ABSTRACT
Background:MBBS students access online animation videos to understand complex concepts. However, multiple studies have raised concerns regarding quality of online educational videos. Animations designed using Mayer’s principles have been shown to improve learning outcomes.In this study, we analysedpattern and design qualityof online genetics animations using Mayer’s principles. Material And Methods:In this cross-sectional study, we analysed 59 online genetics animations chosen from MBBS 1styear Biochemistry syllabus. These animations were shortlisted through systematic search on www.google.comand www.youtube.com. These were analysed using Mayer’s multimedia learning principles that manage extraneous processing. Result:54% (33) of the animations complied with all the multimedia learning principles that manage extraneous processing. However, 44% (26) animations violated multimedia learning principles in various combinations. Amongst the animations that violated multiple principles, combination pattern of Signalling+Spatial Contiguity+Temporal Contiguity was most common (7 out of 26 animations). Conclusion:Majority of the animations follow all the Mayer’s multimedia principles that manage extraneous processing. However, significant portion of animations violated multimedia leaning principles in various combinations and their use may result in poor learning outcomes. By adopting a few easy to implement measures, teachers can increase their effectiveness as visual learning aids for MBBS students.
ABSTRACT
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is recognised more often with increasing survival of preterm babies. The pharmacological closure of ductus by indomethacin has changed the management of PDA. Twenty neonates admitted over a period of 21 months to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of M.S. Ramaiah Medical College hospital, Bangalore, who were diagnosed to have PDA, were analyzed. The objectives of this retrospective analysis were to study the clinical profile, the efficacy of oral indomethacin and the outcome of PDA. 2-D and Doppler echocardiaography were used to confirm the clinically suspected PDA. These neonates were treated with 3 doses of oral indomethacin (0.2-0.25 mg/kg/dose 12 hourly) along with fluid restriction and oxygen. Echocardiography was repeated to demonstrate the closure of PDA. The incidence of PDA was 2.3% of total NICU admissions. Seventy percent of this cohort were < 32 weeks of gestation, 55% had birth weight of < 1500 gms. Seventy percent (14) neonates had onset of PDA after 48 hrs of life. 81.25% of neonates responded to indomethacin and overall survival rate in treated group was 67%. Drug related complications were noted in 2 newborns. This study illustrates the utility of echocardiography in diagnosing and monitoring PDA in preterm and low birth weight babies with high index of suspicion of this common congenital heart disease. Pharmacological intervention with indomethacin is rewarding with acceptable results.