ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the one of the dreadful urological carcinoma. In comparison to the West, it is very rarely seen in Asia as well in India. Very small number of studies is available in this geographical area. AIMS: We studied the demographic pattern, presentation, risk factors and survival of RCC in an Eastern Indian institution. We characterized and compared these data with available literature SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 81 patients of RCC from January 2008 to December 2012 were enrolled. Their pre‑operative data were reviewed. They were followed as per institutional follow‑up protocol. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Kaplan‑Meier plot was constructed for survival analysis. Comparison of survival curves was performed by Logrank test. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were analyzed with a mean follow‑up of 26.3 ± 17.7 months. The mean age of presentation in our study was 52.79 years with a peak at 5th decade. Nearly 73.33% patients having one or more risk factors. 9 out of 10 had presented with some symptoms. The survival for localized RCC was 100% and significantly greater than advanced RCC ( P < 0.0001). Similarly in the stage III, significant greater survival ( P < 0.0001) was noted compare to stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: The age of presentation of RCC in India has been found in 5th decade, which is a decade earlier than the western countries. Symptomatic RCC is still majority in India. Organ confined tumors have good prognosis. When it metastasizes to lymph node or distant organ, the outcome is poor. Our results may form the basis for further studies and it may be used as future reference.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted at Birbhum district of West Bengal among mothers who delivered in last one year to generate area-specific community-based data on the proportion of home deliveries, assistance during conduction of delivery and the intranatal care practices followed in the district. A multistage 40 cluster sampling method was used to study 320 mothers in the district. 37.81% deliveries were conducted at home. About 25% deliveries were conducted by untrained birth attendants, unqualified practitioners or relatives and friends. In 85.13% of home deliveries, DDK was not used. 68.6% home deliveries were conducted on the floor without any clean covering sheet. Though a clean instrument was used to cut the cord in 86.78% of home deliveries, a clean cord tie was used in only 24.89% cases. In 36.36% home deliveries, something was applied on the cord stump. High proportion of deliveries assisted by untrained persons and high magnitude of faulty intranatal care practices observed in the study require urgent and appropriate intervention.