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Introducción: Durante el preoperatorio cardiovascular, las personas presentan con frecuencia niveles altos de depresión, los que se asocian a resultados quirúrgicos poco favorables y, por ende, a la necesidad de una intervención de Enfermería para disminuir estos niveles. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de Enfermería para disminuir la depresión de personas en el preoperatorio cardiovascular. Métodos: Estudio preexperimental con pretest y protest, en una población de 88 personas en el Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas, La Habana, Cuba, desde marzo de 2019 a junio de 2020. La depresión fue medida con el test de Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado. Se realizó una intervención de Enfermería sustentada en el Modelo de Adaptación de Sor Callista Roy, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería y las taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC, para disminuir la depresión de personas en el preoperatorio cardiovascular. Los resultados se confrontaron y expresaron en porcentajes, media y números absolutos. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado y probabilidad exacta de Fisher. La asociación de variables se obtuvo con la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon, con regla de disociación: si p≤ 0,05 se rechaza HO. Resultados: El sexo masculino constituyó el 57,92 por ciento de los casos y la edad media fue de 57 años. Luego de la intervención se redujo la depresión en un 27,27 por ciento (p= 0,000). Conclusiones: La implementación de una intervención de Enfermería para disminuir la depresión de personas en el preoperatorio cardiovascular, sustentada en el Modelo de Adaptación de Sor Callista Roy, el PAE y las Taxonomías NANDA, NOC, NIC mostró efectividad, ya que se logró modificar de forma positiva y significativa la depresión, en tanto, optimizó los resultados posoperatorios(AU)
Introduction: During the preoperative period of cardiovascular surgery, people frequently present high levels of depression, associated with little favorable surgical outcomes and, therefore, with the need for a nursing intervention to reduce such levels. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention to reduce depression in preoperative cardiovascular patients. Methods: A preexperimental study with pretest and protest was carried out in a population of 88 people in the cardiovascular surgery service at Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas, in Havana, Cuba, from March 2019 to June 2020. Depression was measured using the State/Trait Depression Inventory test. A nursing intervention was performed, based on the Adaptation Model of Sister Callista Roy, the Nursing Care Process, as well as the NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies, in order to reduce depression in preoperative cardiovascular patients. The results were compared and expressed as percentages, mean and absolute numbers. The chi-square and Fisher's exact probability tests were used. The association of variables was obtained with the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, with the dissociation rule if p ≤ 0.05, H O is rejected. Results: The male sex accounted for 57.92 percent of the cases and the mean age was 57-years. After the intervention, depression was reduced by 27.27 percent (p= 0.000). Conclusions: The implementation of a nursing intervention to reduce depression in preoperative cardiovascular patients, based on the Adaptation Model of Sister Callista Roy, the Nursing Care Process, as well as NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies, showed effectiveness, since it was possible to modify depression in a positive and significant way, while optimizing postoperative outcomes(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Nursing Care/methodsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Recent data from meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that dietary intake of coconut oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, does not result in cardiometabolic benefits, nor in improvements in anthropometric, lipid, glycemic, and subclinical inflammation parameters. Nevertheless, its consumption has surged in recent years all over the world, a phenomenon which can possibly be explained by an increasing belief among health professionals that this oil is as healthy as, or perhaps even healthier than, other oils, in addition to social network misinformation spread. The objective of this review is to present nutritional and epidemiological aspects related to coconut oil, its relationship with metabolic and cardiovascular health, as well as possible hypotheses to explain its high rate of consumption, in spite of the most recent data regarding its actual effects.
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Introducción: Una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular puede reducir la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en unidad de cuidados intensivos, hospitalaria y la mortalidad. Se ofrecen cuidados articulando los dominios de atención a personas en estado crítico establecidos por Patricia Benner, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería y las taxonomías. Objetivo: Exponer el desarrollo de una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, que incluyó 159 personas, distribuidas en dos grupos, que acudieron al Servicio de Cardiología, del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2021. Los grupos fueron escogidos mediante la aleatorización simple (1:1). El primero se conformó por 79 personas, abordadas con el procedimiento convencional; y el segundo, por 80, atendidas con la intervención de enfermería diseñada por el equipo de investigación. Se compararon y expresaron los resultados en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (79,7 por ciento). La edad media fue 60 años. En el grupo al que se le aplicó la intervención de enfermería se redujeron la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, hospitalaria, y la mortalidad (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: La implementación de la Intervención de Enfermería por el enfermero perfusionista ayudó a mejorar las respuestas humanas de esas personas. Los resultados finales obtenidos mostraron su validez, al evidenciar la disminución en la aparición de complicaciones y, por ende, la reducción de la estadía en UCI, hospitalaria y la mortalidad(AU)
Introduction: A nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery can reduce the occurrence of complications, the stay in intensive care units, in hospitals, and mortality. Care is offered by articulating the domains of care for people in critical condition established by Patricia Benner, the Nursing Care Process and taxonomies. Objective: To present the development of a nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation. Methods: An experimental study was conducted, which included 159 people, divided into two groups, who attended the Cardiology Service of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research from January 2018 to January 2021. Groups were chosen using simple randomization (1:1). The first group was made up of 79 people, approached with the conventional procedure; and the second, by 80 people, attended with the nursing intervention designed by the research team. The results were compared and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and mean. Results: Men predominated (79.7 percent). The median age was 60 years. In the group to which the nursing intervention was applied, the occurrence of complications, the stay in Intensive Care Units, in hospitals, and mortality were reduced (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The implementation of the Nursing Intervention by the perfusionist nurse helped to improve the human responses of these people. The final results obtained showed their validity, as they showed the decrease in the onset of complications and, therefore, the reduction of ICU and hospital stay and mortality(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Nursing Care/methodsABSTRACT
Chromium is an essential trace element whose deficiency can cause impairment of glucose tolerance, growth and various biological functions. There are two isotopes of chromium-trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium. Both the isotopes of chromium have quite different effects on the human body. The objective of this narrative review is to compile the different effects of the two isotopes of chromium and give a comprehensive analysis of the effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium. Data from various studies across different forums were compared to provide a concrete analysis of the therapeutic and harmful effects of two isotopes of chromium on human health. Chromium plays a vital role in the biological functions of the body. It might be helpful in balancing the glycaemic levels, triglyceride levels and cholesterol levels in the body. Excessive intake of chromium is harmful for health. Overexposure to chromium can lead to carcinogenic effects. Consumption of an insufficient amount of chromium might not be adequate as well. Trivalent chromium can be quite beneficial if taken in proper quantities. Hexavalent chromium can cause cancer. Trivalent chromium is beneficial, while hexavalent chromium is harmful to human health.
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Introducción: La adecuada intervención de enfermería puede mejorar los resultados posoperatorios, al disminuir la ansiedad. Objetivo: Desarrollar una intervención personalizada de enfermería para disminuir la ansiedad durante el preoperatorio de personas que requieren cirugía cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio longitudinal y preexperimental, que incluyó a 88 personas que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas desde marzo de 2019 hasta junio de 2020. Se aplicó el test Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado para medir la ansiedad. Se realizó una intervención de enfermería personalizada. Los resultados iniciales y finales se compararon y se expresaron en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado a las variables cualitativas y el test de Student para medias independientes a las variables cuantitativas. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (57,9 por ciento) con edad media de 57,73 ± 11,9 años. Luego de la intervención de enfermería, se redujo la ansiedad en un 36,6 por ciento (p = 0,000). No se encontró asociación entre la ansiedad posintervención y la estadía, aunque sí se redujeron de forma significativa las complicaciones posoperatorias (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería disminuyó la ansiedad y se asoció de forma significativa a menos complicaciones(AU)
Introduction: Adequate nursing intervention can improve postoperative outcomes by reducing anxiety. Objective: To develop a personalized nursing intervention to reduce anxiety during the preoperative period of people requiring cardiovascular surgery at the Medical and Surgical Research Center. Methods: A longitudinal and pre-experimental study was conducted, which included 88 people who attended the Cardiovascular Surgery Service at the Center for Medical and Surgical Research from March 2019 to June 2020. The Trait-State Anxiety Inventory test was applied to measure anxiety. A personalized nursing intervention was performed. Initial and final results were compared and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and average. The Chi square test was applied to the qualitative variables and the Student test for independent means to the quantitative variables. Results: Men (57.9 percent) with a mean age of 57.73 ± 11.9 years predominated. After the nursing intervention, anxiety was reduced by 36.6 percent (p = 0.000). No association was found between post-intervention anxiety and stay, although postoperative complications were significantly reduced (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The nursing intervention decreased anxiety and was significantly associated with fewer complications(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anxiety , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Education, Nursing/methods , Preoperative Period , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: El final de la vida de un anciano es un proceso de vida, cuyo cuidado es protagonizado por el cuidador familiar. Con frecuencia los cuidados profesionales se enfocan hacia la persona que más expresa sus necesidades humanas insatisfechas. Sin embargo, aunque el cuidador familiar expresa sus problemas de salud, los cuidados se muestran insuficientes y desapegados de la teoría. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo teórico de cuidados al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de teoría fundamentada, de enero del 2017 a enero del 2020. Las poblaciones de estudió la conformaron cuatro especialistas y cuatro cuidadores familiares que vivieron la experiencia del cuidado de un anciano al final de la vida. La muestra se determinó por un muestreo no probabilístico y saturación teórica, y quedó conformada por cuatro especialistas y cuatro cuidadores familiares que vivieron la experiencia del cuidado. Se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad y análisis de discurso como métodos empíricos, lo cual permitió la construcción del paradigma codificado. Resultados: El modelo representa la lógica ideal en la ejecución de acciones en la práctica de enfermería con la aplicación del método científico en el contexto domiciliario durante el cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida. Conclusiones: Se describen las relaciones de coordinación y subordinación entre los elementos del modelo que se constituyen en acciones consecutivas y coherentes durante la práctica de enfermería para el cuidado al cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida(AU)
Introduction: The end of life of an elderly person is a life process whose care corresponds mainly to the family caregiver. Professional care is often focused on the person who most expresses his or her unmet human needs. However, although the family caregiver expresses his or her health problems, care is insufficient and detached from theory. Objective: To design a theoretical model of care for the family caregiver of the elderly at the end of life. Methods: A qualitative grounded theory study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2020. The study populations consisted of four specialists and four family caregivers who lived the experience of caring for an elderly person at the end of life. The sample was determined by nonprobabilistic sampling and theoretical saturation, and finally consisted of four specialists and four family caregivers who lived the caregiving experience. In-depth interview and discourse analysis were used as empirical methods, which allowed the construction of the coding paradigm. Results: The model represents the ideal logic in the performance of actions as part of nursing practice through the application of the scientific method in the home setting during the care for the family caregiver of the elderly person at the end of life. Conclusions: The coordination and subordination relationships among the elements of the model are described. Such elements are the consecutive and coherent actions during the nursing practice for the care of the family caregiver of the elderly person at the end of life(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospice Care/methods , Caregivers , Models, Theoretical , Nursing Care , Health Services Needs and DemandABSTRACT
Abstract The pathological diagnosis of diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) contributes to treatment selection and clinical trials interpretation. To know its characteristics and evaluate the viability of comprehensive pathological diagnosis of DPM in Argentina we did a retrospective descriptive study of DPM cases reported from 2009 to 2018. We analyzed 398 cases corresponding to 238 (60%) men and 160 (40%) women, median age 66 years, from surgical biopsies (78%), small biopsies (16.5%) and surgical resections (5.5%). The 77% were epithelioid (E-DPM), 12% biphasic, 10% sarcomatoid, and 4 cases transitional variant. In E-DPM the main pattern was tubular in 36% and solid in 33%. There was a second pattern in 179 cases. Considering the main pattern and the second together, 48% presented tubular subtype and 48% solid subtype. Stroma, necrosis, and nuclear score showed significant differences between E-DPM and non-epithelioid mesotheliomas. Overall tumor grade was predominantly low in E-DPM, except for 42% of the solid main pattern. We recognized the transitional variant extensively in 4 cases and focally in 8. The immunohistochemical antibody panel used included pan-cytokeratin, calretinin, WT-1, cytokeratin 5, CEA and TTF-1. The expression of cytokeratin 5, calretinin and WT-1 was lower in the sarcomatoid type (43%, 87 and 37%) than in the epithelioid type (92%, 98% and 93%). This study highlights the tumor heterogeneity of DPM that shows the diagnostic difficulty, and the feasibility of evaluating histological aggressiveness in E-DPM, B-DPM and S-DPM in our country.
Resumen El diagnóstico patológico del mesotelioma pleural difuso (MPD) contribuye a la selección del tratamiento y a la interpretación de los ensayos clínicos. Para conocer sus características y evaluar la viabilidad del diagnóstico patológico de MPD en Argentina se realizó un estudio descriptivo retros pectivo de los casos de MPD informados de 2009 a 2018. Se analizaron 398 casos correspondientes a 238 (60%) hombres y 160 (40%) mujeres, mediana de edad de 66 años, a partir de biopsias quirúrgicas (78%), biopsias pequeñas (16.5%) y resecciones quirúrgicas (5.5%). El 77% fue epitelioide (E-MPD), 12% bifásicos, 10% sarcomatoides y 4 casos variante transicional. En E-MPD se encontró como patrón principal el tubular en 36% y el sólido en 33%. Hubo un segundo patrón en 179 casos. Considerando el principal y el segundo patrón en conjunto, el 48% presentó subtipo tubular y el 48% subtipo sólido. El estroma, la necrosis y el score nuclear mostraron diferencias significativas entre E-MPD y mesoteliomas no epitelioides. El grado general del tumor fue predominantemente bajo en E-MPD, a excepción del 42% del patrón principal sólido. Reconocimos la variante transicional en forma extensa en 4 casos y focalmente en 8. La expresión de citoqueratina 5, calretinina y WT-1 fue menor en el tipo sarcomatoide (43%, 87 y 37%) que en el tipo epitelioide (92%, 98% y 93%). Este estudio destaca la heterogeneidad tumoral de MPD que evidencia la dificu ltad en el diagnóstico y la viabilidad de evaluar la agresividad histológica en E-MPD, B-MPD y S-MPD en nuestro país.
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Introducción: La adecuada intervención de enfermería puede mejorar los resultados posoperatorios, el estrés y el conocimiento; y reducir las complicaciones. Objetivo: Exponer una intervención personalizada de enfermería para modificar los estados emocionales, y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación durante el preoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y preexperimental, que incluyó 88 personas que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas en un período de dos años. Se aplicaron los test Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado y del Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado, para medir la ansiedad y la depresión; así como el test ESCAPS (Instrumento de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación) y una entrevista semiestructurada que exploró conocimiento. Los resultados iniciales y finales se compararon, y se expresaron en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado a las variables cualitativas y el test de Student para medias independientes a las variables cuantitativas, con un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (57,9 por ciento) con edad media de 57,73 ± 11,9 años. Luego de la intervención se redujeron la ansiedad en un 36,6 por ciento (p < 0,001) y la depresión en un 72,7 por ciento (p = 0). Aumentaron el conocimiento (76,1 por ciento; p = 0,037) y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación (0,11 puntos). Solo se encontró asociación entre la ansiedad y la depresión con las complicaciones (p = 0,008 y p < 0,001 de forma respectiva). Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería modificó de manera positiva la ansiedad y la depresión, al optimizar la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación(AU)
Introduction: Adequate nursing intervention can improve post-operative outcomes, stress and knowledge; and reduce complications. Objective: Present a personalized nursing intervention in the pre-operative period of cardiovascular surgery at the Center for Medical and Surgical Research. Methods: A longitudinal and pre-experimental study was conducted, which included 88 people who attended the Cardiovascular Surgery Service of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research in a period of two years. The Trait-State Anxiety Inventory and Trait-State Depression Inventory tests were applied to measure anxiety and depression; as well as the ESCAPS test (Instrument for measuring the coping and adaptation process) and a semi-structured interview that explored knowledge. A personalized nursing intervention was performed. The initial and final results were compared, and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and average. The Chi-square test was applied to the qualitative variables and the Student test for independent means to the quantitative variables, with a 95 percent confidence interval. Results: Men (57.9 percent) with a mean age of 57.73 ± 11.9 years predominated. After the intervention, anxiety was reduced by 36.6 percent (p < 0.001) and depression by 72.7 percent (p = 0). Knowledge increased (76.1 percent; p = 0.037) and coping and adaptive capacity (0.11 points). Only an association was found between anxiety and depression with complications (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions: Nursing intervention positively modified anxiety and depression by optimizing coping and adaptation capacity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Preoperative Care/adverse effects , Education, Nursing , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
Resumen La hiperplasia difusa idiopática de células neuroendocrinas es una entidad extremadamente infrecuente caracterizada por una proliferación generalizada de células neuroendocrinas, sin proceso primario que lo justifique, generalmente, aunque también están descriptas formas asintomáticas. Se describen los casos de dos mujeres y un hombre, edad promedio 63 años (rango 57-71) que consultaron por presentar nodulillos pulmonares bilaterales. Promedio de seguimiento: 1 año, 3 meses (rango 1 mes-3 años). Las dos mujeres presentaban tos, disnea progresiva y obstrucción al flujo aéreo en el estudio espirométrico, fueron tra tadas por asma y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica respectivamente con poco alivio de los síntomas. El tercer paciente, varón, consultó por hallazgo incidental en una tomografía de tórax, de nódulos pulmonares, con razonable sospecha de enfermedad metastásica de origen desconocido. En sendas biopsias se diagnosticaron: en el primer y tercer caso hiperplasia neuroendócrina difusa idiopática-tumorlets; y en el segundo caso tumor carcinoide típico e hiperplasia neuroendocrina difusa idiopática. En el primer caso los síntomas se controlaron con tratamiento broncodilatador máximo. La segunda paciente tuvo en el postoperatorio, insuficiencia respiratoria que requirió asistencia respiratoria mecánica y fibrilación auricular con alta respuesta ventricular, interpretados ambos signos como síndromes paraneoplásicos, que respondieron favorablemente a la administración empírica de octeotride. El tercer paciente se halla asintomático y en control. La hiperplasia difusa de células neuroendó crinas representa un desafío diagnóstico. La biopsia pulmonar en pacientes con nodulillos pulmonares múltiples, bilaterales e historia clínica de tos y disnea progresiva debe ser considerada para confirmar esta entidad.
Abstract Diffuse idiopathic hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells is an extremely rare condition. It is a widespread proliferation of neuroendocrine cells, without primary process justifying it. Usually symptomatic in most cases, asymptomatic forms are also described. We describe three cases, 2 women and 1 man, average age 63 years (range 57-71) who presented with bilateral pulmonary nodules. Average follow-up: one year and three months (range 1 month-3 years). The two women had cough, progressive dyspnea and airflow obstruction in the spirometry, and were treated for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively, with little relief of symptoms. The remaining patient consulted for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules of unknown cause and a suspicion of metastatic disease. The biopsies diagnostic were: in the first and third case diffuse idiopathic hyperplasia of euroendocrine cells - tumorlets; and in the second case typical carcinoid tumor and diffuse idiopathic hyperplasia of neuroendo crine cells. The first patient controlled the symptoms with maximum bronchodilator therapy. The second patient presented immediate postoperative severe bronchospasm and respiratory failure which required ventilatory as sistance, atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (both signs interpreted as paraneoplastic syndromes) which responded favorably to the empirical octeotride management. The third patient is asymptomatic and in control. The diffuse neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia represents a diagnostic challenge because of the rarity of this condition. Lung biopsy in patients with multiple, bilateral pulmonary nodules and clinical history of cough and progressive dyspnea should be considered to confirm this entity.
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@#This is a case of a 22-year-old female who presented with labile mood, impulsivity and persistent suicidality. Despite numerous pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic regimens, she only had minimal improvement. Subsequently, she revealed traumatic events in younger years.She has been experiencing recurrent intrusive thoughts, low self-worth, guilt and avoidance behavior. Pharmacotherapeutic management was revised as well as her psychotherapy, which resulted in a positive outcome. However, recurrence occurred after she encountered negative life events. Electroconvulsive therapy and revision of pharmacologic treatment eventually led to significant improvement. This case highlights the importance of underlying psychological trauma that caused persistent symptoms. The intensity of impact and the chronic recurrent negative effect of the trauma on the patient influenced the treatment outcome. It is important to optimize therapeutic management with the use of pharmacologic agents, psychotherapy and somatic therapies.
Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Bipolar DisorderABSTRACT
Este estudo teve o intuito de conhecer a vivência de trabalhadores bancários no que diz respeito às relações entre organização do trabalho e saúde mental. Foram realizados grupos focais em que participaram bancários de diferentes cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Os tópicos de discussão buscavam compreender como os profissionais vivenciavam suas experiências laborais. As sessões grupais foram transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo qualitativa, resultando em três grandes categorias: sentido do trabalho, gestão do trabalho bancário, e trabalho e adoecimento. Constatou-se que o sentido do trabalho se apresenta primordialmente como meio de subsistência; e as metas, excessivamente elevadas, contribuem para os trabalhadores renunciarem seus valores éticos. O sofrimento psíquico causado pelo trabalho influencia as relações interpessoais dos participantes, empobrecendo-as do ponto de vista afetivo. Evidenciou-se a necessidade da discussão política da relação entre trabalho e saúde/adoecimento. A partir deste estudo, aposta-se na ação coletiva e na retomada de laços de solidariedade como forma de resistência às estratégias de gestão individualizantes e alienantes
This study aimed to understand the experience of bank workers concerning the relationships between work organization and mental health. Focal groups were conducted in which bank workers from different cities of the state of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, participated. The topics of discussion in the groups sought to understand how workers experience their work processes. The group sessions were transcribed and submitted to qualitative content analysis, resulting in three major categories: work meaning, work management, and work and the process of falling ill. It was found that the meaning of the work presents itself primarily as a mean of subsistence; and that the, excessive high, goals contribute to drive workers to give up their ethical values. The psychic suffering caused by work influences interpersonal relationships, impoverishing them in the affective point of view. The need of political discussion about the relations between work and health/illness was evidenced. From this study, the collective action and the recovery of ties of solidarity as a form of resistance in face of individualizing and alienating management strategies emerge as a goal
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Workload , Psychological Distress , Occupational Groups/psychology , Organization and Administration , Mental Health , Focus Groups , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a citotoxicidade e o efeito antibacteriano do extrato hidroalcoólico de cúrcuma branqueado comparado ao hipoclorito de sódio como irrigante endodôntico. Material e Métodos: A citotoxicidade foi avaliada em fibroblastos de pele humana usando o ensaio MTT. Os irrigantes foram testados em intervalos de tempo de 1, 5 e 15 minutos. Após o tempo de contato, a solução de MTT foi adicionada e as placas de poços foram incubadas. Após o período de incubação, a densidade óptica foi lida e correlacionada com a porcentagem de viabilidade celular. A eficiência antibacteriana foi avaliada usando o teste de contato direto. Cada irrigante endodôntico foi adicionado à suspensão fresca de Enterococcus faecalis e ao meio de infusão cérebro-coração e então incubados por 48 horas. Após o período de incubação, as leituras de densidade óptica foram obtidas e lidas por leitor de ELISA a 620 nm. Resultados: Os resultados do teste de citotoxicidade revelaram que o extrato de cúrcuma branqueado apresentou porcentagem de viabilidade celular significativamente maior do que o hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) em todos os intervalos de tempo (p<0,001). No entanto, no grupo de intervenção, a porcentagem de viabilidade celular diminuiu significativamente ao longo do tempo. Os resultados do teste antibacteriano mostraram inibição bacteriana por ambos os grupos com diferença não significativa entre os dois grupos testados (p<0,05). Conclusão:O extrato hidroalcoólico de cúrcuma branqueado pode representar uma alternativa fitoterápica irrigante endodôntico para evitar os efeitos tóxicos indesejáveis do NaOCl devido à sua menor citotoxicidade e efeito antibacteriano proeminente contra Enterococcus faecalis (AU)
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effect of bleached turmeric hydro-alcoholic extract compared to sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant. Material and Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated on human skin fibroblasts using MTT assay. The irrigants were tested at 1, 5- and 15-minutes time intervals. After contact time, MTT solution was added and well plates were incubated. After the incubation period, optical density was read and correlated with cell viability percent. Antibacterial efficiency was evaluated using direct contact test. Each endodontic irrigant was added to fresh Enterococcus faecalis suspension and brain heart infusion media then incubated for 48 hours. After incubation period, optical density readings were obtained and read by ELISA reader at 620 nm. Results:Results of cytotoxicity test revealed that bleached turmeric extract had significant higher cell viability percent than Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at all time intervals (p<0.001). However, in the intervention group, cell viability percent significantly decreased over time. Results of antibacterial test showed bacterial inhibition by both groups with non-significant difference between the two tested groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bleached turmeric hydro-alcoholic extract can represent an herbal alternative endodontic irrigant to avoid the undesirable toxic effects of NaOCl due to its less cytotoxicity and prominent antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis. (AU)
Subject(s)
Root Canal Irrigants , Sodium Hypochlorite , Curcuma , Toxicity , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução A sistematização de informações sobre o fenômeno do suicídio é imprescindível para subsidiar o planejamento de ações e estratégias de intervenção. Objetivo Descrever características epidemiológicas da mortalidade por suicídio no estado do Rio Grande do Sul de 2010 a 2016. Método Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e analisados segundo variáveis sociodemográficas. Foi utilizado o método de Prais-Winsten para estimar a variação média anual e indicar a tendência dos coeficientes. Resultados Foram registrados 7.796 óbitos no período analisado, correspondendo a um coeficiente médio de 10,7 por 100 mil habitantes. Aproximadamente 80% dos suicídios foram de homens e 40% do total se concentrou entre 40 e 59 anos de idade. Os coeficientes mais altos foram encontrados entre pessoas idosas. Foi verificada tendência de mortalidade crescente para mulheres e decrescente para homens na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos. Entre 10 e 14 anos de idade, foi identificada tendência crescente para o sexo feminino. Na média do período, os maiores coeficientes concentraram-se no centro e norte do estado. Conclusão São sugeridos estudos aprofundados nas regiões e nos grupos prioritários apontados, a fim de subsidiar o aprimoramento de políticas públicas para a prevenção do suicídio.
Abstract Background The systematization of information about the phenomenon of suicide is crucial to support action planning and intervention strategies. Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide mortality in the State of Rio Grande do Sul from 2010 to 2016. Method The data were collected from the Mortality Information System and analyzed according to sociodemographic variables. The Prais-Winsten method estimated the annual average variation and indicated the trend of mortality coefficients. Results We found 7,796 deaths recorded in the period, corresponding to an average coefficient of 10.7 per 100 thousand inhabitants. Approximately 80% of the suicides were of men, and 40% of the total were concentrated between the ages of 40 and 59. The highest coefficients were found among the elderly population. There was a trend of increasing mortality for women and decreasing for men in the age group of 20 to 29. An increasing trend was identified for females between the ages of 10 and 14. On average, the highest coefficients were concentrated in the center and north of the state. Conclusion We suggest in-depth studies to be carried out in the regions and priority groups mentioned to help improve public policies for suicide prevention.
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RESUMEN 15. Introducción: El cuidador del anciano al final de la vida siente necesidades de cuidados que con frecuencia son insatisfechas, pues el anciano demanda de mayor atención. Teorías de Enfermería sugieren el análisis de este fenómeno desde sus perspectivas. Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de cuidados del cuidador familiar de anciano al final de la vida desde la Teoría del Confort. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en el Policlínico "14 de junio" del municipio Diez de Octubre, La Habana, desde enero del 2017 hasta enero 2019. El universo de estudio quedó constituido por 44 cuidadores familiares de ancianos al final de la vida. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas y variables dependientes en el orden psicoespiritual, física, ambiental y social. Para procesar y analizar los resultados se utilizó de la estadística descriptiva el índice ponderado. Resultados: de los cuidadores: 90,90 % fueron mujeres, el 52,27 % tienen más de 60 años, el 58 % es esposa o esposo, y el 84,09 % tienen un nivel escolar de secundaria básica. Se identificaron las necesidades afectadas en las dimensiones estudiadas. Conclusiones: Se identificaron alteraciones en las dimensiones psicoespiritual, física, social y ambiental, los cuidadores manifestaron cansancio, dolores musculares y sentimientos de soledad.
ABSTRACT 23. Introduction: The caregiver of the elderly, at the end of life, feels care needs often unsatisfied, as the elderly demands some more attention. Nursing theories suggest that this phenomenon should be analyzed based on nursing perspectives. Objective: To identify the care needs of the elderly's family caregiver at the end of life, based on comfort theory. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out, from January 2017 to January 2019, in 14 de Junio Polyclinic of Diez de Octubre Municipality, Havana. The study universe was made up of 44 family caregivers of elderlies at the end of life. Sociodemographic variables and dependent variables in the psychospiritual, physical, environmental and social order were studied. To process and analyze the results, the weighted index was used from descriptive statistics. Results: Of the caregivers, 90.90% were women, 52.27% were over sixty years old, 58% were a wife or a husband, and 84.09% had a secondary school level. Needs affected in the dimensions studied were identified. Conclusions: Alterations were identified in the psychospiritual, physical, social and environmental dimensions. The caregivers reported fatigue, muscle aches and feelings of loneliness.
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Introducción: el cuidado es la razón de ser de la profesión de enfermería y constituye su objeto de estudio, convertirlo en el centro de interés de la investigación en enfermería, es una necesidad, pues permitirá robustecer su cuerpo de conocimientos, con fundamentos y principios científicos, humanistas sustentado en modelos teóricos que orientan la disciplina y práctica profesional. Objetivo: describir la vinculación de la teoría de los cuidados al cuidado de niños con enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas durante la estimulación cerebral no invasiva. Material y métodos: revisión no sistemática de la literatura para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo de documentos como: libros, tesis y artículos científicos. Se utilizaron las bases de datos bibliográficas: PubMed, CUMED, CINAHL, CUIDEN, Lilacs y Google académico. Se siguieron los principios de análisis de contenido, integrando la identificación de significados que se señalaban de forma más repetitiva, la consistencia, explicaciones y relaciones de éstos, a través de todos los estudios incluidos en esta revisión. Conclusiones: se evidencia la importancia de realizar una gestión enfocada estratégicamente en los cuidados donde se consideren valores, actitudes y conocimientos de la disciplina que conlleven a realizar un liderazgo dirigido a la meja continua de los cuidados.
Introduction: care is the raison d'être of the nursing profession and constitutes its object of study, making it the center of interest for nursing research, it is a necessity, which will strengthen its body of knowledge, with foundations and scientific, humanistic principles based on theoretical models that guide discipline and professional practice. Objective: describe the link of theory of care to the care of children with neuropsychiatric diseases during non-invasive brain stimulation. Material and methods: a non-systematic review of the literature was carried out to develop a reflective critical analysis of different documents that included books, theses and scientific articles. Bibliographic databases: PubMed, CUMED, CINAHL, CUIDEN, Lilacs and Google Scholar were used. The principles of content analysis were followed, including the identification of meanings that were indicated more repetitively, their consistency, explanations and relationships, throughout all the studies included in this review. Conclusions: Swanson's theory of care describes the relationships between nursing professionals and clients; It contributes to the nursing professional assuming responsible decisions regarding care that ensure their quality.
Subject(s)
Nursing Care , Nursing Theory , Nurse-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha venido a cambiar nuestra forma de vida, modificando completamente hasta la forma de convivencia, lo cual puede llevar a cualquier persona a padecer ansiedad, estrés o depresión, ya sea por miedo a contagiarse, a perder a los seres queridos o simplemente por estar limitados hasta para salir a la calle. Objetivo: determinar la presencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés ante la pandemia COVID-19 en los beneficiarios de una unidad de medicina familiar de primer nivel de atención y establecer la relación de estos con la edad. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, relacional, transversal, en 185 derechohabientes de una unidad de medicina familiar del 15 de junio al 15 de agosto de 2020. Se solicitaron datos sociodemográficos y se aplicó la escala DASS-21 para buscar sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Se realizó análisis univariado con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para identificar la relación entre edad y estrés. Resultados: se encontraron síntomas de depresión en 11.9%, ansiedad en 22.7% y estrés en 14.5% de los participantes. Se encontró una relación negativa débil (r = -0.199, p = 0.007) entre edad y estrés. Conclusiones: existen síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, con una relación negativa débil, estadísticamente significativa entre edad y estrés.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has come to change our way of life, completely modifying even the form of coexistence, which can lead anyone to suffer from anxiety, stress or depression, either out of fear of getting infected, losing a loved one or simply because of the limitation to go outside. Objective: To determine the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in the beneficiaries of a family medicine unit of first level of care and to establish their relationship with age. Material and methods: Observational, relational, crosssectional study, in 185 beneficiaries of a family medicine unit from June 15th to August 15th, 2020. Sociodemographic data were requested, and the DASS-21 scale was applied to search for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Univariate analysis was performed with measures of central tendency and dispersion. For the bivariate analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between age and stress. Results: Symptoms of depression were found in 11.9%, anxiety in 22.7% and stress in 14.5% of the participants. A weak negative relationship (r = -0.199, p = 0.007) was found between age and stress. Conclusions: There are symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, with a weak, statistically significant negative relationship between age and stress.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Psychological Distress , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression , Family Practice , MexicoABSTRACT
La caries de infancia temprana afecta a más del 60% de niños del Perú, afectando su calidad vida y alimentación. Es importante conocer los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en salud bucal de los cuidadores de estos niños para realizar estrategias de intervención adecuadas. Objetivo: Relacionar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en salud bucal de los padres con la caries de infancia temprana de niños con anemia de la comunidad de Recuay. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de nivel relacional, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño observacional, transversal y prospectivo. Participaron 52 niños de 0 a 6 años diagnosticados con anemia y sus padres. Se aplicó el índice de ceo-d e índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) a los niños; y un cuestionario de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en salud bucal a sus padres. Se relacionó el índice de ceo-d con el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Se encontró que el 69% de niños presenta caries de infancia temprana, el índice de ceo-d promedio fue de 3,3, el cual aumentaba con la edad. El IHO-S promedio fue de 1,95. El nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los padres fue regular, adecuado y regular respectivamente. El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman entre las prácticas en salud bucal y el índice de ceo-d fue de 0,375 (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Solo se encontró una relación significativa entre las prácticas en salud bucal de los padres con el índice de ceo-d de sus hijos.
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Resumen La transmogrificación placentaria del pulmón es una lesión extremadamente infrecuente, asociada al enfisema bulloso gigante y considerada por algunos autores una variante histológica del enfisema bulloso gigante unilateral. Su etiología aún es desconocida y representa un desafío tanto para el diagnóstico clínico como anatomopatológico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven, que consulta con disnea de un año de evolución, y cuyo diagnóstico postoperatorio incluye esta rara entidad.
Abstract Placental transmogrification of the lung is an extremely rare lesion, associated with giant bullous emphysema and considered by some authors to be a histological variant of unilateral giant bullous emphysema. Its etiology is still unknown and represents a challenge for both clinical and pathological diagnosis. We present the case of a young patient, who consults with dyspnea of one year of evolution, and whose postoperative diagnosis includes this rare entity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Emphysema , Pulmonary Emphysema/surgery , Dyspnea , Lung/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Introducción: Vivir la mayor cantidad de años posibles con mejor calidad de vida es interpretada como un logro de la sociedad moderna en lo económico, social y de las políticas públicas, pero resulta también una fuente de conflictos Objetivo: conocer las percepciones que sobre la comunicación de los profesionales de enfermería poseen los adultos mayores/cuidadores en la comunidad donde reciben los cuidados. Material y método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo. Se emplearon método histórico-lógico, la entrevista a seis adultos mayores y cinco cuidadores. Se transcribió textualmente la información y las voces del discurso fueron codificadas. Se recoge información relacionada con la edad, escolaridad, convivencia de la persona mayor y la comunicación de enfermería. Resultados: Se identificaron elementos mediadores que favorecen o no la comunicación y se identifican dificultades en el proceso de comunicación en familiares/cuidadores y enfermeros; como principales proveedores de cuidados se encuentran las mujeres de la propia familia del adulto mayor que comparten las labores de cuidado con las tareas domésticas lo que comprime el tiempo dedicado a la comunicación. Conclusiones: Se verifica la necesidad de una nueva mirada de la comunicación como elemento esencial del cuidado al adulto mayor desde el punto de vista social y sanitario si consideramos que las mujeres suelen hacer labores que son invisibilizadas y poco reconocidas socialmente que refuerzan las desigualdades de género en el uso del tiempo y en los cuidados que se proveen durante el envejecimiento(AU)
Introduction: Living as much and as well as possible is interpreted as an achievement of modern society in the economic and social public policies; however, it is also a source of conflicts. Objective: To know the perceptions of elderly people or their caregivers on the communication in nursing care in the community where they are assisted. Material and Method: A qualitative study was conducted. The historical-logical method was used and six elderly people and five caregivers were interviewed. The information was literally transcribed and the speeches were encoded. The information related to age, schooling, elderly coexistence and communication in nursing care was collected. Results: Elements of mediation that favor the communication or not and the difficulties in the communication process between family members, caregivers and nurses were identified. The main care providers are women who are family members caring for elderly people that are involved in domestic and caring tasks, which reduces the time dedicated to communication. Conclusions: The need for a new look at communication as a key element in elderly care is assessed from a social and health point of view considering that women tend to perform tasks that are invisible and little recognized socially, which reinforces gender inequalities in the use of time and the care provided during aging(AU)