ABSTRACT
Background: infertility is a serious health problem that affects the individual, her/his family, and the community. Infertility is defined as failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after at least 12 months of unprotected coitus
Objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility and the associated factors in Yazd Greater Area during 2014-2015
Materials and Methods: this is a cross-sectional analytic study using Yazd Health Study data which was conducted on 10,000 people. We studied 2611 women between 20-49 yr old who lived in Yazd Greater Area. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Anthropometrics were collected using standardized instruments
Results: among women participating in the study, 135 cases of infertility were documented and the overall prevalence of infertility was 4.73% [95% CI: 3.94%-5.59%], among them 2.6% [95% CI: 2.4-3.8%] had primary and 2.1% [95% CI: 1.8-3.4%] had secondary infertility. In this study, infertility was significantly correlated with age [r=0.051, p=0.032], educational level [r=-0.41, p=0.001], body mass index [r=-0.012, p=0.018], waist circumference [r=0.027, p=0.022], history of abortion [r=0.099, p=0.026], and family history of infertility [r=0.121, p=0.001]
Conclusion: the results of our study showed that the prevalence of infertility among women living in Yazd was lower compared to the other regions in Iran. Female factors were the main cause of infertility in central part of Iran
ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis is a disease that affects women of reproductive age. This disease is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissues [endometrial or stromal glands] outside the uterus and shows significantly elevated prevalence in industrial regions. Additionally, an interaction between genetics and environmental factors is assumed for the disease. Enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P450 [CYP] family are participated in detoxi?cation process of a wide range of environmental toxins and carcinogens. Thereby, they are good link for the interaction. CYP1A1 which belong to cytochrome P450 [CYPs] superfamily, is a very important gene for the metabolism of carcinogens
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of the MspI polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene and its relation to endometriosis
Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 93 endometriosis women and 139 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
Results: Frequencies of the TT, TC, and CC genotype of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism in patients were 73.1 percent, 22.6 percent, and 4.3 percent, while frequencies in controls were 74.1 percent, 22.3 percent, and 3.6 percent, respectively. So there was no significant differences between the genotypes in two groups [p=0.961]
Conclusion: According to our study, MspI polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene appears to be not associated with the risk of endometriosis in the studied population. However, additional studies, especially with larger sample size are needed to validate these findings
ABSTRACT
Background: Selection of the best embryo for transfer is very important in assisted reproductive technology [ART]. Using morphological assessment for this selection demonstrated that the correlation between embryo morphology and implantation potential is relatively weak. On the other hand, aneuploidy is a key genetic factor that can influence human reproductive success in ART
Objective: The aim of this lab trial study was to evaluate the incidence of aneuploidies in five chromosomes in the morphologically high-quality embryos from young patients undergoing ART for sex selection
Materials and Methods: A total of 97 high quality embryos from 23 women at the age of 37or younger years that had previously undergone preimplantation genetic screening for sex selection were included in this study. After washing, the slides of blastomeres from embryos of patients were reanalyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization for chromosomes 13, 18 and 21
Results: There was a significant rate of aneuploidy determination in the embryos using preimplantation genetic screening for both sex and three evaluated autosomal chromosomes compared to preimplantation genetic screening for only sex chromosomes [62.9% vs. 24.7%, p=0.000]. The most frequent detected chromosomal aneuploidy was trisomy or monosomy of chromosome 13
Conclusion: There is considerable numbers of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos generated in vitro which cause in vitro fertilization failure and it seems that morphological characterization of embryos is not a suitable method for choosing the embryos without these abnormalities
ABSTRACT
Background: The appropriate choice of a contraceptive method has been a major issue in reproductive health research. Cu T intrauterine device [Cu T IUD] has been introduced as one of the most effective contraceptive methods in the world, however, the relationship between prior use of Cu T IUD and secondary infertility has not been evaluated in Iran. To examine the association of Cu T-380A IUD and secondary infertility in Iran
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from December 2010 to September 2011 in the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. A total of 750 married women [15-49 years old] with at least one parity, whom were referred to four educational healthcare centers of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, were selected as participants. They were divided into two groups [case and control] based on previous history of using Cu T-380A IUD. Data were gathered using a standard reliable questionnaire along with a face-to-face interview and were analyzed with descriptive and analytical [chi[2]] tests
Results: Mean period of Cu T-380A IUD usage in the case group was 57.46 +/- 47.74 months and mean time length from Cu T-380A IUD removal to pregnancy was 14.87 +/- 5.18 months in this group. We observed no relationship between the use of Cu T-380A IUD and frequency of secondary infertility [3.5% in the case group versus 2.7% in the control group, P=0.52]
Conclusion: Given the relatively large sample size studied here, it is unlikely that Cu T-380A IUD results in secondary infertility and may be used by Iranian women as a safe contraceptive method
Subject(s)
Adult , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies , Infertility , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: sildenafil citrate may increase endometrial thickness and affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles
Objective: the aim of this study was to estimate the effect of sildenafil citrate on ultrasonographic endometrial thickness and pattern and to investigate the estrogen level on the day of progesterone administration, the implantation rate and chemical pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer cycles
Materials and Methods: this randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients who had an antecedent of poor endometrial response and frozen embryos. 40 patients were given estradiol by a step up method with menstruation to prepare the endometrium, and the other 40 were given sildenafil citrate tablets [50 mg] daily in addition to the above treatment protocol from the first day of the cycle until the day progesterone was started. This was discontinued 48-72 hours prior to the embryo transfer
Results: the endometrial thickness was significantly higher in the sildenafil citrate group [p<0.0001], the triple line patterns of the endometrium were significantly higher in the sildenafil citrate group [p<0.0001], while the intermediate patterns of the endometrium were not significantly different in the two groups. The echogen patterns of the endometrium were significantly higher in control group [p<0.0001]. Finally, implantation rate and the chemical pregnancy rates were higher in the sildenafil citrate group but not significantly
Conclusion: as our study shows, the oral use of sildenafil citrate is a good way to improve the endometrial receptivity. We recommend the routine use of oral sildenafil citrate in patients with a previous failure of assisted reproduction technology cycles due to poor endometrial thickness