ABSTRACT
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that smoking is very much prevalent among 30% of all 15 years and older men. Approximately 46% of smokers (men) belong to reproductive age (20∼39 years of age). A survey from 187 countries reported that the prevalence of smoking in male smokers was decreased from 41.2% in 1980 to 31.1% in 2012. Though, the number of everyday smokers increased from 721 million in 1980 to 967 million in 2012. Methods: Eighty male cases were included in this study. Out of eighty male cases 51 had low sperm count & 29 cases were normal. The study was conducted in Department of General Medicine, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Natekal Results: In the present study, low sperm count was occurred in 36.3% and normal sperm count was occurred in 63.7% cases. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that smoking has severe effects on male fertility. It decreased the sperm motility and sperm count and causes a further decline with continuation of smoking for more than five years.
ABSTRACT
Background: Bloodstream infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity. Rapid empiric antibiotic therapy is often needed. Knowledge of epidemiological data of common pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is needed for rapid therapy. Methods: This study was done to analyze the common causes of septicaemia and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern from the Department of General Medicine, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Natekal, Mangaluru. Isolates were identified using bacteriological and biochemical methods and antibiotic sensitivity was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: This study showed that of the 75 patients examined 22 had septicaemia. 31-45 years age group patients constituted the greatest percentage of infected subjects (n=28) followed by patients aged between 46-60 years (n=17). Gram-positive bacteria were encountered more often than gram negative bacteria. Among the gram-positive bacteria, majority isolated were S. epidermiidis; followed by S. aureus. Conclusion: Majority of the organism isolated were from Gram positive category, in which S. epidermiidis was the most isolated.