Doppler Indices of the Fetal Middle Cerebral and the Umbilical Arteries in Pregnancies at High Risk Followed Up for Suspected Fetal Growth Restriction

Background: Fetal growth restriction is related to compromised perinatal outcomes. The screening and prevention tools for fetal growth restriction like Doppler indices in high-risk groups compared with general antenatal populations. An evaluation of the correlation between Doppler indices and placental weight and birth weight of the neonate at term pregnancy in high-risk pregnancies is essential. For the early detection of fetal growth limitations in high-risk pregnancies, sensitive screening techniques are few. Objectives: To determine the most accurate indicator for predicting a poor perinatal outcome or intrauterine growth restriction by comparing and correlating the modifications in Doppler ultrasound studies of fetal circulation in general pregnant women with those of high-risk patients both with and without intrauterine growth retardation. Study design: A cross-sectional research including 81 healthy pregnancies and 19 high-risk patients at 31–40 weeks of gestation was conducted. The pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the umbilical artery (UA), and the MCA PI to UA PI ratio were all analyzed. We compared the Doppler indices’ mean values. Then these values were correlated with placental weight and birth weight of the offspring. Results: A significantly low birth weight and less fetoplacental ratio and placental coefficient ratio were found in high-risk cases than in normal pregnant women (P <0.05). A strong positive relationship was observed between the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and placental weight, while negative relationship between the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery and the Feto-placental ratio (P < 0.05). In addition, a positive association was found between the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery and placental coefficient, whereas a negative correlation was observed between the Cerebro-placental ratio and Feto-placental ratio in high-risk cases (P <0.05). Conclusion: Low birth weight can be predicted using Doppler indices since there is a definite correlation between it and unfavorable perinatal outcomes.

Study Of Wormian Bones In Adult Dry Skulls Of Human Cadaver

Introduction: Wormian bones are islands of small bones found at the sutures and fontanelles of the skull.Commonly appears in the lambdoid suture. This study reporting the incidence, location and morphology ofWormian bones as it may give the false impression as fractures and lead to confusion to the radiologists,surgeons and traumatologists to deal during surgeries.Materials and Methods: The study comprises the 100 human adult skulls. Measuring tape, Sliding calipers,sutural thread and scale were used for measuring the length of the suture, incidence, types, morphology andtopography of sutural bones were observed and compared with the studies done by previous authors. The boneswere obtained from the Department of Anatomy, sri venkata sai medical college Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India.Results: Wormian bones were found in Lambdoid suture (28%), Lambda (12%), Parietomastoid suture (0%),Coronal Suture (0%), Asterion (8%), Sagittal suture (12%), Occipitomastoid suture (0%), Parietosquamous (0%)and Pterion (8%). Three different shapes of WBs was witnessed; Quadrangular (4%), Irregular (36%), Triangular(8%).Discussion: the knowledge of wormian bones is important to radiologists, orthopedicians and traumatologistsas it can imitate fractures and lead to confusion and eventually differential diagnosis.