Early implant failure using straumann AG implant system for fixed partial prosthesis

To assess early implant failure using Straumann AG dental implant system for fixed partial prosthesis at KHMC and to determine the effect of several potential risk factors on this early failure. All the patients scheduled for partial prosthetic replacement of missing teeth using Straumann AG - SLA dental implants during six months period were included in this study. The following data were recorded for each patient: age, gender, medical history, and smoking habits. Clinical and radiographic examination was performed for each patient prior to the surgical phase of treatment to determine the bone type, site, diameter and length of the implants to be used in addition to the periodontal condition. Patient's related factors that have been investigated as risk for early implant failure include age, gender, smoking, pre-existing periodontitis, and general health, while implant related risk factors include bone type, site, diameter, length of the implants. During the study period, a total of 366 implants were placed in 158 patients, their mean age of 44.5 years, and females comprised of 64.5%. The majority of the patients were healthy except 18 [11.4%] were medically compromised, 27.8% were smokers, and 25.9% have periodontitis. Out of the total 366 implants, three implants failed [0.81]. Smoking, medical health, and periodontitis were significant risk factors in early implant failure [p<0.05]. Implants placed in the maxillary and mandibular arches account for 176 [48.1%] and 190 [51.9%] respectively, with the majority being placed in the posterior sites of both jaws. The dominant bone type was III [53.55%], while the dominant implant length and diameter were 10mm and 4.1mm respectively. None of the local or implant related variables have a significant effect on early implant failure [P>0.05]. This study established that early failure using Straumann AG dental implant system for fixed partial prosthesis was 0.8%, and this early failure was significantly associated with smoking, medical health, and periodontitis

Root trunk: types and dimension and their influence on the diagnosis and treatment of periodontally involved first molars

To assess the dimension and types of root trunk of mandibular and maxillary first molars and their influence on the diagnosis and management of molars with furcation involvement. A total of 105 extracted first molars were used in this study. Included teeth comprised 41 maxillary first molars, and 64 mandibular first molars. For each tooth, the vertical dimensions of the root trunk and root length were assessed with a micrometer caliber. The types of root trunk were classified according to the ratio of root trunk height to root length into types A, B and C. Types A, B and C are defined as root trunks involving the cervical third or less, up to half of the length of the root, greater than the apical half of the root respectively. The length of root trunk and the prevalence of different types of root trunk in maxillary and mandibular molars were analyzed. The percentage of root trunk to root length was also calculated. Root trunk types A, B and C accounted for 34.9%, 61.8%, and 3.3% of maxillary molars; 62.5%, 37.5%, and 0% of mandibular molars respectively. In maxillary molars, the prevalence of type-A was found to be 39.1% and 41.4% on the buccal and distal root trunks respectively, while less than that on the mesial root trunk [24.4%]; the greatest prevalence of type B was found on mesial root trunk [75.6%] while type C was found only on the distal root trunk [9.8%]. In mandibular molars, the type-A was found on buccal root trunk and lingual root trunk with a higher prevalence [73.4%, and 51.6%] than type B [26.6% and 48.4%] while no root trunk type C was found in lower molars. The mean root trunk dimension for maxillary molars was 4.9, 4.31, and 3.9mm for the mesial, distal and buccal respectively, while for mandibular molars 3.7mm for the buccal and 4.3mm for the lingual. It was also noted that as the mean root trunk increased, the mean root length decreased. Awareness of root trunk type and dimension may help the practitioner in the diagnosis, treatment plan, and prognosis of periodontally involved molars

Compliance with the use of personal protective equipment among dentists working at the royal medical services

The assessment of compliance with using personal protective equipment among a group of military dentists. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a total of 100 military dentists. The questionnaire comprised of two parts. The first included five general questions related to the duration of dental experience, gender, professional rank, frequency of recording medical history of patients, in addition to the availability of infection control policy in their departments. The second part was further subdivided into four sections concerned with the use of different personal protective equipment including masks, white coat, gloves and protective glasses. Of the total 100 questionnaires, the response rate was 87%. The majority of the dentists were male general practitioners. Only 57 [65.5%] of them recorded the medical history routinely and only 12 [13.7%] had an infection control policy in their department. The majority of the above mentioned dentists [94.2%] always wore gloves but only 81.6% of them changed their gloves after each patient. About 67.8% of the dentists always wore masks while treating their patients but only 10.3% of them changed the mask after each patient. Most of the dentists [97.7%] wore white coats and approximately half of them [50.57%] never used eyeglasses or protective face shields. Military dentists show good compliance with the use of personal protective equipment; however, some dentists do not utilize the full range of infection control procedures. The development of an infection control manual, in addition to continuous education with adequate supplies of personal protective equipment are necessary to reduce the risk of cross infection in dental clinics

Oral health status and dental treatment needs among Non-Institutionalized psyciatric patients

To describe the oral health status among non-institutionalized patients with chronic psychiatric illnesses receiving long-term anti-psychotic and anti-depressant medications and to compare the oral health satus whith a matched group without such history. Forty psychiatric outpatients were selected as astudy group based on having chronic psychotic illness and on neuroleptic medications for at least two years. The control group consisted of 40 healthy dental patients who were selected to match the study group by age and gender, and for both groups 20 teeth excluding the third molars should be present. Demographic characteristics, smoking and brushing habits in addition to dental examination including decayed, missed filled teeth, plaque index and periodntal treatment needs according to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs were recorded for each patient in both groups. Psychiatric diagnosis for the study group revealed that 57% were having schizophrenia and 43% mood disorders, the mean duration of illness was 11 years. The mean age was 34.8 years for the study group and 34.6 years for the control group with a male female ratio of 1:1 in both groups. Dry mouth was the chief complaint among 40% of the psychiatric patients while dental pain was the main complaint among 60% of the control group. The mean indices for the study vs. control groups were as follows, [9.07 vs 8.65] for the decayed-missed-filled-teeth, [1.96 vs. 1.55] for the plaque index and [2.3 vs. 1.97] for the periodontal treatment needs. Filled teeth and plaque index score-0 were significantly greater in the control group, while plaque index score-3 and periodontal treatment need sore-1 were significantly greater in the study group. About 47.5% of the psychiatric patients were smokers compared to 30% of the control group. Regarding brushing habits, 50% of the psychiatric patients never brushed their teeth while 60% of the control groups brush their teeth once or twice daily. Oral health status of chronic psychiatric outpatiens seems to be worse than that of the mentally healthy population. Mental health professionals should pay more attention to dental care and oral health needs of the psychiatric outpatients