ABSTRACT
Objective: to analyze the histopathological pattern of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in pediatric age group at King Hussein Medical Center
Method: a retrospective study of record review was carried out at King Hussein Medical Center during the period from January 2007 to September 2014 for all pediatric patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome who underwent percutaneous kidney biopsy. Medical records were reviewed for age, sex, symptoms treatment and histopathological diagnosis
Results: one hundred children with the diagnosis of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome were included in the study. 54% were males. The age ranges between 1-14 years. The most frequent symptom was puffiness of the eyes and lower limbs swelling. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common histopathological pattern [54%], followed by minimal change disease [25%]. Alport syndrome was found in [2%]; however minimal change disease accounted only for [12%] after the age of 10 years
Conclusion: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the most common cause of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome; which emphasize the importance of histopathological diagnosis in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome for both treatment and prognosis
ABSTRACT
Dead Sea has 33.7% salinity which makes it one of the saltiest water on earth. Drowning and swallowing Dead Sea water with its high content of minerals affects significantly the electrolytes balance in the body. We report a nine year old boy who drown in the dead sea and developed secondary life threatening sever hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia causing abnormal cardiac rhythm; he is successfully treated with hemodialysis. Physician who treat patients drown in the Dead Sea has to be aware of electrolyte abnormalities especially for calcium and magnesium and the proper method of management including hemodialysis or hemofiltration