ABSTRACT
To access the Antioxidant Status in Patient with Variation in Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 90 selected patients suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [DM] and 30 subjects as control group. Case Control Study, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. July 2013 - March 2014. Out of 120 selected subjects, 90 were of DM type 2and 30 were assigned as control group [group 1]. Based on duration, patients of DM type 2 were divided into; group 2, 3 and 4; group 2 - patients with DM [type 2] duration less than 5 years, group 3 - with DM duration between 5-10 years and group 4-with duration of DM more than 10 years. Smokers, renal failure, coronary artery disease, thyroid disease and previous antioxidant treatment patients were excluded from the study. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was diagnosed according to the standards set by American Diabetes Association. The fasting plasma glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method; HbA1c by automated kit on Cobas Integra of Roche. The TAC was measured by calorimetric TAC Assay Kit [BioVision] while Vitamin C and E were measured by using ELISA Kit [HUMAN]. Cut off values for HbA1c was taken as ;6%; FBS 110 mg/dl; TAC 1.16 mmol/L; Vitamin C 2 mg/dl; Vitamin E 9.5nmol/ml. As the duration of type 2 diabetes increases, it was seen that vitamin C levels and TAC levels in all groups except between groups 1 and 2 decreased significantly; however, anti-oxidant vitamin E, was found to be significantly decreased in all the groups as the duration increases. A significantly increased level of HbA1c were noticed in groups 2, 3 and 4 as compared to group 1 as the duration of diabetes increases; however, the levels were found to be non-significant when group 4 was compared with that of group 2 and group 3. When fasting blood sugar was compared between the diabetic groups a significant increased levels were noticed in all the groups with the exception between group 3 and 4. A significant differences between each group and within the groups was observed when HbA1c, vitamin E, vitamin C, and TAC were compared using ANOVA. A statistical significant correlation was observed when HbA1c was correlated with FBS; however, it shows an inverse relationship with TAC, vitamin C and vitamin E. A significant inverse correlation of FIBS was noticed with TAC, vitamin C, and vitamin E. A significant positive correlation was seen when TAC was correlated with vitamin C and vitamin E. A similar trend of significant positive correlation was seen when vitamin C was correlated with vitamin E. The levels of total anti-oxidant capacity, vitamin C, and vitamin E gradually decrease with duration of diabetes and are associated with oxidative stress. These antioxidant vitamins [vitamin C and vitamin E] should be supplemented in diabetics to increase their quality of life. TAC status may be taken as early marker to detect complications in diabetic type 2 patients especially of longer duration