Ergonomic hazards to dental surgeons: a cross-sectional study

Ergonomics is the working condition which facilitates the performance of labor and promotes worker's welfare. Dentists all around the world have been challenged with issues related to the musculoskeletal system. Mostly musculo - skeletal problems start during the learning period of the dentist and then continue throughout his/her life, affecting spine, neck, shoulders, hands and other body parts. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of graduate and postgraduate dental students about the role of ergonomics in dentistry and to evaluate the presence of any pain I discomfort during the last twelve months

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 dental graduate and postgraduate students working in Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi using the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. All of the respondents endorsed the significance of maintaining an ideal posture during their clinical activities. However, 65% reported that they seldom assumed an ideal posture during work. About 70% of the participating dentists reported one or more episodes of musculoskeletal disorders over the last 12 months. The highest frequency was observed for lower back ache [65%] followed by neck pain [53.3%] and pain in wrist I hand [37.5%]. A positive correlation was found between the musculoskeletal disorders and the average working hours per week [P<0.05]

Integrated care of modifiable risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke can improve the reproductivity of state

To identify modifiable risk factors in patient with ischemic stroke in tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted in Medical Unit-I, II, III, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi from 21[st] September 2006 - 21[st] March 2007. All patients admitted during six months period, who met the inclusion criteria of recent ischemic stroke, were analyzed according to questionnaire for six selected variable i.e hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia and cardiac disorder. Average age of patient was 65. 57 years. Hypertension involved in 76.6%, diabetes mellitus 53%, cigarette smoking in 31.7%, 13.3% patients were obese , hyperlipimedia found in 48.3% patients and cardiac disorder in 5%patients. Combination of hypertension and smoking was found in 38.46%, combination of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia in 44.23% and combination of diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia in 17.31% patients. Among the six risk factors analyzed, data revealed a significant effect of hypertension. Other contributing risk factors in order of frequency were diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity and cardiac disorders. Combinations of risk factors i.e hypertension and smoking, or combination of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, or combination of diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia were the commonly occurring comorbidities in patients presented with ischemic stroke

Biomanagement of root knot nematode through non edible oil seed cakes infesting cicer arietinum L.

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different oil cakes against the root knot nematode. Root knot nematodes are the major agricultural pest of wide range of crops worldwide. Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., family Fabaceae, is a high yielding proteinaceous pulse crop with India being the leading producer. Root knot nematodes are one of the major biological constraint that reduces per capita yield of this pulse crops. In the present investigation, studies were made to determine the efficacy of different oil cakes viz. Azadirachta indica (Neem), Brassica campestris (Mustard) and Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton). Two doses (50 and 100 g) of each neem, mustard and cotton oil cakes were applied to reduce nematode infestation in chickpea. Results revealed that root gall development due to Meloidogyne incognita were significantly reduced in all the treatments and enhance all the plant growth characters of C.arietinum. Higher dose of neem oil cake was found to be most effective as compared to other treatments. Hence, it may be concluded that oil cakes are better substitute against nematicide for the effective control of root-knot nematode and reduce environmental hazards for ecologically safe environment.