ABSTRACT
Baizhusan， derived from Key to Medicines and Patterns of Children's Diseases （《小儿药证直诀》） by QIAN Yi in Song dynasty， is a classical prescription that has been highly praised by doctors and widely used in clinical practice. It was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （the second batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） in 2022. In this paper， the ancient documents related to Baizhusan were collected by bibliographical research， and the source， composition， herb origin and processing， dosage， decocting method， administration method， functions and indications of the prescription were analyzed and verified. A total of 211 ancient documents on Baizhusan were obtained， involving 116 ancient TCM books. It was found that there were many prescriptions named Baizhusan in ancient times， but the prescription named Baizhusan and composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Pogostemonis Herba， Aucklandiae Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Puerariae Lobatae Radix was first seen in Key to Medicines and Patterns of Children's Diseases， and is now generally known as Qiweibaizhusan. The composition and functions of Baizhusan were unified in past dynasties， and its herb origin and processing were basically clear. However， there was a dispute on the processing of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， which was solved by recommended use of soil-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Boasting the functions of tonifying spleen， replenishing Qi， harmonizing stomach and promoting fluid production， Baizhusan treated a variety of symptoms such as diarrhea， consumptive thirst and loss of appetite， which were consistent in ancient and modern literature， but attention should be attached to the basic pathogenesis of spleen deficiency and fluid inadequacy. In addition， considerable disagreements were also observed about the dosage and decocting method of Baizhusan in the documents， and the combination ratio of Baizhusan in another version of Key to Medicines and Patterns of Children's Diseases of Wuyingdian Zhenben was the dominant standard for drug use in past dynasties.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveThrough the review of the literature about Asari Radix et Rhizoma， we extracted the key information affecting the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma， aiming to provide a basis for the rational application of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in the classical prescriptions. MethodThe bibliometric method was employed to analyze the ancient and modern literature and thus reveal the relationship of Asari Radix et Rhizoma toxicity with the medicinal plants， medicinal part， processing method， dosage form， prescription compatibility， medication method， and patients' physical factors. ResultThe dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Danggui Sinitang and Houpo Mahuangtang was 9 g and 6 g， respectively， and the decocting time should be longer than 120 min. The single dosage of Asari Radix et Rhizoma in Xinyisan， Sanbitang， Daqinjiao Tang， and Qingshang Juantongtang were 0.8， 1.2， 0.9， and 1.1 g， respectively. The rhizome of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum or A. sieboldii var. seou1ense should be selected for Danggui Sinitang， Houpo Mahuangtang， and Qingshang Juantongtang， while that of A. siebodii var. seou1ense should be selected for Xinyisan. In terms of processing， Asari Radix et Rhizoma can be processed with wine when being used in Danggui Sinitang， Houpo Mahuangtang， Sanbitang， and Daqinjiaotang， and it can be stir-fried when being used in Xinyisan and Qingshang Juantongtang. In addition， the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma is associated with the compatibility of drugs and the physical conditions of patients. ConclusionBy reviewing the literature on Asari Radix et Rhizoma toxicity， we obtained the key information affecting the toxicity of Asari Radix et Rhizoma and explored the effective ways to avoid the toxicity. This study provides a sufficient basis for the rational development and safe application of the classical prescriptions containing Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
Through analyzing the origin and evolution of the thunder-fire moxibustion therapy, the mysteries and misunderstandings of it were revealed. As a result, a more objective and comprehensive recognition of this ancient therapy was displayed to the people nowadays. The thunder-fire moxibustion therapy maybe originate from the Taoism magic arts before the Dynasty and became matured in the middle of the Dynasty. Two categories were divided during the long-term evolution in the history. In one category, the peach twig was taken as the moxa material rather than moxa stick and the incantation of Taoism remained. Regarding the other category, the herbal medicine was mixed in the moxa stick and the herbal composition was relatively specified. The incantation was removed. The moxibustion in the first category vanished at the end of the Dynasty. The latter one kept on development from the middle of the Dynasty through the modern times. Additionally, the herbal composition of moxa material has been modified; the indication enlarged and the operation improved. This therapy is still developed and applied by many doctors at the present times.