ABSTRACT
Avaliaram-se, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, o perfil epidemiológico, os sinais clínicos, as técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas e a recuperação de cães apresentados para tratamento de luxação de patela no Hospital Veterinário da UFMG, no período de 2000 a 2010. Utilizaram-se as fichas clínico-cirúrgicas dos cães e registraram-se os dados referentes a cada animal. Foram estudadas 342 articulações nos registros de 210 animais. A luxação medial congênita bilateral foi a apresentação mais frequente, e as fêmeas foram mais acometidas. A idade dos animais variou de 32 dias a 16 anos, com maior ocorrência da luxação nos animais com até um ano de idade e massa corporal inferior a 9,1kg. Em 11,7% dos membros, a luxação era de grau I, em 39,8% grau II, em 20,5% grau III e em 28% grau IV. A frequência de claudicação pré-operatória foi maior nos cães com luxações graus III e IV. Das 342 articulações, 218 foram submetidas à cirurgia. Na avaliação pós-operatória, os animais com luxação grau IV mostraram maior frequência de claudicação. A luxação patelar acomete principalmente fêmeas, sendo a luxação congênita bilateral a apresentação mais comum, e animais jovens e de pequeno porte são mais susceptíveis. A recuperação funcional pós-operatória nas luxações grau IV é lenta e parcial.
The epidemiological profile, clinical signs, and surgical techniques used and the recovery of dogs presented for treatment of patellar luxation in the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG in the period from 2000 to 2010 were evaluated through a retrospective study. The clinical and surgical records of dogs and the data recorded for each animal were used. 342 joints in the records of 210 animals were studied. The congenital bilateral medial luxation was the most frequent occurrence and females were more affected. The age of the animals ranged from 32 days to 16 years, with higher incidence of luxation in animals under one year of age and body mass below 9.1kg. In 11.7% of the members had grade I luxation, 39.8% were grade II, 20.5% were grade III and 28% were grade IV. The frequency of preoperative claudicating was higher in dogs with luxation grades III and IV. Of the 342 joints, 218 underwent surgery. In the postoperative evaluation of animals, those with grade IV luxation showed higher claudicating frequency. The patellar luxation mainly affects females, and the bilateral congenital luxation is the most common occurrence, and young and small animals are more likely to have it. Functional recovery postoperative luxation in grade IV is slow and partial.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Intermittent Claudication/epidemiology , Intermittent Claudication/pathology , Intermittent Claudication/veterinary , Patellar Dislocation/diagnosis , Patellar Dislocation/epidemiology , Patellar Dislocation/veterinaryABSTRACT
The objectives of the present study were to describe and compare the body composition variables determined by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and the deuterium dilution method (DDM), to identify possible correlations and agreement between the two methods, and to construct a linear regression model including anthropometric measures. Obese adolescents were evaluated by anthropometric measures, and body composition was assessed by BIA and DDM. Forty obese adolescents were included in the study. Comparison of the mean values for the following variables: fat body mass (FM; kg), fat-free mass (FFM; kg), and total body water (TBW; percent) determined by DDM and by BIA revealed significant differences. BIA overestimated FFM and TBW and underestimated FM. When compared with data provided by DDM, the BIA data presented a significant correlation with FFM (r = 0.89; P < 0.001), FM (r = 0.93; P < 0.001) and TBW (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed no agreement for FFM, FM or TBW between data provided by BIA and DDM. The linear regression models proposed in our study with respect to FFM, FM, and TBW were well adjusted. FFM obtained by DDM = 0.842 x FFM obtained by BIA. FM obtained by DDM = 0.855 x FM obtained by BIA + 0.152 x weight (kg). TBW obtained by DDM = 0.813 x TBW obtained by BIA. The body composition results of obese adolescents determined by DDM can be predicted by using the measures provided by BIA through a regression equation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Body Composition/physiology , Deuterium Oxide , Obesity/physiopathology , Electric Impedance , Indicator Dilution Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Linear ModelsABSTRACT
We investigated whether liver injury by dual exposure to ethanol and carbon tetrachloride (EtOH + CCl4) for 15 weeks would persist after hepatotoxic agents were removed (EtOH + CCl4/8wR). After 15 weeks of hepatic injury with ethanol (5.5 percent, m/v) and carbon tetrachloride (0.05, mL/kg, ip), 5 of 11 female Wistar rats were sacrificed. The other 6 rats were maintained for an additional 8 weeks without hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasonography showed increased liver echogenicity and dilation of portal vein caliber in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 0.22 ± 0.01 cm, P < 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 0.21 ± 0.02 cm, P < 0.01) vs control (0.16 ± 0.02 cm). Histopathology showed regenerative nodules in both experimental groups. Histomorphometry revealed increased fibrosis content in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 12.6 ± 2.64 percent, P < 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 10.4 ± 1.36 percent, P < 0.05) vs control (2.2 ± 1.21 percent). Collagen types I and III were increased in groups EtOH + CCl4 (collagen I: 2.5 ± 1.3 percent, P < 0.01; collagen III: 1.3 ± 0.2 percent, P < 0.05) and EtOH + CCl4/8wR (collagen I: 1.8 ± 0.06 percent, P < 0.05; collagen III: 1.5 ± 0.8 percent, P < 0.01) vs control (collagen I: 0.38 ± 0.11 percent; collagen III: 0.25 ± 0.06 percent). Tissue transglutaminase increased in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 66.4 ± 8 percent, P < 0.01; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 58.8 ± 21 percent, P < 0.01) vs control (7.9 ± 0.8 percent). Cirrhosis caused by the association of CCl4-EtOH remained for at least 8 weeks after removal of these hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasound images can be a useful tool to evaluate advanced hepatic alterations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Ethanol/toxicity , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Estudou-se o efeito da superalimentação no desenvolvimento do esqueleto de 14 cães da raça Dogue Alemão, utilizando dieta hipercalórica (ração super-premium) associada ao método de alimentação à vontade. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois tratamentos, sendo a ração fornecida à vontade ou restrita. O consumo de alimento foi registrado diariamente e realizaram-se, mensalmente, radiografias do cotovelo e, bimestralmente, do ombro, do quadril e do carpo, visando acompanhar alterações do esqueleto, especificamente quanto ao aparecimento da osteocondrose do ombro e da metáfise distal da ulna, da osteodistrofia hipertrófica e da displasia coxofemoral (DCF). Ao final do experimento, seis cães do grupo que recebeu alimentação à vontade apresentaram-se gordos (87,7 por cento) e um animal obeso (14,3 por cento). Do grupo de alimentação restrita, três filhotes mostraram condição corporal ideal (42,8 por cento), e quatro apresentaram-se magros (57,2 por cento). O exame radiológico revelou alterações compatíveis com o diagnóstico de DCF nos dois grupos; nos alimentados à vontade, a prevalência foi de 51,1 por cento e nos restritos, de 28,6 por cento. A osteocondrose na metáfise distal da ulna, conhecida como retenção do núcleo cartilaginoso, foi observada apenas nos cães alimentados à vontade (57,1 por cento). A superalimentação provocada pelo método de alimentação à vontade, associada com dieta de alta palatabilidade e alta densidade energética em filhotes da raça Dogue Alemão, induziu ao aparecimento de osteocondrose na metáfise distal da ulna e de displasia coxofemoral.
The effects of overfeeding on growing Great Dane puppies were examined by ad libitum feeding of a hypercaloric diet (super premium ration). Fourteen puppies from six litters were divided into two groups, with representation from each litter in each group. The dogs in the overfed group were provided ad libitum access to the diet from 8 AM to 6 PM daily, while the restricted group received the same feed but in amounts recommended by the manufacturer at 7 AM, 12:30 PM and 5 PM. Daily intake was individually recorded. To monitor skeletal changes due to osteochondrosis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy and hip dysplasia, elbow radiographs were taken monthly and shoulder, pelvis and corpus radiographs were taken bi-monthly. Weekly feed consumption and weight gain were greater in ad libitum than in restricted puppies (P<0.01). At the end of the experiment, 85.7 percent of the ad libitum group was over weight and 14.3 percent was obese, whereas 57.2 percent of restricted puppies were slim and 42.8 percent had ideal body weight. None of the dogs had hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Radiographic examination showed alterations compatible with hip dysplasia in both groups, but such observations were more frequent and more severe in the ad libitum group. Osteochondrosis of metaphisis distal ulna, known by the retention of cartiloginous nucleus, was observed only in the ad libitum group, at a rate of 57.1 percent. The thickness of the cortical and diameter of the ulna were greater (P<0.01) in ad libitum dogs than in those fed a restricted amount of the same diet. In summary, overfeeding caused by ad libitum access to a highly palatable and high energy food caused osteochondrosis and hip dysplasia in Great Dane puppies.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Hip Dysplasia, Canine/diagnosis , Hip Dysplasia, Canine/epidemiology , Osteochondritis/diagnosis , Osteochondritis/epidemiology , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Ulna/pathologyABSTRACT
Os autores relatam um caso de hemangioma cavernoso de figado, fazem uma revisao da literatura e discutem o papel dos metodos de diagnostico pr imagem na indentificacao desta lesao