prevalence of Alzheimer's disease preventive behaviors in elderly people, Yazd, Iran

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease [AD] is a chronic condition characterized by gradual decline of mental abilities and behavioral disorders, which decreases the quality of life in elderly people. The aim of this study was to evaluate behaviors that may prevent elderly people from AD in Yazd

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 people aged from 60 to 70 years in Yazd. Cluster random sampling method was used for selecting the participants. Data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic information and questions on AD preventive behaviors [physical activity, mental activity, nutrition, and social interaction]. The score range of each part and the overall behavior score was from zero to 100. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and application of descriptive and inferential statistical methods

Results: The mean score of preventive behaviors was 44.6. The highest mean score [56.48] was for nutrition while the lowest mean score [32.03] was for mental activity. Only 15 % of the studied elderly consumed fruit regularly in their diet, which was followed by consumption of vegetable, 11.4 % and fish 9.1 %. There was a significant positive correlation between education level and behavior score [p < 0.001]. However, there was no statistically significant gender difference [p > 0.05] in mean scores of the overall behavior and scores of married older adults compared to those of divorced or single, had a statistically significant difference [p = 0.007]

Conclusion: The overall AD preventive behaviors in elderly are undesirable, remarkably as noted in physical and mental domains. The majority of participants did not regularly have fruits, vegetables, and fish in their daily and weekly diets. Numerous socio-demographic factors affect these behaviors. More studies are required to identify barriers of healthy behaviors

Fear of falling and social participation in the elderlies in Mobarakeh, Isfahan Province, Iran

Introduction: Due to the Increasing elderly population and the high prevalence of psychological, social and physical problems among them, this study was conducted to determine fear of falling and social participation status among elderly people in Mobarakeh city, Isfahan province, Iran in 2016

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 300 elderly residents of Mobarakeh city were randomly recruited by cluster sampling. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Falls Efficacy Scale-International form and social participation scale of Canadian Community Health Survey. Mini Mental State Examination also was used to diagnose cognitive disorders. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient

Results: The mean age of participants was 70.83 +/- 8.68 years and the mean score of fear of falling was 33.25 +/- 16.37 [16-64]. Regarding the fear level, 22.3 % had no fear, 34.3 % low fear, 20 % moderate fear, and 23% a high fear of falling. Mean score of social participation was 16 +/- 4.63 [8-40]. The most frequently reported social participation activity was attending religious ceremonies [99.7 %] while the least was attending professional and social forums [79.3 %]. There was an inverse significant correlation between fear of falling and social participation [r = -0.421, p < 0.01]

Conclusion: Level of fear of falling in the elderlies was moderate while social participation was low. By using preventive measures, effective education, psychological and social interventions, disease-control programs and removing the existing obstacles, the fear of falling could be reduced and social participation could be promoted among the elderlies

Williams-Beuren Syndrome: manifestation with attention deficit hyper activity disorder and voiding dysfunction with kidney anomalies;good response to Ritalin

Williams-Beuren syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disease, in which mental retardation is common with this submicroscopic chromosomal deletion genetically disease. We reported a boy with Williams-Beuren syndrome and highlighted the clinical characteristics and response to treatment with Ritaline of such an individual with ADHD and voiding dysfunction. The patient was a six year-old boy with typical presentation of WBS and some psychiatric problems referred because of hyperactivity symptom and attention deficit. Children with mental retardation and WBS have a comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and kidney anomalies. Williams-Beuren syndrome can present with hyperactivity and Ritalin can improve some symptoms and voiding dysfunction

frequency of premature ejaculation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is identified by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of organic etiology. Premature ejaculation is the most common male sexual disorder. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of premature ejaculation disorders in patients with IBS referred to a gastrointestinal clinic in Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2012. Of all the menreferred to the gastrointestinal clinic, those with a diagnosis of IBS [based on Rome-II criteria] were interviewed. Premature ejaculation disorder based on DSM-FV-TR criteria was documented by psychiatry interview. History of psychiatric diseases of the patients and their family were assessed by interview done by a psychiatrist. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software [version 16]. Descriptive statistics, inferential tests, and Chi-square test were used for analyses. One hundred and fifty two men with IBS were evaluated. Based on the Rome-II criteria, 89 [58.6%] patients were suffering from premature ejaculation disorder. Fifty nine [38.8%] patients expressed drug addiction. Sixty eight [44.7%] had a history of psychiatric disease in the past and 84 [55.3%] patients stated they were not suffering from any psychiatric diseases. Forty six [30.3%] patients had a history of psychiatric disease in their family, and 106 [69.7%] did not have any history of psychiatric disorder. High frequency of premature ejaculation in patients with IBS with a family history of psychiatric disorder and severe stress during the past year suggested that there was a relationship between factors contributing to psychiatric disorders [neurotransmitters, environmental factors, and genetics] and premature ejaculation. Premature ejaculation is more common in patients with IBS. Drug abuse, family history of psychiatric disorder, and severe emotional stress during the past year, significantly increase the frequency of premature ejaculation

Psychotic symptoms during hepatitis a infection: a rare case report from Iran

Psychosis, a relatively common condition that affects 3%-5% percent of the population, occurs in a variety of diagnostic contexts. Various medical conditions may lead to the development of psychotic symptoms. To date psychotic disorders due to infection with hepatitis A virus [HAV] have been rarely reported. In this paper, we described an acute psychotic disorder in an 18-year-old male diagnosed with hepatitis A infection . He presented with complaints nausea, vomiting, fever, constipation and abdominal pain of a one week duration. The patient denied a history of substance abuse. Neurological evaluation was normal. Brain CT scan was remarkable for suspicious hyperdense lesions in the basal ganglia, however the EEG was normal. He had visual hallucinations, persecutor/ delusion, disorganized behavior, personality changes, sleep disturbances, and disorganized speech. A psychiatrist diagnosed the patient with psychotic disorder due to HAV and treated him with antipsychotic medications. Following the decline in liver enzyme levels and after several days, the patient became clinically well with regression of his psychiatric signs and schizophrenia-like symptoms. We believe this may be the first reported case of an acute psychotic disorder during active HAV infection. Based on the data we have collected from several references we conclude that the most probable reason for this accompaniment is a type of comorbidity between acute psychotic disorder and HAV infection

Co-morbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder with motor tics in an eight year-old boy

Obsessive-Compulsive Disease [OCD] incidence rate in children and adolescents is about 1-2 percent; males develop the disease more than females and it clearly is associated with attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder [ADHD], depression and body dysmorphic disorder. Regarding the fact that initial diagnosis and treatment of disorders with OCD in children can protect them from further problems in their life, in this study, the premature OCD with motor tic disorder in an 8-year-old boy is reported

[Relation between helicobacter pylori infection with thyroid autoantibodies in dyspeptic patients]

Infections attributed to Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] involve almost half of the world's population. One of the effects is auto-antibody induction and cross-reaction with numerous proteins in the body. As a result of its widespread prevalence and importance, this study evaluates the associations between H. pylori and thyroid auto-antibodies. This study enrolled 100 patients who were candidates for gastroesophageal endoscopy that referred to the Yazd Gastrointestinal Clinic. Patients underwent the following laboratory analyses: urease test, anti-H. pylori [IgG], TSH, T4, T3 and thyroid auto-antibodies [anti-thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxides]. Patients were divided into two groups of H. pylori positive and negative according to the results of the anti-H. pylori IgG and urease tests. The level of thyroid auto-antibodies and thyroid function tests were compared between groups. Data were analyzed with chi-square and t-tests. SPSS software version 17 was used for data analysis. Overall, 61% of patients were H. pylori positive. The mean anti-Thyroid peroxidase level in the H. pylori positive group was significantly more than the negative group [p<0.01]. In addition, 19.7% of H. pylori positive patients and 5.1% of H. pylori negative patients had positive anti-TPO levels, which the difference between both groups was significant [p<0.04]. There was no significant difference in thyroid function between the two groups. Although no significant difference in thyroid function was seen in the two groups more patients tested positive for anti-TPO levels in the H. pylori positive group, which was suggestive of thyroid auto-antibody induction by H. pylori.

[Report of childhood disintegrative disorder in a patient with down syndrome]

Childhood disintegrative disorder [CDD] is one of the least common entities in autistic spectrum. The disorder characterized by clinically significant loss of previously acquired skills, before age 10 years, in a child with apparently normal development for at least the first 2 years after birth. Comorbidity of Down syndrome and autistic disorder is known, however occurrence of childhood disintegrative disorder in Down syndrome is scantly reported. We report a 7 years old boy with Down syndrome, whose acquired skills, such as speech ability and social interactions, were lost during a three months period