Tumor markers: a proteomic approach

This article reviews the recently published data on the diagnosis of cancer with proteomics, including the major proteomics technologies and promising strategies for biomarker discovery and development. Most of the tumor markers are proteins that either numerically increase in response to the alteration of cancer conditions or are produced by cancer cells. However, they are natural compounds ordinarily available in the typical cells to a little extent what are affected by increase of expression due to cancer and its intensity in blood, body fluids or tissues. Tumor markers are substances normally available in body fluids such as serum, urine, blood, and tissues that increase in the desired tissue of cancer patients. Most of tumor markers are proteins that either are produced in response to changes in cancer conditions or are made by the cancer cells. However, most of tumor markers are among the natural compounds of normal cells present in normal conditions in the cell in small amounts and are affected by increase of expression, due to cancer and their levels in the blood, body fluids or tissues

Structural biology: modeling applications and techniques at a glance

As recent advancements in biology shows, the molecular machines specially proteins, RNA and complex molecules play the main role of the so called cell functionality. It means a very big part of the system biology is concerned with the interactions of such molecular components. Drug industries and research institutes are trying hard to better understand the concepts underlying these interactions and are highly dependent on the issues regarding these molecular elements. However the costs for such projects are so high and in many cases these projects will be funded by governments or profit making companies. With this in mind it has to be said that the techniques like stimulation are always a very good candidate to decrease such costs and to provide scientists with a bright future of the project results before undergoing costly experiments. However the costs involved projects that determine an approximation for the problem is not that much high but they are also costly. So it is of utmost importance to invent special techniques for the concept of stimulation that can also decrease the project costs and also predict much accurately. Since the system biology and proteomics as the study of the proteins and their functions are in the center of consideration for the purpose of drug discovery, understanding the cell functionalities and the underlying causes behind diseases; so we need advance software and algorithms that can predict the structure of the molecular components and to provide researchers with the computational tools to analyze such models. In this paper we make review of the importance of molecular modeling, its limitations and applications

Derivation of adipocytes from human endometrial stem cells [EnSCs]

Due to increasing clinical demand for adipose tissue, a suitable cell for reconstructive adipose tissue constructs is needed. In this study, we investigated the ability of Human Endometrial-derived stem cells [EnSCs] as a new source of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into adipocytes. EnSCs are the abundant and easy available source with no immunological response, for cell replacement therapy. Single-cell suspensions of EnSCs were obtained from endometrial tissues from 10 women experiencing normal menstrual cycles, and were cultured at clonal density [10 cells/cm[2]] or limiting dilution. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cell markers were examined flow cytometry. These cells were treated with adipogenicinducing medium for 28 days. The adipogenic differentiation of the EnSC was assessed by cellular morphology and further confirmed by Oil Red O staining and RTPCR. The BM-MSC differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of adipogenic stimuli for 3 weeks. The flow cytometric analysis showed that the cells were positive for CD90, CD105, CD146 and were negative for CD31, CD34.We showed that the key adipocytes marker PPARa was expressed in mRNA level after 28 days post treatment [PT]. According to our finding, it can be concluded that EnSCs represent a useful in vitro model for human adipogenesis, and provide opportunities to study the stages prior to commitment to the adipocyte lineage