Critical evaluation of promotional drug literature based on the WHO criteria

Background: Pharmaceutical companies use drug promotional literature (DPL) as an important mode to promote their products and it also influences the prescribing behavior of prescribers. However, information provided in promotional literature may be inadequate or misleading which may lead to irrational prescribing. The WHO has provided ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken with the aim to analyze the promotional drug literature for their compliance to the WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion, 1988. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was carried out to evaluate the extent to which promotional literature collected from private physicians meet the WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. A total of 100 promotional literature were evaluated for their fulfillment of the WHO criteria. Results: Information regarding brand name, generic name of drugs, dosage form, therapeutic uses, and active ingredient per dosage form was present in most of the promotional drug literature in the present study. However, the information such as safety profile of drugs, precautions, warnings, and drug interactions was not mentioned in most of the DPLs. Conclusion: The majority of DPLs evaluated in this study did not comply with the WHO guidelines for medical drug promotion. As prescribing behavior of physicians is influenced by promotional literatures, regular training of health professionals and medical students regarding critical analysis of DPLs can help in ethical and rational prescribing.

Analysis Of Adverse Drug Events Reported At Peripheral Adr Monitoring Centre In Gujarat

Objective: Hospital-based ADR (Adverse drug reaction) monitoring and reporting programmes are useful for identifying and minimizing preventable ADRs and may enhance the ability of prescribers to manage ADRs more effectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyze the spontaneously reported adverse drug events from various departments of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad. Methods: This was a retrospective study and data was analyzed for adverse drug events reported during the period of April 2018 to March 2019 from various departments of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad. Analysis was done on the basis of the demographic profile of patients, health care professionals who have reported and drugs causing ADRs, with their causality assessment using WHO probability scale. Results: Out of 36 patients, 20 (55.55%) were males and 16 (44.44%) were females. Antibiotics were the most common culprit group of drugs for reported ADRs in 21 patients. The number of ADRS related to the skin was 21 (58.33%) followed by GIT 11 (30.55%), cardiovascular 2(5.55%) and neuronal 2(5.55%). According to WHO causality assessment scale 01 (2.77%) of the suspected ADR was certain, 27(75%) were probable and 8 (22.22%) were possible. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the most commonly reported ADRs were dermatological reactions like itching and rashes. Antimicrobials were the most common drug group involved in causing ADRs. Even though there were continuous efforts for adverse drug event reporting awareness, still there is need to sensitize health care professionals to improve reporting.

Endodontic Management Of Dental Pain In An Inhibitor Positive, Severe Hemophilia A Patient: A Brief Review And Report Of A Case

Dental health care providers often have to deal with patients requiring special care during treatment planning, and certain precautions while carrying out the procedures, and patients with bleeding disorders are one of them. Hemophilia, an X-linked blood dyscrasia, is the most common bleeding disorder. While hemophilia-A is a deficiency of factor VIII, hemophilia-B (Christmas disease) is a deficiency of factor IX. The present paper presents a case discussing endodontic management of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpits in an inhibitor positive severe hemophilia-A patient. As such patients may require administration of inferior alveolar nerve blocks, so adequate factor levels should be ensured before initiation of local anesthetics. Furthermore, the authors have tried to highlight the barriers to oral health care suffered by such patients and the larger role played by the physicians and oral health care providers in the prevention, early detection, and timely intervention in these cases.

Management Of Complicated Crown Fracture By Reattachment With Super Bond: A Case Series

Coronal fracture of teeth is a prevalent form of dental trauma. Mainly it affects anterior teeth due to accidental injury, but sometimes posterior teeth may also get affected. The immediate restoration of the original fractured segment not only offers an alternative treatment in the emergency but also restores patient’s emotional and functional problem. Reattachment of the fractured fragment, if it is available can provide excellent and long-lasting esthetics because it maintains tooth original contour, anatomy, and surface texture. If fracture line is subgingival, then one of the main problems during reattachment is isolation. Super bond is a new adhesive material which can be used successfully to stabilize the fragment even if the isolation is compromised. This article reports on the treatment of three coronal fractures at various levels by fiber post and a new adhesive material, Super bond

The Use of Dentascan to Diagnose and Treat Mandibular Premolar with Multiple Canals.

Introduction: For successful endodontic therapy it is vital to have thorough knowledge of morphology of the root canal system and its variations besides proficient aseptic intraoperative condition. Mandibular second premolars are usually single rooted tooth with single root canal system. The incidence of the number of roots and the number of canals varies greatly in the literature. Methods and Results: This case report describes an unusual case of mandibular second premolar with two roots and five root canals. This was confirmed by radiographs, dentascan and dental operating microscope (DOM), and was successfully treated using K files system, guttapercha and AH plus sealer in lateral condensation manner. Conclusion: The clinical significance of this case report is that the precise awareness about the aberrant morphologies of the root canal system can only be appreciated when advanced radiographic techniques, magnification and illumination are used to treat such type of cases.