prevalence and antenatal screening of beta thalassaemia trait in pregnancy by naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test

To evaluate the prevalence of Beta Thalassaemia Trait [BTT] detected by Naked Eye Single Tube Red cell Osmotic Fragility Test [NESTROFT]. We also highlight the validity and importance of this test for antenatal screening of BTT to prevent incidence of Beta Thalassaemia major in our community as well as differentiating the BTT, BTT with coexisting iron deficiency anemia and only iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Experimental and observational study. This study was conducted at Pathology and Gynae-Obs Out Patient departments of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women [PUMHSW] Hospital, Shaheed Benazirabad from February 2013 to February 2014. Total 461 pregnant women with their age ranged between 18 - 42 years including multigravida and primigravida as well as first trimester to second trimester of pregnancy were selected. The family history of thalassaemia and history of cousin marriages were noted. 4ml of anti-coagulated whole blood and 2ml of clotted blood samples were collected from each pregnant women and sent to the pathology department for NESTROFT testing, and later tested for Complete Blood Count [CBC] along with peripheral blood smear stained with Leishman's stained on the 2 to 3 slides as enhanced tool for BTT case finding while estimation of serum Ferritin were done from the clotted blood sample. Screening for BTT was done on Naked Eye Single Tube Red cell Osmotic Fragility Test [NESTROFT] with 0.36% freshly prepared saline. The diagnosis of BTT was confirmed on automated Hemoglobin Electrophoresis at cellulose acetate alkaline pH from the 2ml of clotted blood in NESTROFT positive cases. Out of total 461 pregnant women with their mean age 30 +/- 12, 30 were diagnose with BTT, out of 18 [54.5%] women were married with their cousins, neither the family history of Beta thalassaemia major was present nor husband of any women was carrier of thalassaemia. NESTROFT showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and efficiency of 84%, 98.6%, 82%, 99% and 93% respectively. The laboratory parameters such as The mean values of hemoglobin g/dl, RBC count millions/cmm, PCV%, MCV fl, MCH pg, MCHC g/dl among these subjects were 11.9 g/dl, 4.5 millions/cmm, 82 fl, 38.7%, 26.9 pg, 33.2 g/dl respectively were showed in cases of BTT and co-existent iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Coexistent iron deficiency anemia did not preclude diagnosis of beta thalassaemia major. The prevalence of BTT in pregnant women is 6.5% and NESTROFT is a valuable, cost effective screening test for beta thalassaemia trait in pregnancy with cousin marriage ratio of 54.6%. The significant difference of hematological parameters in BTT alone, BTT coexistence iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency anemia alone were founded in our study

Prevalence and proportion of anemia in pregnant women suffering from malaria

To find out the prevalence and proportion of anemia in pregnant women suffering from malaria. The aims and objectives of our study were to evaluate prevalence and proportion of anemia in pregnant women with malaria among the patients visiting the tertiary hospital PUMHS Hospital, Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazirabad so as to give awareness of these complications to doctors to ensure early diagnosis, prevention and prompt treatment of such cases. Descriptive observational study. This study was conducted at Outpatient Department of MMCH Hospital and Department of Pathology from April 2012 to February 2013. Study includes total 120 cases of malaria, diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. The hematological complications like anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were studied in these patients. Out of 120, 64 patients were anemic. We divided pregnant women into 5 groups, 40 patients were in 16 - 20 years age group and amongst them 55% patients were anemic, 34 patients were in 21 - 25 years age group and amongst them 50% were suffering from anemia, 22 patients were in age group 26-30 and amongst them 22 % anemic, 15 cases were in age group 31 - 35 and out of them 46% were anemic and in age group 36-40 years 46 percent were anemic. Overall there were 53% anemic patients in total of 120. According to the occupation status majority were daily wages laborers and farmers and other were housewives. Out of 120 patients most of them were Multigravida. Most of the patients were suffering from anemia, 76% patients had Leucocytosis with Neutrophillia, 74 percent patients had complication of Lymphocytosis, 80 percent of patients had decreased level of monocytes and 60 percent had decreased level of platelets. All the patients were suffering from fever and associated symptoms of chills, sweating, feeling of hotness and coldness, 63 percent had back pain, 45 percent had headache and 23 percent had complication of Spleenomegaly. The diagnosis of malaria was made on clinical grounds and confirmed by laboratory findings. The problems of hematological complications as anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were detected among the patient of malaria by determining hemoglobin concentration, complete blood picture and urine examination report. P.vivax malaria is most prevalent variety. Anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia are the most common hematological complications in these patients. It is suggested to ensure i. Effective malaria control program in country, specially interior Sindh. ii. Effective measures for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients. iii. effective health education through electronic and print media

prevalence and proportion of haemato-logical complications of Malaria in distric Shaheed Benazirabad

To find out the prevalence of malaria in district Shaheed Benazirabad [SBA]. To Study the proportion of haematological complications among the patients who present with malaria. This is descriptive and experimental study. This study was conducted at Medical Out Patients Department [OPD] and Pathology Department of PUMHSW Peoples Medical College and Hospital at district [SBA] from April 2008 to September 2010. A total 1200 cases of malaria diagnosed on basis of clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. The proportion of haemotological complication including anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia among these patients were also studied. Out of 1200 patients, 700 [58.33%] were children and remaining 500 [41.77] were adults. Ages of these patients including children and adults ranged between 5 to 65 years with a mean of 35 +/- 30 years. Male to female ratio in these patients were 1.1:1. The diagnosis of malaria was made by clinical as well as by laboratory findings. The problem of haematological complications as anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia were detected among the patient with malaria by determination of Haemoglobin Concentration and Complete Blood Count [CBC]. Malaria is more prevalent in district SBA, and many of these patient are children and women. Anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia are common haematological complications in them