Frequency of hepatitis-B and hepatitis-C in liver cirrhosis

To observe the frequency of hepatitis B and C in cases of liver cirrhosis. This descriptive study was conducted in all the Medical wards of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from June 2005 to May 2006. One hundred cases of liver cirrhosis presented through out patient or emergency department in the medicine department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Out of 100 patients, 59 [59%] were male and 41[41%] were female. Majority of the patients [80%] were 20 to 59 years old. HBsAg was positive in 28 [28%] patients, HCV RNA in 43 [43%], both HBsAg and HCV RNA were positive in 06 [06%] and negative in 23 [23%] cases. Most of the patients [46%] were in grade "B" of Modified Child Pugh's classifications, Among them 20 were HCV RNA positive and 15 HBsAg positive, While 20 [20%] were in grade "A" and 34 patients [34%] in grade "C". The risk factors for transmission of HBV and HCV infection were identified in 43% of cases. Chronic HCV is a leading cause of cirrhosis in Bahawalpur, followed by chronic HBV infection. Both the viruses in combination account for about three fourth of the total cirrhotics

Frequency of risk factors in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome to coronary care unit, Bahawal Victoria hospital, Bahawalpur

ACS is a clinical diagnosis encompassing three entities; ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [STEMI], Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [NSTEMI], and Unstable Angina. It is one of the biggest causes of hospital admissions and mortality worldwide. As it is preventable problem, we should know the commonest risk factors and address them simultaneously. The aim of study was to determine the common most risk factors of ACS in local patients. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted at Coronary Care Unit, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. The patients from all ages and both sexes who presented with the diagnosis of ACS during December 2008 to May 2009 were included in the study by convenience sampling technique. The patients having additional medical problem [Advanced congestive cardiac failure, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory failure, autoimmune disorders, connective tissue diseases and end stage kidney disease], which could confound the results, were excluded from the study. During the study period of one year, 320 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken in our analysis. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age was 55.06 +/- 18.79 years. The diagnosis was STEMI in 60 [%], NSTEMI in 98 [%] and UA in 162 [%] at the admission. The top most implicated risk factors observed in our study were male gender [66.87%], hyperlipidemia [60.31%], smoking [55.94%]. At least one of the well knownjconventional risk factors was present in almost all [99.38%] patients of ACS while any four risk factors were present in half of the patients