ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-frequency TENS (LFT) and high-frequency TENS (HFT) in post-episiotomy pain relief. Method: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with placebo composed of 33 puerperae with post-episiotomy pain. TENS was applied for 30 minutes to groups: HFT(100 Hz; 100 µs), LFT (5 Hz; 100 µs), and placebo (PT). Four electrodes were placed in parallel near the episiotomy and four pain evaluations were performed with the numeric rating scale. The first and the second evaluation took place before TENS application and immediately after its removal and were done in the resting position and in the activities of sitting and ambulating. The third and fourth evaluation took place 30 and 60 minutes after TENS removal, only in the resting position. Intragroup differences were verified using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, and the intergroup analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: In the intragroup analysis, there was no significant difference in the PT during rest, sitting, and ambulation (P>0.05). In the HFT and LFT, a significant difference was observed in all activities (P<0.001). In the intergroup analysis, there was a significant difference in the resting position in the HFT and LFT (P<0.001). In the sitting activity, a significant difference was verified in the second evaluation in the HFT and LFT (P<0.008). No significant difference was verified among the groups in ambulation (P<0.20). Conclusions: LFT and HFT are an effective resource that may be included in the routine of maternity wards. .
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Episiotomy , Pain Management/methods , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Double-Blind Method , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methodsABSTRACT
Introdução: O estágio atual dos materiais dentários, especificamente os cimentos resinosos e sistemas cerâmicos tem proporcionado uma ampliação do uso das restaurações adesivas estéticas indiretas. Estas têm se destacado pelas excelentes propriedades ópticas, maior facilidade de restabelecer contorno e contatos proximais durante a confecção da restauração no laboratório, diminuição da contração de polimerização e a maior resistência. Objetivo: Apresentar a sequência clínica de execução de uma onlay cerâmica com ênfase na seleção do sistema cerâmico e cimento resinoso. Relato: Paciente J.C.F.A, 16 anos, apresentou-se na Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFG com extensa restauração de amálgama e fratura da cúspide disto-vestibular no dente 46. A sequência clínica enfatiza a técnica de preparo, polimento do preparo com multiplicador (T2 Revo/Sirona), escolha do sistema cerâmico (sistema IPS Empress Esthetic), técnica de moldagem com duplo fio retrator e silicona de adição e uso do cimento resinoso auto-adesivo (U100, 3M Espe). Resultados: Restauração indireta onlay confeccionada com escolha adequada do sistema cerâmico e correta indicação da técnica com cimento auto-adesivo oferece solução restauradora que equilibra as necessidades funcionais e estéticas nos dentes posteriores.
Introduction: The current status of dental materials, especially resin cements and ceramic systems has provided an expanded use of indirect esthetic restorative. These have been highlighted by the excellent optical properties, the ease restoring contour and proximal contact during the restoration making in laboratory, reduced polymerization contraction and high strength. Objective: To present the clinical sequence of execution of indirect restoration type onlay with emphasis on the selection of ceramic and resin cement systems. Report: JCFA patient, 16 years, presented at UFG School of Clinical Dentistry, with extensive amalgam restoration and cusp fracture on tooth 46. The sequence emphasizes the clinical technique of preparation, polishing with multiplier (T2 Revo / Sirona), choice of ceramic system (IPS Empress Esthetic) impression technique with double wire retractor and addition silicone resin cement and use of self-adhesive (U100, 3M Espe). Results: The indirect ceramic onlay restoration cemented with self-adhesive cement offers restorative solution that balances with functional and esthetic teeth restorations in posterior teeth.