Spontaneous scleral rupture associated with retinochoroidal coloboma / Ruptura espontânea de esclera associada a coloboma coriorretiniano

Abstract We reported a case of ocular hypotony due to spontaneous scleral rupture in retinochoroidal coloboma and the treatment which was performed. This is a prospective case report in which a 21-year-old woman complained of abrupt vision loss in her left eye. Ocular hypotony due to spontaneous scleral rupture in retinochoroidal coloboma was identified through tests. An ultrassonography confirmed the scleral lesion but magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescein angiography have also proven to be useful. Due to the posterior location of the perforation, we opted for a sub-tenon injection of autologous blood and intraocular gas tamponade, which were successful, resulting in improved visual acuity and intraocular pressure. In this case, an alternative to invasive surgical procedure in the treatment of spontaneous scleral perforation and retinochoroidal coloboma was presented.

Resumo Relatamos um caso de hipotensão ocular secundária a ruptura escleral espontânea em coloboma coriorretiniano e o tratamento realizado. Trata-se de estudo de caso prospectivo de uma mulher de 21 anos de idade que se apresentou queixando perda súbita de visão no olho esquerdo. Ao exame, foi evidenciado hipotensão ocular em virtude de ruptura espontânea de esclera em coloboma coriorretiniano. Ultrassonografia confirmou a lesão da esclera embora ressonância magnética e angiofluoresceinografia também tenham sido úteis. Em virtude da localização posterior da perfuração, optamos por injeção sub-tenoniana de sangue autólogo e tamponamento intraocular com gás, que demonstraram ser úteis, resultando em melhora da acuidade visual e da pressão intraocular. Neste caso, apresentamos uma alternativa a procediemnto cirúrgico invasivo para tratamento de perfuração espontânea de esclera em coloboma coriorretiniano.

Pain in the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases

Treatment of vitreoretinal diseases comprises a range of options that has increased in the past several years, allowing more individuals to benefit from new therapeutic approaches. The use of lasers in the retina, new surgical techniques, and intravitreal drug administration constitute common treatment options. These retinal and vitreal procedures have both benefits and drawbacks. Among the drawbacks is discomfort associated with the procedure, constituting a relevant issue because it can compromise adherence to treatment. We reviewed aspects of pain associated with vitreoretinal procedures and the available options for its control. With regard to vitreoretinal procedures, laser photocoagulation is associated with a higher pain score compared with vitrectomy and intravitreal injection using traditional anesthesia methods, suggesting that laser photocoagulation still needs to be improved with regard to comfort during the procedure. In some cases, a combination of analgesic options may be the best choice for pain-sensitive individuals. Individual differences and the specific condition that is treated should be considered when deciding the best treatment option.