ABSTRACT
@# Introduction: Undernutrition among adolescent girls is an important concern due to their rapid growth velocity that requires adequate intake of energy and nutrients. This study compared intake adequacy and dietary diversity between adolescent public schoolgirls from slum areas in Central Jakarta who had normal and poor nutritional status. Methods: A total of 220 eligible girls aged 14–18 years were recruited, with an equal proportion in the normal group (NG) [-1 to +1 SD body mass index-for-age z-score (BAZ)], and undernutrition group (UG) (BAZ < -1SD). Dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined with reference to the intake of 13 food groups with a minimum daily intake of 15 gram/food group. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed to obtain the DDS cut-off. The Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare DDS between the NG and UG. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the likelihood of potential factors in predicting nutritional status outcome. Results: Overall, almost half of the girls’ daily food intake showed low dietary diversity based on DDS cut-off <5, with no significant difference between NG and UG adolescents. Protein intake inadequacy showed significant unlikelihood of a NG outcome (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.8), while low socioeconomic status (SES) showed a strong likelihood of an UG (OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.3-5.5) compared to high SES. Conclusion: Low dietary intake and DDS were common among adolescent schoolgirls in slum areas in Jakarta. Nutrition interventions promoting appropriate dietary intake among adolescent girls are recommended.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Stunting remains a predominant global health problem and Indonesia is no exception. This analysis aims to determine the major factors of stunting among children aged 0-23 months, using data from the Bogor Longitudinal Study on Child Growth and Development (BLSCGD). Methods: The BLSCGD was conducted by the Center for Public Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. This analysis used part of the BLSCGD data. A total of 320 children aged above 23 months were included. Anthropometric measurements were performed by trained enumerators each month from the first month of birth until 23 months of age. The analyses of survival resilience was conducted using survival statistics test using life table and Kaplan Meier, whereby the case for this survival analysis was the occurrence of stunting. Factors affecting stunting (including children and maternal characteristics) were tested using cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Determinants of stunting were birth weight with hazards regressions (HR) score=1.847; 95% CI: 1.282-2.662), birth length (HR=1.567; 1.034-2.375), and maternal height (HR=1.436; 1.014–2.030). The probability of children not being stunted decreased with increase in age. Conclusion: Birth weight and length at birth, and maternal short stature were the dominant risks factors of stunting among the study children aged 0-23 months.