Histochemistry of the mucus gland of Bombus morio Swedurus,1787 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

The male mucus gland is present in all species of bees, exception for meliponines. In bees, the function of themucus glands is not certain so far and its contribution to form the female espermatecal fluid is not assured.With the aim to contribute to the knowledge of the mucus gland in bees we carried out a histochemical studyof the gland in mature, adult males of Bombus morio, focusing on the histochemical nature of the secretion.The males were collected around the forest fragments into UFSCar, Campus Sorocaba. The glands werefixed and analysed under routine microscopy and for histochemistry techniques: Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS),Bromophenol Blue (BB), Sudan Black (SB) and Critical Electrolyte Concentration (CEC) variant. The resultsshowed that the mucus gland is constituted by a pair of large, thick tubular structures, which presented theirdistal portion more dilated and corn shaped. The glandular cells are columnar and in the apical portion presentseveral apocrine vesicles being released into the gland lumen. The histochemistry showed that gland secretionis very complex and contains protein (BB), neutral polysaccharide (PAS), as well as lipid (SB). The luminalgland secretion presents a background of homogenous content, presenting little dark dots stained by alltechniques used for this work. The investigation of the nucleolar activity (CEC) showed that the mucus glandepithelium is evolved in protein synthesis, presenting nucleoli developed and much RNA in the cytoplasm.

Manejo del aneurisma de la aorta abdominal: Estado actual, evidencias y perspectivas para el desarrollo de un programa nacional / Open and endovascular surgery for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurism: Review of the available evidence

Open and endovascular surgery are therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurism. The development of guidelines for its treatment requires a thorough analysis of available evidence to recommend the best treatment for each country's reality. Prospective randomized trials have shown best initial results with endovascular surgery, with higher hospital costs than open surgery. The requirement of anatomical suitability for the placement of endovascular prostheses limits the universal use of endovascular surgery. Moreover, this type of surgery needs a strict imaging and clinical follow up due to the high rates of late complications, which range from 20 percent to 40 percent. Many of these complications require further surgical interventions, elevating costs of treatment. The initial benefit of endovascular surgery is lost during long follow up as survival curves become similar to those of open surgery. Even for patients with a high surgical risk, the benefits of endovascular surgery are doubtful.

Caracterización clínica y de conglomerados de clases latentes de la migraña familiar en el aislado genético de Antioquia / Clinical and latent class cluster characteristics of familiar migraine in the antioquian genetic isolate

INTRODUCCIÓN: la migraña es una entidad de alta prevalencia cuya etiología parece tener un gran componente genético. OBJETIVOS: determinar las características clínicas y la de conglomerados de clases latentes (CCL) en las familias colombianas de la región de Antioquia con un caso índice con cefalea crónica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se estudiaron 550 individuos (374 mujeres y 176 hombres) de 121 familias colombianas de la región de Antioquia. A todos se les hizo una pregunta de rastreo para seleccionar a los miembros con posible migraña. A los sospechosos se les hizo una entrevista con los criterios de la International Headache Society (IHS) y un examen neurológico para establecer el diagnóstico y su clasificación en migraña con aura (MCA) y migraña sin aura (MSA). Los criterios de la IHS fueron usados para hacer un análisis de CCL, calculando índices de máxima verosimilitud y controlando el cumplimiento del supuesto de la independencia local. RESULTADOS: el 61,6 % de los miembros de las familias tuvieron migraña. El 40 % tuvo MSA y el 21,6 % MCA. La intensidad fue de moderada a severa en 96,4 % de los casos. Aproximadamente el 70 % presentaron síntomas de náuseas, vómitos, sonofobia, fotofobia e incremento con el ejercicio. Se derivaron 4 CCL: uno con MSA+MCA, con alta probabilidad de ser mujeres y con crisis de inicio temprano; otro grupo de personas sanas de ambos sexos; un tercero con MSA de aparición a edad intermedia, con crisis moderadas a severas de larga duración y predominante de mujeres; y un cuarto grupo de mujeres con MSA de aparición temprana y crisis de corta duración. CONCLUSIONES: las características clínicas de los pacientes con migraña de estas familias son similares a lo informado en otros estudios. La distribución de los CCL hace pensar en una probable transmisión de una predisposición genética que, en interacción con factores ambientales, determinaría la edad de inicio de las crisis y si esas son de tipo MSA o MSA+MCA.

INTRODUCTION: migraine is a disorder with high prevalence and with probable genetic etiology. OBJECTIVE: to determine the clinical and latent class cluster (LCC) characteristics of Antioquian families with one probands with chronic headache. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 550 individuals (374 females and 176 males) were studied. All participants were asked with one screening question in order to select suspicious of migraine. An interview with the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria and a neurological examination were administered to all probably migraine affected patients. Migraine diagnosis and classification into migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (M0) was done. The IHS were used to develop a LCC analysis, calculating maximum likelihood index and controlling the local independence assumption. RESULTS: 61,6 per cent of the family members were affected with migraine, 40 per cent had M0 and 21,6 per cent had MA. Intensity was estimated between moderate to severe by 96,4 per cent of the cases. Approximately 70 per cent had nausea, vomiting, sonophobia, photophobia and worsening with exercise. 4 LCC were derived: one with M0 + MA, with high probability to be females, and early onset crisis; other group was constituted by healthy people of both genders; the third cluster had M0 of intermediate age onset, with moderate to severe attack, with long duration and predominantly females; finally a 4th cluster of females with M0 of early onset and short duration. CONCLUSIONS: clinical characteristics of migraine patients in these Antioquian families were similar to those informed by others studies. The distribution of LCC suggests a genetic transmission of vulnerability, which interacting with several environmental factors, would determine the age of onset and the types of attacks as M0, or M0+MA.

Tratamiento endovascular de aneurisma aórtico abdominal: resultados en 80 pacientes consecutivos / Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: Results in 80 consecutive patients

Background: Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) avoids laparotomy, shortens hospital stay and reduces morbidity and mortality related to surgical repair, allowing full patient recovery in less time. Aim: To report short and long term results of endovascular repair of AAA in 80 consecutive patients treated at our institution. Patients and Methods: Between September 1997 and February 2005, three women and 77 men with a mean age 73.6±7.7 years with AAA 5.8±1.0 cm in diameter, were treated. The surgical risk of 38 percent of patients was grade III according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. Each procedure was performed in the operating room, under local or regional anesthesia, with the aid of digital substraction angiography. The endograft was deployed through the femoral artery (83.7 percent bifurcated, 16.3 percent tubular graft). A femoro-femoral bypass was required in 11.3 percent of cases. Follow-up included a spiral CT scan at 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and then annually. Results: Endovascular repair was successfully completed in 79/80 patients (98.7 percent technical success). The procedures lasted 147±71 min. Length of stay in the observation unit was 20.6±13.5 h. Blood transfusion was required in 10 percent. Sixty two percent of the patients were discharged before 72 h. One patient died 8 days after surgery due to a myocardial infarction (1.3 percent). During follow-up (3-90 months), 1 patient developed late AAA enlargement due to a type I endoleak, requiring a new endograft. No AAA rupture was observed. Survival at 4 years was 84.2 percent (SE =9.2). Endovascular re-intervention free survival was 82.7 percent (SE =9.5). Conclusion: Endovascular surgery allows effective exclusion of AAA avoiding progressive enlargement and/or rupture and is a good alternative to open repair. Close and frequent postoperative follow up is mandatory.

Eficacia de un programa de capacitación en medidas básicas de prevención de infecciones intrahospitalarias / Effectiveness of a program of qualification in basic measures of prevention of intrahospitable infections

Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia de un programa de capacitación en prevención de infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH) para modificar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) del personal de salud hospitalario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de intervención, desarrollado en el Hospital Hipólito Unanue de Tacna, Perú, en el año 2000. Antes y después de la intervención se evaluó el nivel CAP en el personal asistencial de los servicios de hospitalización a través de encuestas. La intervención consistió en capacitaciones sobre medidas básicas para prevención de IIH y observaciones periódicas de las prácticas. Se comparó las proporciones según niveles CAP usando la prueba de McNemar. Resultados: Se incluyó al 73,7 por ciento (129/175) del personal; solo 22,9 por ciento (11/48) de médicos completaron el estudio. En general, >50 por ciento mostró niveles adecuados de CAP desde el inicio. Solamente se halló mejoría significativa en conocimientos (p<0,004) y prácticas (<0,001) del grupo enfermeras/ obstetrices/ técnicos. Si bien los servicios de hospitalización especializados tuvieron mayor nivel CAP que los básicos, sólo en estos últimos se mostró mejoras significativas en el nivel de prácticas (p<0,001). El cumplimiento rutinario de las medidas de bioseguridad pasó de 1 por ciento a 89,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa hospitalario de capacitación y supervisión permanente para la prevención de IIH mostró mejorar el nivel de conocimientos y prácticas en el personal no médico.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of a qualification program on nosocomial infection (NI) prevention, to modify knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the hospital health care providers. Materials and methods: Prospective intervention study, performed in the Hipólito Unanue Hospital in Tacna, Peru, 2000. Before and after the intervention, KAP level was evaluated in hospitalization services using questionnaires. The intervention consisted of training on basic measures for NI prevention and periodic practice observations. Proportions according to KAP levels were compared using McNemar‘s test, considering p<0,05 as statistically significant. Results: 73,7% (129/175) of the hospital staff was included; only 22,9% (11/48) physicians completed the study. In general, >50% showed good KAP levels since the initial stages. We only found significant improvement in knowledge (p<0,004) and practices (<0,001) of the nurses & technicians group. Although special hospitalization services had a higher KAP level than the basic ones, only the practices in the basic services showed significant improvements (p<0,001). The routine fulfillment in the biosafety measures shifted from 1% to 89,8%. Conclusions: The implementation of a hospital program of qualification and permanent supervision for NI prevention was shown to improve the level of knowledge and practices in the nurses & technicians group.

Cáncer colorectal

Este trabajo se retrospectivo, se realizó con el fin de definir la demografía clínica, tumoral y el tratamiento dado a nuestros pacientes. Para ello se revisaron las historias clínicas con diagnóstico de carcinoma colorectal (CCR) entre los años 1983 y 1990. En el Hospital Universitario del Valle y el Hospital Mario Correa Renginfo,encontrandose un total de 100 pacientes

Lipoma colónico, presentación de tres casos

El lipoma de colon es el más frecuente de su tipo en el tubo digestivo y es la segunda entidad benigna en el colon. Y puede presentarse como origen de invaginación. Se presentan tres casos de invaginación de colon causadas por lipomas del mismo. Se hace una Revisión del tema

Breeding point and larval association of anopheline mosquitoes of northwest Mindoro, Philippines.

A larval survey of stream breeding Anopheles was conducted in the foothills of northwest Mindoro Island, Philippines. Eleven species were collected with An. ludlowae constituting 27.9% of the total. The three malaria vectors in the area, An. flavirostris, An. maculatus and An. mangyanus, made up 25.2, 5.1 and 3.8% of the collection, respectively. Breeding point induces were used to identify optimum habitat and larval association analyses. An. annularis and An. ludlowae had high positive association index with An. flavirostris, while An. mangyanus and An. filipinae appeared to have poor association within the breeding point.

Iridotomia periferica con fotocoagulacion. / Peripheric iridotomy with photocoagulation

Se hacen consideraciones acerca de la tecnica y resultados de la iridotomia mediante rayos laser; se analizan las complicaciones evidenciandose el caracter inocuo y la efectividad del procedimiento. Se hacen tambien consideraciones acerca de la necesidad de controlar la PIO en el postoperatorio asi como de evitar la fotocoagulacion excesiva y consecuencialmente la dispersion pigmentaria, especialmente en pacientes con evidencia de dano trabecular

Chloroquine and quinine resistant Plasmodium falciparum on the island of Mindoro, Philippines, 1982.

A field study was conducted on the island of Mindoro, Republic of the Philippines in which over 800 persons were screened for malaria and approximately 8% were found positive. The in vitro microtechnique was used to test for sensitivity to chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and quinine in 20 slide-confirmed P. falciparum cases. Sixteen of these cases were also followed for in vivo chloroquine sensitivity. Four cases showed in vitro resistance to chloroquine; 2 also showed resistance to quinine. All showed in vitro sensitivity to mefloquine and amodiaquine. The results of in vivo test were consistent with either a sensitive (S) or R-1, resistant response to chloroquine. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo chloroquine tests indicate 4 cases of chloroquine resistance at the R1 level.

A preliminary survey of malaria in Occidental, Mindoro, Philippines.

A survey of malaria in Northwest Mindoro, Occidental, Mindoro, Philippines is reported. Three species of human plasmodia were identified from 600 blood films examined. The overall prevalence of malaria was 7% (2.8% P. falciparum, 4.3% P. vivax, 0.7% P. malariae). The prevalence of malaria was highest (24%) among children 0 to 15 years of age and only 4 cases (12%) were found among persons over the age of 15. Males and females were equally infected. Study sites with the highest slide-positivity rate were located in the foothill regions which corresponded with the observed presence of two malaria vectors, Anopheles minimus flavirostris and An. maculatus. These sites appeared to be adequate for future studies of drug-resistance, although large numbers of suitable candidates would not be expected.

Treatment of falciparum malaria with clindamycin.

Foram estudados dois grupos de pacientes portadores de malaria por P. falciparum que receberam o antibiotico durante sete dias. A um desses grupos, com 24 pacientes foi administrada a dose de 300 mg/dia, dividida a cada 12 horas. A via endovenosa foi utilizada durante tres dias e, a seguir, a via oral por mais quatro dias. Ao outro grupo, de 12 pacientes, administrou-se 600 mg/dia de clindamicina seguindo identico regimen do grupo anterior.Em testes de resistencia a cloroquina, evidenciou-se positividade em cinco pacientes do primeiro grupo e tres do segundo, a nivel de R-II. Ambos os regimes provaram efetividade na cure de malaria por P. falciparum

Relacion experimental entre leucocitos y otros factores de Bordetella pertussis / Experimental relationship between leukocytosis and other factors of Bordetella pertussis

Se estudiaron la dosis y la via de inoculacion en el raton con respecto al factor promotor de leucocitosis (FPL) en la vacuna pertussis. Tambien se investigo la relacion del FPL con el factor sensibilizante a la histamina (FSH), el factor que causa baja ganancia de peso en el raton (FBGP) y el antigeno protector (AP).Durante la inmunizacion, la leucocitosis aumento em forma proporcional a la dosis. En el desafio, la leucocitosis disminuyo al aumetar la dosis. Al injeyectar a ratones con cuatro unidades de opacidad (UOP) por via intraperitoneal (IP) y subcutanea (SC) se presento la leucocitosis mas alta al quinto dia de la inmunizacion induciendose mayor leucocitosis por la via IP. Por la via intravenosa (IV) cuatro UOP matan a todos los ratones y con 1.6 UOP la leucocitosis fue tan alta como en la via IP al tercer dia de la inmunizacion. La inoculacion de cinco UOP de vacuna toxica induce mayor leucocitosis que la vacuna atoxica.Los resultados sugieren una estrecha relacion entre el FPL, FSH, FBGP y el AP en la vacunas pertussis