ABSTRACT
Se describen las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de depresión de Zung, que fue administrada a 62 personas con VIH que al momento del estudio eran vistos en el Centro Ambulatorio para la Prevención y Atención a VIH/SIDA e ITS en la ciudad de Hermosillo, México. La edad promedio de los participantes fue de 37,02 años, de los cuales 59,7 por ciento eran personas del sexo masculino y 40,3 por ciento del sexo femenino. Para la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala se utilizaron en orden sucesivo los siguientes procedimientos: la prueba de la t de Student de comparación de medias para la comprensión de las preguntas; un análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación varimax para estudiar la validez de constructo y el coeficiente a de Cronbach para valorar la confiabilidad. Con la prueba de la t de Student se obtuvieron valores de significancia estadística en 19 de las 20 preguntas. El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó una estructura de tres factores, con valores propios superiores a 1 y que en conjunto explican 56,13 por ciento) de la varianza. Finalmente, en el análisis de confiabilidad de la medida se obtuvo un a de Cronbach global de 0.887. Según los resultados obtenidos, la escala de depresión de Zung posee óptimas propiedades psicométricas de validez de constructo y confiabilidad en personas con VIH.
We describe the psychometric properties of the Zung's depression scale, which was administered to 62 persons with HIV who were being treated in the Ambulatory Center of Prevention and Attention at HIV/AIDS and STI in Hermosillo, Mexico. Participants mean age was 37.02 year old, 59.7 percent> were male and 40.3 percent> females. Three consecutive statistical testing procedures were applied for data analysis: the Student t test for comparison of means and for assesing the comprehensibility of the questions; an exploratory factorial analysis with varimax rotation for determining construct validity; Cronbach's a coefficient for determining reliability. In 19 out of a total of 20 questions, the Student t test for comparison of means gave statistically significant values. A three-factors structure was found with the factorial analysis, with values above 1 that, taken as a whole, explain 56.13 percent> of the variance. An overall a coefficient of 0.887 was obtained with the test of reliability. According with the results obtained, the Zung' depression scale has optimal psychometric properties of construct validity and reliability for people with HIV
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Depression/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Socioeconomic Factors , HIV Infections/psychology , Mexico , Psychometrics/methods , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The effect that three extraction techniques (e.g., Soxhlet, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction) have on the toxicity, as measured by submitochondrial particle (SMP) and Microtox assays, of organic extracts was compared from three sources of airborne particulate matter (APM). The extraction technique influenced the toxicity response of APM extracts and it was dependent on the bioassay method, and APM sample source. APM extracts from microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were similar or more toxic than the conventional extraction techniques of Soxhlet and ultrasound, thus, providing an alternate extraction method. The microwave extraction technique has the advantage of using less solvent volume, less extraction time, and the capacity to simultaneously extract twelve samples. The ordering of APM toxicity was generally urban dust > diesel dust > PM10 (particles with diameter < 10 microm), thus, reflecting different chemical composition of the samples. This study is the first to report the suitability of two standard in-vitro bioassays for the future toxicological characterization of APM collected from Puerto Rico, with the SMP generally showing better sensitivity to the well-known Microtox bioassay.
Subject(s)
Humans , Air Pollutants , Submitochondrial Particles , Biological Assay/methods , Microwaves , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Puerto Rico , Dust/analysis , Toxicity Tests/methods , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Exposure to lead in children living on a former landfill in Vega Baja-Puerto Rico, a United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) designated Superfund Site, is a major health concern. Direct contact with lead-contaminated soil is considered a major exposure source. However, there is a lack of information regarding the contribution of lead-contaminated house dust to children's blood lead concentrations. This study evaluated the relationship between lead contaminated-house dust and children's blood lead levels. Blood from 42 children, aged 6 years old or less, and dust from 29 houses were analyzed for lead, and face-to-face interviews were performed to gather information on potential risk factors for high blood lead levels. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.97 to 7.79 micrograms/dL. Lead values for floors fluctuated from 0.12 to 98.30 micrograms/ft2, with 17 per cent of houses surpassing the USEPA standard of 40 micrograms/ft2. Multiple regression analysis showed that lead in window sills, toy chewing and soil eating habits were significant predictors of blood lead levels. Further investigations aimed at assessing the long-term effects of constant exposure to environmental lead in these children are warranted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Lead/blood , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Lead Poisoning/blood , Soil Pollutants/adverse effects , Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Dust/analysis , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
A origem da artéria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente é uma anomalia congênita rara, com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Descrevemos dois casos desta malforamçäo, um associado à interrupçäo de arco aórtico tipo B. Em ambos, o diagnóstico foi realizado mediante ecocardigrafia bidimensional, com confirmaçäo angiográfica em um. A origem da artéria pulmonar direita era próxima à valva aórtica, anomalia patogeneticamente diferente da origem perto da artéria inominada.
Subject(s)
Infant , Male , Infant, Newborn , Aorta/abnormalities , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Angiography , Catheterization , Echocardiography , Fatal Outcome , Postoperative PeriodABSTRACT
Descrevemos uma paciente de sete anos com diagnóstico ecocardiográfico e confirmação cirúrgica de endarterite de artéria pulmonar, citada como complicação da persistência do canal arterial e ilustramos a necessidade de ressecção cirúrgica completa do processo infeccioso para evitar outras complicaçöes, como embolia pulmonar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Female , Endocarditis , Pulmonary Artery , Pulmonary Embolism , Pulmonary Valve , Blood Cell Count , Radionuclide Imaging , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Se realizó una encuesta serologica en la ciudad de Choluteca cinco meses despues de iniciado un brote epidémico de dengue, en la que se recolectaron 512 muestras de sangre en 14 barrios de la ciudad, que fueron examinados por anticuerpos contra dengue 1, utilizando la prueba de Inhibición de hemoglutinación. En el 63% (325) personas existían anticuerpos, particularmente adultos de los cuales el 83% sufrieron infecciones primarias y 17% infección secundaria. Se concluye que esta epidemia ocurrida recientemente en Cholutec fue causada preferentemente por el virus del dengue 1