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1.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 28(4): 278-285, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-700529

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia de vías digestivas altas (HVDA) es una emergencia habitual; su etiología más común es laúlcera péptica. La restauración del volumen intravascular y la presión arterial son la prioridad del manejo previo al identificar la causa del sangrado. La esofagogastroduodenoscopia (EGD) debe realizarse luego de lareanimación inicial, así como lograrse la estabilización hemodinámica, para identifi car la causa del sangradoy dar el tratamiento necesario. Se realiza un estudio sobre el evento en un hospital de referencia de tercernivel, en Cundinamarca, Colombia.Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo; datos obtenidos de la historia clínica electrónica de pacientes adultos que consultaron por urgencias en el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS) por HVDA, diagnosticada por hematemesis, melenas, rectorragia o anemia, y a quienes se les realizó EGDdurante el periodo abril de 2010-abril de 2011. Resultados: Se atendió a 385 pacientes a lo largo del período de estudio; se excluyó a 100 de ellos,debido a hemorragia secundaria a várices esofágicas, historia clínica incompleta y hemorragia digestivabaja, para un total de 285 pacientes analizados. Conclusiones: La mayoría de la población atendida en el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana (HUS)por HVDA son adultos mayores de 60 años. La úlcera péptica sigue siendo el diagnóstico más común asociadoal uso de AINE y ASA. La mortalidad es comparable a la de las regencias internacionales.


Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is a common emergency whose most common etiology is a peptic ulcer.Restoration of intravascular volume and blood pressure management are priorities before identifyingthe cause of bleeding. After initial resuscitation and after hemodynamic stabilization has been achieved, anesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) should be performed to identify the cause of bleeding and determinethe treatment needed. This is a study performed at a third level referral hospital in Cundinamarca, Colombia.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of data from electronic medical records of adult patients admitted to the emergency room of the Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS) because of uppergastrointestinal tract bleeding which ahd been diagnosed because of hematemesis, melena, rectal bleedingand/or anemia. Patients all underwent EGD between April 2010 and April 2011.Results: 385 patients with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding were seen during the study period, but 100were excluded because of bleeding secondary esophageal varices, incomplete clinical histories and lowergastrointestinal bleeding. A total of 285 patients were included. 69.1 % were older than 60 years, 73.3 % hadhypertension, 55.1 % reported use of infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin (ASA), 19.6 % reported previous bleeding episodes, and 17.9 % had hemodynamic instability. 63 patients (22.1 %) required endoscopichemostasis, and 32 (11.2 %) experienced rebleeding. Overall mortality reported was 13.1 % of which 55.3 %were men. Mortality attributable to gastrointestinal bleeding was 3.1 %.Conclusions: The majority of patients served by the HUS with upper GI bleeding are adults over 60 years.Peptic ulcers remain the most common diagnosis associated with the use of NSAIDs and ASA. The mortalityrate is comparable to international standards.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Aged , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Hemorrhage , Hemostasis , Mortality
2.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 28(3): 219-224, jul.-set. 2013. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-689392

ABSTRACT

La disfagia es síntoma común en varias enfermedades neurológicas, en afectados por eventos cerebrovasculares o como consecuencia de traumas craneoencefálicos. Otro grupo importante que desarrolla trastornos de la deglución son aquellos adultos mayores con pérdida progresiva de las funciones cognitivas como es el caso de pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer, en donde la enfermedad se acompaña de complicaciones respiratorias que son potencialmente evitables, si la disfagia es reconocida precozmente y se trata adecuadamente


Dysphagia is a common symptom in many neurological diseases, particularly occurring after a stroke or head trauma. Another important group of patients who develop swallowing dysfunctions are older adults with progressive loss of cognitive functions such as patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This type of disease is accompanied by diffi culty swallowing that has been associated with increased mortality due to respiratorycomplications that are potentially preventable if dysphagia is recognized early so that appropriate strategiesfor treatment can be used


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Alzheimer Disease , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders , Esophagus
3.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 28(1): 65-68, ene.-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-678058

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia de vías digestivas altas por várices gástricas, aunque menos frecuente que la secundaria a lasesofágicas, es una causa de alta mortalidad en los pacientes cirróticos. La ligadura es el tratamiento óptimoen las várices esofágicas, pero este tratamiento para las gástricas es todavía muy discutido.Presentamos el caso de una anciana, con antecedente de cirrosis hepática secundaria a esteatosis hepáticano alcohólica (NASH), que ingresa, con hemorragia de vías digestivas altas, evidenciándose en laesofagogastroduodenoscopia una várice fúndica subcardial con sangrado activo, para la cual se decide manejocon ligadura con banda de caucho con resultado exitoso y desaparición de la várice en control posterior


Upper digestive tract bleeding due to gastric varices, although less common than bleeding secondary toesophageal varices, is one of the causes of high mortality in cirrhotic patients. Although band ligation is theoptimal treatment for esophageal varices, its use for gastric varices is still hotly debated.We report the case of an elderly woman with a history of hepatic cirrhosis secondary to nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity who was admitted to the hospital with upper digestive tract bleeding.An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an actively bleeding subcardial varice in the gastric fundus. Thedecision was made to manage the bleeding with rubber band ligation. The outcome was successful outcome,and the varice had disappeared in subsequent check-ups


Subject(s)
Aged , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Hemorrhage , Ligation
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