ABSTRACT
Background: radial artery vasospasm is the most frequent complication of transradial cardiac catheterization. It causes discomfort and pain to the patient, prolongs the procedure and even makes it impossible for the interventionist to continue the procedure
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of combined use of nitrate and calcium channel blocker [Verapamil] in prevention of radial artery spasm during coronary angiographies
Study design, settings and duration: it was a case control study conducted among 100 cardiac patients undergoing coronary angiography in Rehman Medical Institute [RMI] Peshawar from the duration of January 2016 to December 2016
Subjects and Methods: sample selection was done through convenient non probability sampling technique. Written informed consent was taken from the patients included in the study. Patients were divided into two group's control [50] and experimental [50]. One group was treated with heparin/nitrate as control group while other group was treated with heparin/nitrates/verapamil [Calcium channel blocker] as experimental group. Both groups were checked for radial spasm, pain and catheter resistance during angiography procedure. All other demography and history were collected through using a predesigned questionnaire. Data was collected, analyzed using SPSS version 16
Results: it was found that 63% patients were male, 37% were female and 68% cardiac patients were above the age 50 years. The study provided that using Verapamil as calcium channel blockers with nitrate does not put a significant effect on radial spasm with p value 0.806. The study provided that in comparison of cases and control for different variable, no significant difference was observed for radial spasm, pain, outcome, catheter resistance and time taken by the procedure. However the outcome of procedure was 100% successful among test group than control [98%]
Conclusion: calcium channel blocker [Verapamil] use with nitrate provided no significant difference in lowering radial spasm during coronary angiography. The assumption of using calcium channel blocker against radial artery spasm during angiography nullified
Policy message: economic burden due to use of calcium channel blockers along with nitrate during coronary angiograph
ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of thymoquinone and methotrexate on blood urea and serum creatinine in arthritic rats. Experimental, comparative study. Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, from March to August 2013. Thirty two female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four equal groups [n=8]; group A [healthy control], group B [positive control], group C [Thymoquinone treated] and group D [Methotrexate treated]. Arthritis developed within two weeks after a single pristane injection. Total leukocyte count, blood urea and serum creatinine were taken at day 0, 15 and 30. While clinical score of inflammation was taken at day 0 and then on every alternate day. Development of arthritis and renal involvement was accompanied by significant raise in total leukocyte count, clinical score of inflammation, blood urea and serum creatinine as compared to healthy control rats [group A] till day 15 [p < 0.001]. From day 15 to day 30 both thymoquinone [group C] and methotrexate [group D] significantly lowered the total leukocyte count, clinical score of inflammation and improved blood urea and serum creatinine as compared to arthritic rats [group B] [p < 0.001]. Methotrexate was found a bit more effective than thymoquinone. Evaluation of results supported the beneficial effects of thymoquinone in renal injury produced by rheumatoid arthritis
ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of thymoquinone and methotrexate on lung in pristine induced inflammation in rats. It was a comparative study which was carried out at Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore. Rats were divided into four equal groups each consisting of 8 rats [n=8]; group A served as healthy control, group B was taken as positive control, group C was treated with thymoquinone and group D with methotrexate. Arthritis developed within two weeks after a single pristane injection which is assessed through total leukocyte count. Total leukocyte count was taken at day 0, 15 and 30 while lung tissue for histopathology was taken at the time of dissection [day 30]. The result of this study indicated that development of arthritis was accompanied by significant raise in total leukocyte count and the presence of inflammatory cells in lung histopathological sections as compared to healthy control groups. Both thymoquinone and methotrexate significantly reduced total leukocyte count and number of inflammatory cells as compared to positive control group of arthritic rats. Evaluation of results supported the beneficial effects of both thymoquinone and Methotrexate in lung inflammation produced by murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus thymoquinone can be a potential therapy for rheumatoid lung and needs further evaluation in human models
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effect of Aloe vera whole leaf extract and/or Rosiglitazone on plasma glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats
Study Design: Randomized control trail
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Physiology Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health [NIH] Islamabad from April 2009 to Oct 2010
Materials and Methods: Type 2 DM was induced in 45 healthy Sprague -Dawley rats by feeding high fat diet for 2 weeks and injecting a low dose [35mg/kg] of streptozotocin intra peritoneally. Type 2 diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups, each group having 15 rats and were labeled as diabetic group, Aloe vera group and rosiglitazone group. The diabetic group was injected normal saline, Aloe vera group was treated with Aloe vera whole leaf extract in dose of 300mg/kg body weight and rosiglitazone group was given 5mg/kg body weight of rosiglitazone I/P for 21 days
Results: A significant reduction [p<0.001] in plasma glucose [62%], insulin [19%] and TG/HDL ratio [69%] was analyzed in Aloe Vera group as compared to diabetic control group
Conclusion: The maximum impact in lowering plasma glucose, insulin and TG/HDL ratio was recorded in rosiglitazone group, followed by Aloe vera group. The results of present study provide a scientific basis of using Aloe vera whole leaf extract as antidiabetic in T2DM