ABSTRACT
La République démocratique du Congo comme d'autres pays à faible revenu est confronté à une prévalence élevée de petit poids des enfants à la naissance. Des prévalences atteignant 15, 16% ont été signalées dans quelques rares études menées dans certaines provinces, démontrant encore l'ampleur du problème malgré l'absence des recherches à l'échelle nationale. Notre étude a pour objectif principal de déterminer l'influence des facteurs sociodémographiques, individuels et obstétricaux sur le petit poids de naissance afin d'élucider la problématique et proposer certaines pistes de solution allant dans le sens d'atteindre la cible de l'OMS à l'horizon 2025. Notre étude est transversale analytique basée sur la population. Les données proviennent de l'enquête démographique et sanitaire'(EDS RDC 2013-2014). Ces données ont été recueillies auprès des femmes en âge de procréer habitant dans les ménages. Nous avons estimé la prévalence globale ainsi que d'autres prévalences se rapportant aux deux sous catégories des femmes identifiées lors de l'analyse. Les facteurs ont été identifiés au moyen d'une régression multivariée. La prévalence globale était de 7%. «La primiparité, l'intervalle inter génésique, le nombre des visites prénatales et le milieu de résidence de la femme étaient significativement associés au petit poids de naissance. La présente étude réaffirme l'association des certains facteurs maternels plus que les autres dans la survenue des petits poids de naissance en République démocratique du Congo.
The Democratic Republic of Congo, like other low-income countries, faces a high prevalence of low birth weight. Prevalences as high as 15.16% have been reported in a few rare studies conducted in some provinces, further demonstrating the scale of the problem despite the absence of national-scale research. The main objective of our study is to determine the influence of sociodemographic, individual and obstetric factors on low birth weight in order to elucidate the problem and propose certain possible solutions in the direction of achieving the WHO target of the horizon 2025. Our study is transversal analytical based on the population. The data comes from the demographic and health survey (EDS RDC 2013-2014). These data were collected from women of childbearing age living in households. We estimated the overall prevalence as well as other prevalences relating to the twosubcategories of women identified during the analysis. Factors were identified using multivariate regression. The overall prevalence was 7%. "Primiparity, inter-birth interval, number of prenatal visits and the woman's place of residence were significantly associated with low birth weight. The present study reaffirms the association of certain maternal factors more than others in the occurrence of low birth weight in the Democratic Republic of Congo
ABSTRACT
Aims: To estimate the prevalence of urinary abnormalities in asymptomatic children aged 3 to 5 and to estimate the prevalence of urological anomalies detected by renal ultrasound among children with abnormal urine findings in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City. Study Design: cross-sectional population-based study. Place and Duration of Study: Twelve kindergartens in Binh Thanh district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from March to June 2012. Methodology: There were 11,093 children aged 3 to 5 attending 25 public and 17 private kindergartens including 2,657 in wealthy wards and 8,436 in non-wealthy wards. A total sample size of 2,402 children was required. Using a probability proportional-tosize method, 8 kindergartens in public area and 4 kindergartens in private area were randomly selected. Overall, 2,433 children were enrolled including 1,244 boys. The children were screened by dipstick. Those with abnormal results were confirmed by a second dipstick. Children with two positive dipsticks were retested 3 months later and underwent renal ultrasound for urological anomalies. Results: Abnormalities were detected in 7.8% of the subjects. Prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, nitrituria, leucocyturia, and combined nitrituria and leucocyturia were 0%, 0.3%, 0%, 5.6%, and 0.2%, respectively. Girls had more abnormal results than boys (14.1% vs 1.8%, p<0.001). After a three-month period, the number of children with persistent abnormalities was 37. The renal ultrasound detected 5 (13.5%) hydronephrosis cases. No significant difference was found when comparing public to private kindergartens and wealthy to non-wealthy region. Conclusion: In such a region with high population density, the high prevalence of nitrituria and/or leucocyturia in girls calls for a good education for parents and caregivers in order to prevent urinary tract infection, and the low prevalence of proteinuria and hematuria suggests that the appropriate age for urinary screening in Vietnam might be over 6 years.