ABSTRACT
Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional es una herramienta que contribuye en la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, cuyos factores de riesgo son altamente prevalentes en Ecuador. Objetivo: comparar los conocimientos, opiniones y uso del etiquetado y del semáforo nutricional según el tipo de colegio, en un grupo de adolescentes de 1.o a 3.o de bachillerato de dos unidades educativas de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, durante el año 2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en 161 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de un colegio privado y otro público, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta sobre conocimientos, decisión de compra y lectura de las etiquetas nutricionales de alimentos procesados. Resultados: el 89,4 % de los adolescentes identificó la etiqueta nutricional, pero solo el 50,9 % la leyó, y solo el 32,3 % la entendió completamente; aunque el 45,3 % ha cambiado sus hábitos de consumo gracias al uso del semáforo nutricional y el 58,4 % manifestó que esto ha beneficiado también a su familia. El 79,5 % no prefirió los alimentos que incluían el semáforo nutricional dentro de la etiqueta. En ninguno de los casos se encontraron diferencias estadísticas según el tipo de colegio. Conclusión: el uso que hacen los jóvenes del etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos no contribuye con su elección al momento de adquirirlos, sin diferencias según el tipo de colegio.
Background: Nutritional labeling is a tool that helps prevent chronic non-communicable diseases, whose risk factors are highly prevalent in Ecuador. Objective: Compare the knowledge, opinions and use of nutrition labels and traffic light labels according to the type of school attended, in a group of adolescents from 1st to 3rd year of high school in two schools in the city of Quito-Ecuador, during 2017. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 161 students of both sexes. A survey was administered measuring their knowledge of the nutritional stoplight, it's influence on their purchase decisions, and how they read and use nutrition labels. Results: 89.4 % of students identified the nutrition label, but only 50.9% read them, and only 32.3% completely understand them. 45.3 % of participants have changed their purchase habits by using the nutrition stoplight label, and 58.4 % admitted that the stoplight has also benefitted their families. No significant differences were found in any of the analyses. Conclusion: In this sample of high school students, nutrition labels do not contribute to food purchase choices. Other factors such as personal patterns of taste and customs determine teenage food purchase decisions.
Subject(s)
Mediation AnalysisABSTRACT
La valoración geriátrica integral debe incluir una adecuada evaluación nutricional al momento del ingreso hospitalario. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de un estado nutricional de riesgo, en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados. Diseño Transversal de prevalencia Lugar y sujetos Adultos mayores de 65 años, ingresados en el Hospital Quito N°1, durante el periodo julio - agosto 2018. Mediciones principales Datos demográfcos, antropométricos y riesgo nutricional determinado mediante el MNA. Resultados Se estudiaron 62 pacientes (66.1% hombres) con una edad media de 77.9 ± 8.2 años. Al ingreso solamente el 41.9% habían sido referidos para una valoración a cargo de nutricionista. El test MNA aplicado a la totalidad de pacientes mostró que el 79% (IC95%: 67.2% - 87.4%) de los adultos mayores estaban en riesgo de desnutrición, el 16.1% tenían desnutrición y apenas el 4.8% podían considerarse bien nutridos. Durante el tiempo de hospitalización, el 56.5% (IC95%= 44.1% - 68.1%) de los pacientes habían disminuido un promedio del 2.5% del peso respecto al registrado en el momento del ingreso. La pérdida de peso fue leve (38.7%), moderada (9.7%) y severa (8.1%), durante una estancia media de 6.4 ± 2.3 días. Conclusión Un elevado porcentaje de los adultos mayores hospitalizados presentan riesgo de desnutrición, pero pocos son referidos al nutricionista para su evaluación al momento del ingreso hospitalario. Es importante aplicar una herramienta de tamizaje nutricional para determinar el riesgo nutricional al ingreso y contribuir con una intervención nutricional adecuada en el adulto mayor hospitalizado
An integral geriatric assessment must include an adequate nutritional assessment at the time of hospital admission. Objective To determine the prevalence of a nutritional risk status in geriatric inpatients. Design Cross sectional study. Subjects and setting Adults over 65 years of age, admitted to the Hospital Quito No. 1, during the period July - August 2018. Main measurements Demographic and anthropometric data. Nutritional risk assessment with the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) test. Results We studied 62 patients (66.1% men) with an average age of 77.9 ± 8.2 years. At admission, only 41.9% had been referred for an assessment by a nutritionist. The MNA test applied to all patients showed that 79% (95%CI: 67.2% - 87.4%) were at risk of undernutrition, 16.1% had malnutrition and only 4.8% were with a good nutritional status. During the hospital lenght of stay, 56.5% (95%CI = 44.1% - 68.1%) of the patients showed an 2.5% decrease in their weight. The weight loss was mild (38.7%), moderate (9.7%) and severe (8.1%), in a lenght of stay of 6.4 ± 2.3 days. Conclusion A high percentage of geriatric inpatients are at risk of undernutrition, but few are referred to the nutritionist for evaluation at the time of hospital admission. It is important to apply a nutritional screening tool to determine the nutritional risk at admission and to contribute with an adequate nutritional intervention in the hospitalized older adult
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Weight Loss , MalnutritionABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the concordance of food consumption habits declared by parents and by their children, and relate it to excess weight prevalence. Methods: cross-sectional study. Concordance was analysed by Kappa and McNemar tests. The analysis of the discrepancies against excess weight was made by logistic regression. Results: we found high levels of discrepancy between parents and children: Kappa -0.02-0.31 (p≤0.01), McNemar p≤0.01. Excess weight did not vary in terms of the discrepancies, except for the affirmation of following a diet (ORadjusted: 1.79; CI95%: 1.49-2.14). Conclusions: agreement between parents and their children demonstrated discordance, but did not influenced on excess weight.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a concordância entre hábitos de consumo de alimentos relatados pelos pais e seus filhos e relacionar à prevalência de excesso de peso. Métodos: estudo transversal. A concordância foi analisada pelo Kappa e McNemar. As discrepâncias em relação com excesso de peso foram realizadas por regressão logística. Resultados: se observou alto grau de discordância Kappa -0.02-0.31 (p≤0.01) McNemarp≤0.01. A prevalência de excesso de peso entre escolares não mostrou nenhuma diferença em relação às discrepâncias, exceto com a declaração de fazer dieta (OR: 1.79 IC95%: 1.49-2.14). Conclusões: as informações relatadas pelos pais mostraram discordância, masnão variaram com o excesso de peso.