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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(7): 970-982, jul. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139399

ABSTRACT

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The success rate of conventional anticancer therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy is limited by the non-specific toxicity and low specificity towards specific tumors, which are highly dependent on the mutational burden present on each patient. Similarly, targeted therapies have proven to induce resistance in numerous malignancies. Therefore, immunotherapy has emerged as a better approach to discriminate between "the own" and "the non-own", which occurs through two types of mechanisms, innate and acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is one of the targets for new immunotherapeutic treatments, unleashing the power of antigen-specific T cells as a potential therapeutic weapon for cancer treatment. Thus, immunotherapy modifies the own immune system to increase the recognition and elimination of cancer cells by identifying these cancer antigens. One of the advantages of immunotherapy, when compared to conventional anticancer approaches, is the generation of long-term immunity (immunological memory). Currently, there are different potential types of immunotherapy in cancer to promote the modulation of the immune response. Among them, the use of cytokines, vaccines, viruses, monoclonal antibodies, and the generation of adaptive immune response cells have achieved successful results in some types of cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunotherapy , Neoplasms/therapy
2.
Orinoquia ; 21(2): 30-37, jul.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091526

ABSTRACT

Resumen En los últimos años se ha reconocido el potencial de las bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) como agentes bioconservantes de productos cárnicos, incluido el pescado, al reducir el deterioro microbiológico y químico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto bioconservante de dos cepas de BAL y el tiempo de impregnación en la calidad microbiológica y química de filetes de tilapia. Se evaluaron dos tiempos de impregnación (1h y 2h) y las BAL Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149 y Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356. Los filetes bioconservados (FB) se almacenaron a 5°C y se evaluaron los cambios en el recuento de BAL, mesófilos, psicrófilos y coliformes totales durante 30 días. Los recuentos en los FB fueron de 5.94 de Log UFC/g. de BAL, y <2.7 log UFC/g de coliformes y psicrófilos. Los filetes control presentaron recuentos de 1.2 log UFC/g de BAL mientras los coliformes totales y psicrófilos superaron el límite permitido para consumo humano luego de 10 días. Luego de 10 días. El tratamiento que mantuvo la calidad microbiológica y química de los FB por más tiempo fue L. plantarum con inmersión de una hora. Las BAL estudiadas mostraron un efecto inhibitorio de la microflora deteriorante del pescado y una reducción en la formación de nitrógeno volátil, siendo un método viable para la conservación del pescado.


Abstract In recent years, it has recognized the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as biopreservatives agents for meat products, including fish, by reducing the microbiological and chemical spoilage. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two strains biopreservative LAB and impregnation time on the microbiological and chemical quality of tilapia fillets. Two impregnation time (1h and 2h) and two LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 were evaluated. The biopreserved fillets (BF) were stored at 5 ° C and the changes of the LAB count, mesophilic, psychrophilic and total coliforms., were evaluated for 30 days. The microbiological analysis show for the BF 5.94 log CFU / g. of LAB and <2.7 log CFU / g of coliform and psychrophilic bacteria. The control Fillets showed 1.2 log CFU / g of LAB while the psychrophile and total coliforms exceeded the allowed limit for human consumption after 10 days. The treatment kept the microbiological and chemical quality of the BF longer was L. plantarum with one hour of impregnation. The LAB studied showed an inhibitory effect of the spoilage microflora of fish and a reduction in the formation of volatile nitrogen compounds, being a viable fish preservation method.


Resumo Nos últimos anos tem se reconhecido o potencial das bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL) como agentes bioconservantes de pro dutos carnicos, incluído o peixe ao diminuir o deterioro microbiológico e químico. O propósito deste estudo foi determinar o efeito bioconservante de duas cepas de BAL e a avaliação do tempo de impregnação requerido para obter uma boa qua lidade microbiológica e química de filetes de tilapia. Foram avaliados dois tempos de impregnação (1h e 2h) com as BAL Lactobacillus plantarum JMC 1149 e Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356. Os filetes biopreservados (FB) foram estocados a 5oC e valoradas as modificações na contagem de microorganismos BAL, mesófilos, psicrófilos, coliformes totais durante 30 dias. As contagens microbianas nos FB foram de 5.94 de log UFC/g e <2.7 log UFC/g de coliformes e psicrofilos. Os filetes controle apresentaram valores de 1.2 log UFC/g de BAL, não entanto os coliformes totais e psicrófilos superaram o limite permitido para consumo humano após 10 dias de estocagem. O tratamento que manteve a qualidade microbiológica e química dos FB por maior tempo foi de imersão com Lactobacillus plantarum por uma hora. As BAL estudadas amostraram um efeito inibitório da microflora deteriorante dos peixes e uma redução na formação de nitrogênio volátil se apresentan do como um método viável para a preservação de filete de peixe

3.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 17(1): 129-136, jun. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908274

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el origen de la discapacidad no se encuentra únicamente en el individuo, sino que en la interacción negativa entre factores individuales y contextuales. Estos últimos determinan barrera su oportunidades de participación y al variar, pueden modificar la condición de discapacidad e incluso eliminarla aún cuando el individuo mantenga su diagnóstico de salud. De aquí la vinculación y la importancia de las acciones de la política pública en torno a la temática. Esta investigación, pondrá su foco en la Política Cultural de Chile la cual establece entre sus principios la promoción del acceso y la participación de la comunidad en iniciativas artístico - culturales, lo que sin duda incluye la variable discapacidad. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación es contribuir a la vinculación efectiva y apropiada entre la variable discapacidad y el acceso a la cultura desde las políticas públicas chilenas, explorando desafíos para la gestión cultural en esta materia. Metodología: Basándose en el concepto de accesibilidad universal, y con una metodología de tipo cualitativa, se analizan los programas de política pública asociados a la variable discapacidad de tres servicios del Estado:Dirección de Bibliotecas Archivos y Museos, el Servicio Nacional de Discapacidad y el Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes. Resultados:Se evidencia luego de realizados los análisis, que si bien desde el Estado chileno se integran líneas que abordan temas de discapacidad y cultura, lo que sin duda debe ser reconocido como un avance, estas referencias no garantizan de manera óptima la accesibilidad universal. Conclusion: El gestor cultural aparece como un actor relevante en la formulación de la política cultural y por tanto en la construcción de la situación de discapacidad.


Introduction: the origin of the disability is not only in the individual. It is on the interaction between individual and contextual factors and these last ones determine opportunities of participation. When factors are varying, they can modify the condition of disability and eliminate it, even if the person maintains his diagnosis of health. In this sense, public policies are important to address the issue. This research will focus on the Chilean Cultural Policy, which establishes among its principles: the promotion of access and participation of the community in a rtistic and cultural initiatives. It is included the variable disability, undoubtedly. Objetive: The objective of the research is to contribute to the effective and appropriate link between the variables “disability” and “access to culture” from public policies, exploring cultural management challenges. Methodology: Based on the concept of universal accessibility, this research has a Methodology of qualitative type. It analyses the public policy programs associated with the variable disability of three State services: Directorate of Libraries, Archives and Museums, National Disability Service and National Council of Culture and Arts. Results:It is evident from the analysis that references of disability and culture are integrated by the Chilean State, and it should certainly be recognized as an advance, but these references do not guarantee the optimum universal accessibility. Conclusions: The cultural manager appears as a relevant actor in the formulation of cultural policy and therefore in the construction of the disability situation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Integration , Culture , Disabled Persons , Public Policy , Chile , Qualitative Research
4.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 25(1): 19-30, ene.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547725

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer gástrico es la malignidad más común en América del Sur y Asia oriental. En Colombia, aparte del grave problema de mortalidad, una limitante es la escasez de datos de prevalencia de lesiones tempranas y premalignas. Objetivos y métodos: Evaluar la utilidad de la cromoendoscopia sistemática en la prevalencia de de cáncer gástrico temprano y lesión gástrica pre-maligna. Un total de 950 sujetos fueron convocados. 800 sujetos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y finalmente 650 fueron analizados. Resultados: Ninguno de los participantes presentó mucosa gástrica normal. Gastritis antral crónica leve se encontró en 21,8% (142/650) mientras que gastritis antral crónica moderada o severa se encontró en el 77,4% (508/650). Atrofia y metaplasia fue encontrada en 14,5% (94/650) y 15,5% (101/650) respectivamente. Infección por H. Pylori en 7,3%, 79,3% 75,5% 57,4% y 0% de los sujetos con gastritis antral leve, gastritis moderada o severa, atrofia, metaplasia y displasia respectivamente. Lesión gástrica premaligna en 30% (195/650). Dos participantes fueron diagnosticados con cáncer gástrico temprano y tratados curativamente con disección endoscópica de la submucosa. Conclusión: Utilizando cromoendoscopia sistemática esta serie ha demostrado que uno de 325 voluntarios sanos tiene cáncer gástrico temprano, y 1 de cada 33 tiene lesión gástrica premaligna explicando así la alta prevalencia de cáncer gástrico avanzado en la región. En voluntarios sanos de Colombia el cáncer gástrico temprano es diagnosticable y curable.


Indroduction: Gastric cancer is the most common maligancy in South America and East Asia. In addition to the high mortality, in Colombia a great disvantage is the lack of data regarding premalignant lesions and early cancer. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of systematic chromoendoscopy in the prevalence of early cancer and gastric premalignant lesions. A total of 950 were invited to participate, 800 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and finally 650 were analyzed. Results: None of participants had normal gastric mucosa. Mild antrum gastritis was found in 21.8% (142/650), meanwhile moderate or severe antrum gastritis in 77.4% (508/650). Atrophy and metaplasia was found in 14.5% (94/650) and 15.5% (101/650) respectively. H Pilory infection was found in 7.3%, 79.3% 75.5% 57.4% y 0% of subjects with mild, moderate and severe, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia respectively. Gastric premalignant lesion was found in 30% (195/650). Two subjects were diagnosed as early gastric cancer and treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with curability as final result. Conclusions: By systematic chromoendoscopy this series has demonstrated that 1/325 healthy volunteers had early gastric cancer and that 1/33 had a premalignant lesion explaining in part the high prevalence of gastric cancer in the region. Bases on this series, gastric cancer is diagnosable and curable among healthy volunteers in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Endoscopy , Helicobacter pylori , Mass Screening , Stomach Neoplasms
5.
Investig. segur. soc. salud ; 5: 165-178, 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1400008

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Planear, diseñar y ejecutar la estandarización de las metodologías analíticas cuyo montaje se ha realizado con anterioridad. Métodos Una vez establecido el método de ensayo se realiza un análisis preliminar de reproducibilidad y un análisis de interferencia por matriz, para luego realizar la validación y calcular los atributos del método. Resultados En el Laboratorio de Salud Pública se estandarizaron trece métodos analíticos a los cuales se les calcularon los atributos de: límite de detección, límite de cuantificación, exactitud, precisión, sensibilidad y rango útil. Conclusiones Se determinó la alta confiabilidad de las pruebas analíticas del Laboratorio de Salud Pública para la generación de intervenciones sanitarias.


Objective To plan, design and execute the standardization of analytical methodologies that have been previously assembled. Methods Once the test method has been established, a preliminary reproducibility analysis and a matrix interference analysis are performed, and then the validation and calculation of the method attributes are carried out. Results Thirteen analytical methods were standardized in the Public Health Laboratory and the following attributes were calculated: limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and useful range. Conclusions The high reliability of the analytical tests of the Public Health Laboratory for the generation of health interventions was determined.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Reference Standards , Laboratories , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods , Health , Public Health , Limit of Detection , Methods
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