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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e220064, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386357

ABSTRACT

It is widely accepted that science is universal by nature. However, to make science universal, access to research findings is imperative. The open access model of publication of academic articles was established and consolidated during the last two decades. However, most of the open access journals apply article-processing charges (APCs), which can cost more than USD 10,000.00. In regions where support for research is scarce, these funds are usually not available. Similar problems occur in countries with weak economies and, consequently, unfavorable currency conversion rates. This situation reveals a barrier to the alleged universality of science and the access to research findings. In this manuscript, the barriers faced by authors and institutions from low-to-middle income regions to cover APCs and make their science freely available are discussed and illustrated with recent numbers.

2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 116: e210357, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360597

ABSTRACT

Brazilian science is under attack. In this manuscript, we will discuss the most recent events that, if not reverted, will make Brazilian science inviable. We urge the scientific community in Brazil and abroad to stand up and resist in defense of more than a century of essential scientific contributions.

4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(4): 945-955, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769647

ABSTRACT

Abstract A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.


Subject(s)
Brazil/economics , Brazil/education , Brazil/history , Brazil , Brazil/organization & administration , Education/economics , Education/education , Education/history , Education , Education/organization & administration , /economics , /education , /history , /organization & administration , Humans/economics , Humans/education , Humans/history , Humans , Humans/organization & administration , International Cooperation/economics , International Cooperation/education , International Cooperation/history , International Cooperation , International Cooperation/organization & administration , Laboratory Personnel/economics , Laboratory Personnel/education , Laboratory Personnel/history , Laboratory Personnel , Laboratory Personnel/organization & administration , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/education , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/history , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration , United States/economics , United States/education , United States/history , United States , United States/organization & administration
5.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 76(1): 67-84, Mar. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-355268

ABSTRACT

Ceramide monohexosides (CMHs, cerebrosides) are glycosphingolipids composed of a hydrophobic ceramide linked to one sugar unit. In fungal cells, CMHs are very conserved molecules consisting of a ceramide moiety containing 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine in amidic linkage to 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic or 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids, and a carbohydrate portion consisting of one residue of glucose or galactose. 9-Methyl 4,8-sphingadienine-containing ceramides are usually glycosylated to form fungal cerebrosides, but the recent description of a ceramide dihexoside (CDH) presenting phytosphingosine in Magnaporthe grisea suggests the existence of alternative pathways of ceramide glycosylation in fungal cells. Along with their unique structural characteristics, fungal CMHs have a peculiar subcellular distribution and striking biological properties. In Pseudallescheria boydii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus nidulans, A. fumigatus, and Schizophyllum commune, CMHs are apparently involved in morphological transitions and fungal growth. The elucidation of structural and functional aspects of fungal cerebrosides may therefore contribute to the design of new antifungal agents inhibiting growth and differentiation of pathogenic species.


Subject(s)
Cerebrosides , Fungi , Cerebrosides , Chromatography, Gas , Glycosylation , Mass Spectrometry
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