Vocal Folds Leukoplakia: The Efficacy of Vitamin A in the Initial Treatment

Abstract Introduction Laryngeal leukoplakia corresponds to a white lesion in the mucosa developed by the deposit of keratin in the epithelium, potentiated by chronic smoking. It is considered a preneoplastic lesion. Surgery is the most adopted treatment; however, non-surgical treatment is advocated by some authors. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A in the management of vocal fold leukoplakia. Methods Patients with videolaryngoscopy diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia were selected. The endoscopic images were photographed and with the aid of the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), the proportion of the size of the leukoplakia was calculated. Eligible patients were prescribed 50,000U of vitamin A, twice daily for 2 months, at which point videolaryngostroboscopy was repeated for comparative analysis between pre and posttreatment. The efficacy of the treatment was classified as: outcome I - complete improvement of the lesion, outcome II - partial improvement, and outcome III - no difference or increased lesion size. Results Fifteen patients (eight women, seven men) were included, six of whom had bilateral lesions. Smoking was reported in 86.8% of patients. Complete improvement of the lesion was found in 7 cases (33.4%, outcome I), partial improvement in 6 (28.6%, outcome II), and worsening of the injury in 8 (38.1%, outcome III). Of the latter, 6 underwent microsurgery; histopathology indicated absence of dysplasia in 3, and mild dysplasia in 3. Conclusions In this study, the treatment with vitamin A at a dose of 100,000 IU daily for 2 months was effective in reducing the laryngeal leukoplakia size in 62% of cases.

Antennal sensilla of two species of Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

ABSTRACT The present study describes the morphology of the antennal sensilla of adults of Gymnetis holosericea (Voet, 1779) and Gymnetis rufilateris (Illiger, 1800). The adults of Gymnetis spp. were sexed and antenna of males and females were dissected. Both species have sensilla chaetica, trichodea, placodea (type I and II), coeloconica (type I and II), and ampullacea (or pore). Females of G. holosericea have a total of about 19,995 sensilla and males have about 23,273 sensilla, and females of G. rufilateris have about 16,633 sensilla and males have about 21,184 sensilla. Sensilla placodea are the predominant type of sensilla in males and females of G. holosericea and G. rufilateris.

Antennal sensilla in Cyclocephala literata Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) / Sensilas antenais em Cyclocephala literata Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

Abstract: Adults of the beetle Cyclocephala literata Burmeister, 1847 are important pollinators to some Magnoliaceae. Is known that insects could find host plants by detecting volatiles through antennal sensilla. Cyclocephala has its three distal antennomeres lamellate, and the surface of each lamella has sensilla trichodea, chaetica, placodea, coeloconica, basiconica and ampullacea. Three kinds of sensilla placodea were found (type I, II and III), and two kinds of sensilla coeloconica were observed (type I and II). Females have on average 10,776 sensilla, of which 10,214 are sensilla placodea, 536 are sensilla coeloconica, and 26 are sensilla basiconica. Males have on average 10,386 sensilla, of which 9,873 are sensilla placodea, 464 are sensilla coeloconica, and 49 are sensilla basiconica. Males and females have similar quantities of sensilla, and sensilla placodea are predominant. The differences observed in the number of sensilla of males and females were found in other beetles and were attributed to the detection of cospecific sexual pheromones by one of the sexes, or to the detection of plant volatiles. The antennal sensilla of C. literata is described and quantified in present study, and some perspectives about the differences kind of chemical communication, pollination, and antennae dimorphism is discussed.

Resumo: Adultos do besouro Cyclocephala literata Burmeister, 1847 desempenham importantes funções de polinização em plantas da família Magnoliaceae. É conhecido que muitos insetos encontram plantas hospedeiras pela detecção de voláteis pelas sensilas antenais. Cyclocephala possui os três antenômeros distais lamelados e na superfície de cada lamela possuem sensila trichodea, caética, placódea, coelocônica, basicônica e ampulacea. Foram encontrados três tipos de sensilas placódeas (tipo I, II e III), e dois tipos de sensilas coelocônicas (tipo I e II). Fêmeas apresentam em média 10.776 sensilas, das quais 10.214 são sensilas placódeas, 536 são sensilas coelocônicas e 26 são sensilas basicônicas. Os machos apresentaram em média 10.386 sensilas, das quais 9.873 são sensilas placódeas, 464 são sensilas coelocônicas e 49 são sensilas basicônicas. Machos e fêmeas apresentam quantidades semelhantes de sensilas e as sensilas placódeas são predominantes. As diferenças encontradas nas quantidades de sensilas em machos e fêmeas também foram encontradas em outros besouros e foram atribuídas a detecção de feromônios coespecíficos por um dos sexos, ou para detecção de voláteis de plantas. A sensila antenal de C. literata é descrita e quantificada no presente estudo, e algumas perspectivas sobre as diferenças entre os tipos de comunicação química, polinização e dimorfismo antenal é discutido.

Identification and description of the antennal sensilla of Liogenys suturalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

ABSTRACT Species of the scarab beetle genus Liogenys are potential pests to several crops in Brazil. This study aimed to describe the antennal sensilla of Liogenys suturalis (Blanchard, 1851). Adults were collected in a pasture area in Bálsamo, São Paulo state, Brazil, using a light trap. The antennae were dissected and images of the antennal sensilla were obtained using a scanning electron microscope. Sensilla ampulacea (pores), s. auricilica, s. basiconica, s. placodea, and s. trichodea are present in the lamellae. The antenna of females have 4399 sensilla, of which 3671 (83.5%) are s. placodea, 422 (9.5%) s. coeloconica, and 306 (6.9%) s. auricilica. The antennae of males have 4039 sensilla, of which 3117 (77.1%) are s. placodea, 353 (8.7%) s. coeloconica, and 569 (14.1%) s. auricilica. The antennal sensilla of the genus Liogenys have been described for the first time.

Is there a relationship between diet quality and bone health in elderly women? A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between diet quality and bone health in a group of elderly Brazilian women. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 105 elderly women. Participants were evaluated regarding diet quality (good, needing improvement, and poor) and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and C-telopeptide (CTX). Results: Fifty eight participants (55.2%) presented a poor-quality diet and 47 (44.8%) required dietary improvements, while no subjects presented a good quality diet. The group requiring dietary improvements had lower CTX [0.35 (0.05;1.09) vs. 0.52 (0.10;1.45); p = 0.03)] and BSAP (38.7 ± 12.9 U/L vs. 46.10 ± 15.2 U/L; p < 0.01) levels than the poor-quality diet group. Groups did not differ in terms of BMD. Conclusion: In this group of elderly Brazilian women, there was a relationship between diet quality and bone health, where worse diet quality was associated with higher levels of bone remodelling markers.

Morphology of the antennal sensilla of two species of Hoplopyga Thomson, 1880 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

ABSTRACT Antennal sensilla are important functional elements of sensory systems in insects. This study aimed to determine the morphology and structure of the sensilla of two species of the genus Hoplopyga. Adults of Hoplopyga liturata (Olivier, 1789) were collected in traps with sugarcane juice as an attractant. Thereafter, larvae of Hoplopyga albiventris (Gory and Percheron, 1833) were collected in mounds of termites (Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar, 1832) Isoptera). Then, they were reared in the laboratory for adult observations. Antennae of H. liturata and H. albiventris have sensilla chaetica, trichodea, placodea (type I and II), coeloconica (type I and II), and ampullacea (or pore). Females of H. liturata have a total of about 10657 sensilla and males have about 12512, whereas females of H. albiventris have about 16490 sensilla and the males 24565 sensilla. Sensilla placodea are predominant in the antenna of males and females of both species.

An estimate of the incidence and prevalence of laryngeal papillomatosis in São Paulo State (Brasil)

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis, caused by the Human Papilloma Virus, has a significant economic impact worldwide and there are no epidemiological data of this disease in Brasil. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of laryngeal papillomatosis of some otorhinolaryngology centers in São Paulo State (Brasil). METHODS: A questionnaire containing data on the number of new and follow-up cases diagnosed with laryngeal papillomatosis was sent to the Otorhinolaryngology services (n=35) of São Paulo State (Brasil). RESULTS: A total of 20 otorhinolaryngology centers answered the questionnaire. Of these, the five largest regional health centers were selected as follows: Campinas (42 cities - 4,536,657 inhabitants), Sao Jose do Rio Preto (102 cities - 1,602,845 inhabitants), Ribeirão Preto (26 cities - 1,483,715 inhabitants), Bauru (68 cities - 1,770,427 inhabitants), and Sorocaba (47 cities - 2,478,208 inhabitants). The incidence and prevalence of each regional health centers were, respectively: Campinas (5.51;7.27), Sorocaba (2.02;6.86), São José do Rio Preto (1.87;7.49), Ribeirão Preto (11.46;22.92), and Bauru (3.95;7.91). CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence of the laryngeal papillomatosis of the five largest regional health centers of the interior of São Paulo State (Brasil) varied between 1.87 to 11.46 and 6.86 to 22.92 per 1,000,000 inhabitants, respectively for a total population of 11,871,852 inhabitants.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A papilomatose recorrente da laringe, causada pelo vírus do papiloma humano, tem um impacto econômico significativo em todo o mundo e não existem dados epidemiológicos dessa doença no Brasil. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a incidência e prevalência de papilomatose laríngea em alguns centros de otorrinolaringologia do estado de São Paulo (Brasil). MÉTODOS: Um questionário contendo dados sobre o número de casos novos e de retornos diagnosticados com papilomatose laríngea foi enviado aos serviços de otorrinolaringologia (n-35) do estado de São Paulo (Brasil). RESULTADOS: Vinte centros de otorrinolaringologia responderam ao questionário e, destes, os cinco maiores centros regionais de saúde foram selecionados da seguinte forma: Campinas (42 cidades - 4.536.657 habitantes), São José do Rio Preto (102 cidades - 1.602.845 habitantes), Ribeirão Preto (26 cidades - 1.483.715 habitantes), Bauru (68 cidades - 1.770.427 habitantes) e Sorocaba (47 cidades - 2.478.208 habitantes). A incidência e prevalência de cada centro de saúde regional foram, respectivamente: Campinas (5,51; 7,27), Sorocaba (2,02; 6,86), São José do Rio Preto (1,87; 7,49), Ribeirão Preto (11,46; 22,92), Bauru (3,95; 7,91). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência e prevalência da papilomatose laríngea dos cinco mais importantes centros regionais de saúde do interior do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) variaram entre 1,87 e 11,46 e 6,86 e 22,92, por 1.000.000 de habitantes, respectivamente, para uma população total de 11.871.852 habitantes.

QT Interval Dispersion Behavior in Patients With and Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Exercise Test

Abstract Background: Stress test is used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). The QTc interval dispersion (dQTc) is an electrocardiographic index of ventricular repolarization heterogeneity. Some researchers have linked transient myocardial ischemia induced by physical exertion with increased heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization measured by dQTc. Objectives: To study the patterns of dQT in patients with and without chronic obstructive CAD and to define a reliable cutoff point for dQT that could become a diagnostic criterion for myocardial ischemia. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the electrocardiogram in resting and in exercise of 63 patients submitted to exercise test and cardiac catheterization. We divided the patients into three groups: true negative (VN), true positive (VP) and false positive (FP). VN: patients with coronary lesion lower than 70% and exercise test without myocardial ischemia; VP: individuals with stenosis greater than 70% in coronary arteries and a test suggestive of myocardial ischemia; FP: people with stenosis lower than 70% in the coronary arteries and stress test with ischemia criteria. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Resting dQTc was not different among the three groups. However, for the dispersion of the QTc interval in exercise was, respectively, 47 ± 17 ms, 72 ± 42 ms, and 61 ± 31 ms for VN, VP and FP (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Obstructive chronic coronary disease patients have an increase in dQTc during exercise. Measurement of dQTc may be helpful in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in the stress test.

Humanização da assistência ao parto e nascimento: realidade x expectativas / Humanization of childbirth and birth care: reality x expectations

Objetivo: Refletir sobre a Política Nacional de Humanização, bem como sobre as expectativas de parturientes acerca da humanização da assistência ao parto, à luz do que há publicado na literatura. Metodologia: Tratase de um estudo reflexivo, elaborado para aprofundar a discussão sobre o tema na atualidade. Utiliza-se artigos científicos para fundamentação da discussão proposta. A reflexão encontra-se subdividida em dois tópicos: Política Nacional de Humanização e Expectativas da Parturiente sobre o Parto Humanizado. Resultados: Uma assistência obstétrica humanizada ao parto e nascimento depende do respeito aos aspectos da fisiologia do parto e do nascimento, da organização de rotinas com procedimentos comprovadamente benéficos, evitando-se intervenções desnecessárias, do estabelecimento de relações baseadas em princípios éticos, garantindo-se privacidade e autonomia. Considerações finais: Faz-se necessário investimentos na educação durante o pré-natal, voltados ao empoderamento das futuras parturientes, através de informações quanto à humanização e seus direitos, que são capazes de minimizar resultados obstétricos negativos.

Objective: To reflect on the National Humanization Policy, as well as on the expectations of parturient regarding the humanization of childbirth care, in the light of what has been published in the literature. Methodology: It is a reflective study, designed to deepen the discussion on the topic today, using scientific articles to support the proposed discussion. The reflection is subdivided into two topics: National Humanization Policy and Expectations of the Parturient on Humanized Childbirth. Results: Humanized obstetric care during childbirth and birth depends on respect for aspects of the physiology of childbirth and birth, the organization of routines with proven beneficial procedures, avoiding unnecessary interventions, the establishment of relationships based on ethical principles, ensuring privacy and autonomy. Final considerations: Investments in education during prenatal care are necessary, aimed at empowering future parturient, through information regarding humanization and their rights, which are able to minimize negative obstetric results.

Description of mating behavior, life cycle, and antennal sensilla of Cyclocephala putrida Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) / Descrição do comportamento de cópula, ciclo de vida e sensilas antenais de Cyclocephala putrida Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)

Abstract The genus Cyclocephala is common in Brazil (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). The adults of some species are important pollinators, and the larvae develop in the soil, feed on organic matter, and contribute to nutrient cycle, but immatures of some species feed on plant roots, and some were registered causing damage in crops. The mating process of some phytophagous scarab beetles has a chemical recognition step, and the antenna is the main structure involved in the detection of odorants associated with insect communication. In the present study the mating behavior, life cycle, and antennal sensilla of C. putrida are described. The study was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, Brazil. Adults were collected by a light trap installed from January 2016 to December 2017 and were taken to the laboratory for studies. Adults swarms are brief and were registered from January to February, and specimens were mostly collected at 20:00 to 22:00h. Chemical recognition may occur at least during one of the mating steps, during which the couple kept their antennae moving and the lamellae open, while females select males. In laboratory, the mating process lasted 7.5 minutes on average. The antennae of females have about 3399 sensilla and males about 4229 sensilla. Sensilla placodea types I, II, and III are the most abundant, and sensilla ampullacea, basiconica, and coeloconica are also present. The embryonic period lasted 16.0 days; first, second and third instars lasted 16.0, 48.3, and 165.3 days, respectively. The pupal period lasted 24.0 days. The period between egg deposition and adult emergency is about 271.5 days.

Resumo O gênero Cyclocephala é comum no Brasil (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). Os adultos de algumas espécies são importantes polinizadores, e a larva desenvolve-se no solo, alimenta-se de matéria orgânica e contribui para a ciclagem de nutrientes, mas imaturos de algumas espécies alimentam-se de raízes de plantas, e alguns são registrados causando danos em plantas cultivadas. O processo de cópula de algumas espécies de Scarabaeidae fitófagos, apresentam reconhecimento químico, e nas antenas aparecem várias estruturas responsáveis pela detecção dos odores envolvidos na comunicação. No presente trabalho o comportamento de cópula, ciclo de vida e sensilas antenais de Cyclocephala putrida são descritos. O estudo foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, Brasil. Adultos foram coletados com armadilha luminosa instalada de Janeiro de 2016 a Dezembro de 2017, e levados para laboratório para estudos. Os adultos revoam por curto período de janeiro a fevereiro, e os espécimes foram coletados em maior quantidade das 20:00 às 22:00 h. O reconhecimento químico possivelmente ocorre durante as etapas que envolvem o comportamento de cópula, no qual o casal mantém as antenas em movimento e as lamelas abertas e as fêmeas selecionam os machos. Em laboratório a cópula dura 7,5 minutos em média. As antenas das fêmeas possuem 3399 sensilas e os machos 4229 sensilas, e as sensilas placódeas dos tipos I, II e III, foram as mais abundantes e sensilas ampuláceas, basicônicas e coelocônicas também estão presentes. O estágio de ovo durou 16,0 dias; o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instar duraram 16,0, 48,3 e 165,3 dias, respectivamente. O período pupal durou 24,0 dias. O período entre deposição dos ovos e emergência dos adultos é de 271,5 dias em média.

Isometric handgrip training does not improve quality of life in hypertensives / Treinamento isométrico com handgrip não melhora qualidade de vida em hipertensos

Hypertensive patients have high blood pressure and poor cardiovascular health and it is known that hypertension negatively affects people's health-related quality of life. Meta-analyses have shown that isometric handgrip training (IHT) reduces blood pressure in hypertensives, but the effects of IHT on health-related quality of life is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that the IHT improves health-related quality of life in hypertensives. In this randomized controlled trial, 48 hypertensive individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: IHT and control. IHT was completed thrice weekly (4 × 2 min at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction). Before and after 12 weeks healthrelated quality of life was assessment through Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 (SF36). No significant effect was observed for physical function (IHT: 85.6±4.6 vs. 81.1±7.2; Control: 78.6±76.7±4.9), physical problems (IHT: 71.4±10.1vs. 83.9±8.1; Control: 73.8±8.2 vs. 64.3±8.0), general health (IHT: 56.1±3.7 vs. 57.1±1.9; Control: 54.3±1.6 vs. 57.6±2.1), pain (IHT: 23.6±4.6 vs. 30.7±5.8; Control: 32.9±4.5 vs. 31.9±4.3), social aspects (IHT: 46.4±3.6 vs. 50.0±2.3; Control: 48.8±2.7 vs. 48.8±1.7), emotional problems (IHT: 85.7±8.4 vs. 92.9±5.2; Control: 79.4±7.8 vs. 71.4±6.6), mental health (IHT: 61.7±2.8 vs. 58.0±2.5; Control: 54.5±2.4 ± 55.6±1.9), and vitality (IHT: 60.0±4.3 vs. 58.6±4.0; Control: 50.7±2.9 vs. 53.6±3.0) after 12-weeks of supervised IHT (p>0.05 for all). In conclusion, 12-weeks of IHT does not improve health-related quality of life in hypertensives. Therefore, in order to improve quality of life, other exercises should be an indicated for hypertensive patients...(AU)

Pacientes hipertensos têm pressão arterial elevada e saúde cardiovascular prejudicada, e, sabese que a hipertensão também afeta negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde. Meta-análises têm demonstrado que o treinamento de exercício isométrico com handgrip (IHT) reduz pressão arterial, mas os efeitos do IHT na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde são esconhecidos. Portanto, foi testado a hipótese que o IHT melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde em hipertensos. Nesse ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, 48 hipertensos foram randomizados em IHT e controle. IHT foi realizado três vezes semanais (4 x 2 minutos a 30% da contração voluntária máxima). Antes e após 12 semanas, a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde foi avaliada pelo Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36. Nenhum efeito significante foi observado para função física (IHT: 85,6±4,6 vs. 81,1±7,2; Controle: 78,6±76,7±4,9), problemas físicos (IHT: 71,4±10,1 vs. 83,9±8,1; Controle: 73,8±8,2 vs. 64,3±8,0), estado geral de saúde (IHT: 56,1±3,7 vs. 57,1±1,9; Controle: 54,3±1,6 vs. 57,6±2,1), dor (IHT: 23,6±4,6 vs. 30,7±5,8; Controle: 32,9±4,5 vs. 31,9±4,3), aspectos sociais (IHT: 46,4±3,6 vs. 50,0±2,3; Controle: 48,8±2,7 vs. 48,8±1,7), problemas emocionais (IHT: 85,7±8,4 vs. 92,9±5,2; Controle: 79,4±7,8 vs. 71,4±6,6), saúde mental (IHT: 61,7±2,8 vs. 58,0±2,5; Controle: 54,5±2,4 ± 55,6±1,9), e vitalidade (IHT: 60,0±4,3 vs. 58,6±4,0; Controle: 50,7±2,9 vs. 53,6±3,0) após 12 semanas de IHT (p>0.05 para todos). Em conclusão, 12 semanas de IHT não melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde em hipertensos. Portanto, para melhorar a qualidade de vida, outras modalidades de exercício deveriam ser indicadas para pacientes hipertensos...(AU)

Population dynamics and description of larva and pupa of Cyclocephala tucumana Bréthes, 1904 in West-Central Brazil, and remarks on immatures of other Cyclocephala species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

ABSTRACT Some species of Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) were reported as crop or pasture pests. Within this genus, Cyclocephla tucumana Bréthes, 1904 was noticed in cultivated areas in South Brazil, 2009 − 2010. Other study found larvae of the species associated with pastures in Aquidauana, Mato Grasso do Sul State (MS), 2009. In the present study, larvae of C. tucumana were collected in pasture areas from August 2015 to July 2016, in Cassilândia, MS. The material was reared in laboratory for the description of immatures, and the regional population was studied to clarify its dynamics. Immatures were abundant throughout the years and are described for the first time. Taxonomic discussion, updated key to larvae and pupae, and a teratological note are also added.

Laryngeal and vocal alterations after thyroidectomy / Alterações laríngeas e vocais após tireoidectomia

Abstract Introduction: Dysphonia is a common symptom after thyroidectomy. Objective: To analyze the vocal symptoms, auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal, videolaryngoscopy, the surgical procedures and histopathological findings in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Methods: Prospective study. Patients submitted to thyroidectomy were evaluated as follows: anamnesis, laryngoscopy, and acoustic vocal assessments. Moments: pre-operative, 1st post (15 days), 2nd post (1 month), 3rd post (3 months), and 4th post (6 months). Results: Among the 151 patients (130 women; 21 men). Type of surgery: lobectomy + isthmectomy n = 40, total thyroidectomy n = 88, thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection n = 23. Vocal symptoms were reported by 42 patients in the 1st post (27.8%) decreasing to 7.2% after 6 months. In the acoustic analysis, f0 and APQ were decreased in women. Videolaryngoscopies showed that 144 patients (95.3%) had normal exams in the preoperative moment. Vocal fold palsies were diagnosed in 34 paralyzes at the 1st post, 32 recurrent laryngeal nerve (lobectomy + isthmectomy n = 6; total thyroidectomy n = 17; thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection n = 9) and 2 superior laryngeal nerve (lobectomy + isthmectomy n = 1; Total thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection n = 1). After 6 months, 10 patients persisted with paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (6.6%). Histopathology and correlation with vocal fold palsy: colloid nodular goiter (n = 76; palsy n = 13), thyroiditis (n = 8; palsy n = 0), and carcinoma (n = 67; palsy n = 21). Conclusion: Vocal symptoms, reported by 27.8% of the patients on the 1st post decreased to 7% in 6 months. In the acoustic analysis, f0 and APQ were decreased. Transient paralysis of the vocal folds secondary to recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve injury occurred in, respectively, 21% and 1.3% of the patients, decreasing to 6.6% and 0% after 6 months.

Resumo Introdução: A disfonia é um sintoma comum após a tireoidectomia. Objetivo: Analisar os sintomas vocais, auditivo-perceptivos e acústica vocal, videolaringoscopia, procedimento cirúrgico e achados histopatológicos em pacientes submetidos à tireoidectomia. Método: Estudo prospectivo. Pacientes submetidos à tireoidectomia foram avaliados da seguinte forma: anamnese, laringoscopia e avaliações vocais acústicas. Momentos: pré-operatório, 1ª avaliação pós (15 dias), 2ª avaliação pós (1 mês), 3ª avaliação pós (3 meses) e 4ª avaliação pós-operatória (6 meses). Resultados: Dos 151 pacientes, 130 eram mulheres e 21, homens. Tipos de cirurgia: lobectomia + istmectomia n = 40, tireoidectomia total n = 88, tireoidectomia + dissecção de linfonodo n = 23. Sintomas vocais foram relatados por 42 pacientes na 1ª avaliação pós-operatória (27,8%), reduzidos para 7,2% após 6 meses. Na análise acústica, f0 e APQ estavam diminuídos nas mulheres. As videolaringoscopias mostraram que 144 pacientes (95,3%) tiveram exames normais no momento pré-operatório. Paralisia das cordas vocais foi diagnosticada em 34 pacientes na 1ª avaliação pós-operatória, 32 do nervo laríngeo recorrente (lobectomia + istmectomia - n = 6; tireoidectomia total - n = 17; tireoidectomia total + dissecção de linfonodos - n = 9) e 2 do nervo laríngeo superior (lobectomia + istmectomia - n = 1; tireoidectomia total + dissecção de linfonodos - n = 1). Após 6 meses, 10 pacientes persistiram com paralisia do nervo laríngeo recorrente (6,6%). Histopatologia e correlação com paralisia das cordas vocais: bócio coloide nodular (n = 76; paralisia n = 13), tireoidite (n = 8; paralisia n = 0) e carcinoma (n = 67; paralisia n = 21). Conclusão: Os sintomas vocais, relatados por 27,8% dos pacientes na 1ª avaliação pós-operatória, diminuíram para 7% em 6 meses. Na análise acústica, f0 e APQ diminuíram. A paralisia transitória de cordas vocais secundária à lesão do nervo laríngeo recorrente e nervo laríngeo superior ocorreu, respectivamente, em 21% e 1,3% dos pacientes, reduziu-se para 6,6% e 0% após 6 meses.

Aspects of mating behavior and antennal sensilla in Anomala inconstans Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) / Aspectos do comportamento de cópula e sensilos antenais em Anomala inconstans Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

Abstract: When suitable, adults of Scarabaeidae usually form swarms to find food and breeding sites. The steps of mating behavior can be mediated by chemical communication, and antennal sensilla are released volatiles detection structures, as sexual pheromones. In present work the mating behavior and the antennal sensilla of Anomala inconstans Burmeister, 1844 are described. The study was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, Brazil from March 2015 to December 2017. Adults were collected through a light trap and taken to the laboratory for studies. Field and laboratory observations provided data for the description of the steps of mating behavior. Adults swarms were registered from September to November 2015 at 05:30 pm to 00:00 am. Females display a calling behavior from 05:25 pm to 08:00 pm, in which they rub their posterior legs against their abdomen, and after a few minutes males are able to locate them. In laboratory, the mating process lasted 20.4 minutes on average, and the possibility of chemical communication between adults was here discussed. The antennae of the species have trichoid, chaetica, placoid types I, II and III, and coeloconic types I and II sensilla. Placoid sensilla are the most abundant and females have more sensilla than males.

Resumo: Em condições adequadas os adultos de Scarabaeidae geralmente realizam revoadas em busca de alimento e áreas de reprodução. As etapas relacionadas ao comportamento de cópula podem ser intermediadas por comunicação química, e os sensilos antenais são as estruturas que detectam os voláteis como os feromônios sexuais. No presente trabalho o comportamento de cópula e os sensilos antenais de Anomala inconstans Burmeister, 1844 são descritos. Os estudos foram conduzidos na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, de março de 2015 a dezembro de 2017. Adultos foram coletados com armadilha luminosa e conduzidos para laboratório para estudos. Observações de campo e de laboratório permitiram a descrição das etapas do comportamento de cópula. Os adultos revoaram de setembro a novembro de 2015 das 17:30h as 24:00h. As fêmeas apresentam o comportamento de chamamento das 17:25h as 20:00h, no qual atrita o terceiro par de pernas no abdome e, transcorridos alguns minutos, os machos as localizam. Em laboratório a cópula durou em média 20,4 minutos, sendo verificada a possibilidade de comunicação química entre os adultos. Nas antenas foram encontrados sensilos tricódios, chaéticos, placódios dos tipos I, II e III, e coelocônicos tipo I e II. Os sensilos placódios são os mais abundantes, e as fêmeas possuem mais sensilos do que os machos.

Mating behavior and description of immature stages of Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), identification key and remarks on known immatures of Cyclocephalini species

ABSTRACT Mating behavior and description of immature stages of Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), identification key and remarks on known immatures of Cyclocephalini species. Some species of Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 are regarded as rhizophagous crop pests and others as beneficial species. The objective of this work was to report the mating behavior and to describe the immature stages of C. melanocephala. The studies were developed at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul in Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Adults were collected with a light trap from September to December 2014 and 2015 to carry out studies of mating behavior, breeding, and descriptions of immature stages. Copulation lasted 10.4 ± 4.3 min and took place from 19:00 to 24:00 h. Some females refused males for mating and moved away from them. Regarding flight period, adults were collected in larger quantities from 20:00 to 23:00 h. Identification keys to immatures of three genera of Cyclocephalini, including several Cyclocephala species are presented.

De Jane Marcet ao visconde de Vilarinho de São Romão: conversas sobre química no século XIX / From Jane Marcet to the Viscount of Vilarinho de São Romão: conversations about chemistry in the nineteenth century

Resumo O livro de Jane Marcet Conversations on chemistry foi adaptado e publicado em português, em 1834, por António Teixeira Girão, por meio da tradução da adaptação de Anselme Payen, publicada em 1825. Nessa versão, Girão introduz grande número de notas e novo capítulo. Este artigo analisa o conteúdo científico e as circunstâncias da publicação da obra de Girão, no contexto das diversas formas em que Conversations foi adaptado em diferentes datas e países. Para isso, foi realizada uma compilação das edições acessíveis em bibliotecas públicas de todo o mundo. Na análise, são também abordadas problemáticas da autoria, tradução e adaptação, assim como questões de gênero, envolvidas na edição científica no século XIX.

Abstract Jane Marcet's Conversations on chemistry was adapted and published in Portuguese by António Teixeira Girão in 1834, based on a translation of Anselme Payen's adaptation, released in 1825. Girão added many notes and a new chapter to his version. The article analyzes the scientific content and circumstances surrounding publication of Girão's book within the context of the diverse approaches used in adapting Conversations at different moments in time and in different countries. The analysis draws from our compilation of editions accessible online at public libraries around the world. It also explores issues related to authorship, translation, adaptation, and gender in scientific publishing in the nineteenth century.

Tetanus in horses: an overview of 70 cases / Tétano em equinos: um panorama de 70 casos

Tetanus is characterized by high case fatality rates in horses. Comprehensive case series studies involving equine tetanus from different geographic areas enable the evaluation of prognosis, efficacy of treatment, and control measures. We retrospectively investigated some selected epidemiological data (breed, age, gender, use of the horses, history of vaccination, seasonality, presence of wound/history of surgical procedures, clinical outcomes) and main clinical aspects (clinical signs, incubation period, length of hospitalization, and period between onset signs and hospitalization) in 70 cases of equine tetanus over 1990-2015, with emphasis in the association between these data and the clinical outcomes. High mortality rate (72.9%) was observed in this study. Forty (57.1%) horses presented history of wounds or surgical procedures related with tetanus, represented mainly by lesions in the hind limbs (42.5%), front limbs (15.0%), umbilical infections (7.1%), castration (4.3%), and face wounds (4.3%). Hyperesthesia, limb spasticity, cervical stiffness, tetanic spasms, and restriction of jaw movement were the main consistent clinical signs. Besides no statistical association, all the horses with umbilical infections, wounds in face, prolonged recumbency, sweating, dysphagia/aphagia died, and together with delay between onset of first clinical signs and prompt veterinary assistance (< 5 days) were considered indicative of poor prognosis; whereas there was a significant association (p=0.001) between survival and length of hospitalization > 7 days, seemed as an evidence of good prognosis. The high mortality rate of tetanus, even in horses under specific treatment, highlight the need for early diagnosis, prompt veterinary assistance, and establishment of prophylatic measures in equine farms.(AU)

Tétano é caracterizado por elevada mortalidade em equinos. Estudos envolvendo séries de casos da doença provenientes de diferentes áreas geográficas possibilitam avaliar o prognóstico, eficácia do tratamento e ações de controle. Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, os principais achados epidemiológicos (raça, idade, sexo, uso dos equinos, história de vacinação, sazonalidade, presença de lesões/histórico de procedimentos cirúrgicos e evolução dos casos) e aspectos clínicos (sinais clínicos, período de incubação, tempo de hospitalização e período entre início dos sinais e hospitalização) em 70 casos de tétano em equinos atendidos entre 1990 e 2015, com ênfase na associação entre os dados clínico-epidemiológicos e a evolução dos casos (mortalidade). Foi observada alta mortalidade (72,9%) nos equinos. Do total de equinos, 57,1% apresentavam lesões ou histórico de procedimentos cirúrgicos relacionados com tétano, representados principalmente por lesões em membros posteriores (42,5%), membros anteriores (15,0%), infecções umbilicais (7,1%), castração (4,3%) e lesões de face (4,3%). Hiperestesia, espasticidade dos membros, rigidez de pescoço, espasmos tetânicos e restrição aos movimentos de mandíbula foram os principais sinais clínicos observados. Apesar da ausência de significância estatística, todos os animais com presença de infecções umbilicais, lesões na face, decúbito prolongado, sudorese e disfagia/afagia evoluíram para óbito e, associado ao início dos sinais clínicos e a demora no atendimento (< 5 dias), foram considerados indicativos de prognóstico reservado. Em contraste, foi observada associação significante (p=0,001) entre a sobrevivência dos animais e o tempo de hospitalização maior que 7 dias, considerado uma indicação de bom prognóstico. A elevada mortalidade do tétano, mesmo em equinos tratados, enfatiza a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce, do rápido atendimento veterinário e adoção de medidas profiláticas nos criatórios.(AU)

Acute blood pressure responses after different isometric handgrip protocols in hypertensive patients

OBJECTIVE: The present study analyzed blood pressure responses after a single session of isometric handgrip exercise performed with different volumes and intensities by patients with hypertension. METHODS: This randomized crossover trial submitted 12 hypertensive patients (58±5 years old) to four isometric handgrip exercise sessions in a random order: 4 x 2 min at 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction (S30%); 4 x 2 min at 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (S50%2min); 4 x 3 min at 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction (S30%3min); and a control session. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and rate-pressure product were measured pre- and post-exercise (30th min). RESULTS: No significant changes were observed in cardiovascular variables after any session (p>0.05 for all comparisons). Similarly, individual analyses revealed heterogeneity in the responses, including increases in blood pressure observed in some sessions. Patients with reduced blood pressure after an isometric handgrip exercise session exhibited a higher body mass index, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (p<0.05). They also tended to be younger (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: Isometric handgrip exercise performed with different intensities and volumes did not reduce the blood pressure of hypertensive patients.

Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)

Abstract Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae). Some species of Melolonthinae are associated with several species of cropped plants, with larvae consuming roots and, in some cases, are considered as crop pests. In some agricultural regions of Brazil, larvae of L. bidenticeps are found associated with cultivated plants, and little information is available about this taxon. This study, aiming at expanding the knowledge about the morphology and behavior of this species, provides the description of immatures and mating behavior of adults. The studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, and the adults were collected with light trap and raised in the laboratory. Mating behavior was documented on video both in the field and under laboratory conditions. Descriptions and illustrations of the third instar larva and pupa are presented. Adults have crepuscular flight activity and their copulation lasts an average of 20.25 min, occurring from 19:00 to 22:00 h. On some occasions, females did not accept males for copulation, indicating an active selection of males by females. Field observations demonstrated that adults feed on Brazilian pepper leaves (Schinus terebinthifolius, Anacardiaceae) and cashew flowers (Anacardium occidentale, Anacardiaceae), where male and female meet each other and copulation occurs.

The mating behavior of Leucothyreus marginaticollis Blanchard, 1843 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) / Comportamento de cópula de Leucothyreus marginaticollis Blanchard, 1843 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

Abstract In Brazil, there are several species of the genus Leucothyreus Macleay, 1819 occurring throughout the country; however, there are only a few studies describing their biological aspects, times of occurrence, associations of adults and juveniles with native or cropped plants, as well as their mating behavior. Thus, this study aimed to assess the mating behavior of Leucothyreus marginaticollis Blanchard, 1843. The study took place in an experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana, MS, Brazil. Firstly, we sampled adult insects using light traps, from October to November 2013. Simultaneously, we registered the flight period in the field. Afterward, in the laboratory, males and females were separated and then combined into couples for observations of the mating steps. A large number of the adults mated, which lasted on average 22.71 min and occurred from 7 to 11 pm. After mating, part of the males released the females and the other part remained attached to them, which must have happened as an attempt to inhibit other males from mating with them. Moreover, a few females refused to mate with the established male, reinforcing the fact that the pairing of couples occurs after chemical identification among adults. In the field, the largest amount of adults was collected from 8 to 10 pm. Regarding eating habits, adults feed mostly on acerola leaves and flowers (Malpighia emarginata DC, Malpighiaceae), mastic gum leaves (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Anacardiaceae), grapes (Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae), apples (Malus domestica Borkh., Rosaceae), and bananas (Musa sp. L., Musaceae). To the end of the experiment, we could clarify the mating steps of L. marginaticollis in order to assist in further extraction and identification of sexual pheromone.

Resumo No Brasil várias são as espécies de Leucothyreus Macleay, 1819 que ocorrem nas diferentes regiões, entretanto, poucos são os trabalhos que descrevem os aspectos biológicos, épocas de ocorrência, associação de adultos e imaturos com plantas nativas ou cultivadas, e comportamento de cópula. Assim o presente trabalho apresentou como objetivo estudar o comportamento de cópula de Leucothyreus marginaticollis Blanchard, 1843. Os estudos foram conduzidos na fazenda experimental da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul em Aquidauana, MS, sendo realizadas coletas de adultos com armadilha luminosa de outubro a novembro de 2013. Com as coletas foram analisados os horários de voo em campo, e em laboratório machos e fêmeas foram separados, posteriormente foram formados casais e as etapas que envolvem o comportamento de cópula, verificadas. Vários adultos realizaram cópula, a qual durou em média 22,71 minutos e ocorreram das 19 às 23 horas. Após a cópula o macho se soltava da fêmea ou permanecia sobre essa, provavelmente para impedir que outro macho realizasse a cópula. Algumas fêmeas não aceitaram os machos para cópula, indicando que a formação de casais ocorre após o reconhecimento químico entre os adultos. O horário de maior coleta dos adultos em campo foi das 20 às 22 horas. Adultos podem se nutrir de folhas e flores de acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC, Malpighiaceae), folhas de aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Anacardiacea), frutos de uva (Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae), maçã (Malus domestica Borkh., Rosaceae) e banana (Musa sp. L., Musaceae), ampliando-se as informações sobre o hábito alimentar dos adultos. Foram elucidadas as etapas relacionadas ao comportamento de cópula de L. marginaticollis, a qual pode auxiliar nos processos de extração e identificação de feromônio sexual.