ABSTRACT
@#The microbiologist, who aged 44 man has work with glander DNA extraction between January and March at 2022, was developed sumptoms with fever, headache, muscle pain, weakness, cut throat, cough at 4 March, 2022. On March 7, he had tested Covid-19 and the result was negative. He was given 1gr tefazoline by eight-time interval for two days. Despite completing the therapy, episodes of fever and headache increased. A medical evaluation, which included MRI test was no disorder was developed. On March 12, painful with leg and developed muscle pain. He continued to difficulty to walk and cough, fever and weakness. On March 13, he has admitted hospital with diagnoses pneumonia. </br>He had continued sign with pneumonia in both lung, fever, infiltration with right leg, cough, headache, and glandule node in hospital. By PCR test, glander DNA was detected in sputum in National Center for Zoonotic Diseases laboratory. He recovered 20 days in hospital. </br>He has 12 days incubation period and infection route was by worked with glander strain and it was pneumonia form with laboratory-acquired human glanders. </br>Human glander case is rare in Mongolia. Three human glander cases had registered in 1966, 1972, 1977 among prison’s horse herder in Mongolia.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Tick-borne encephalitis is human viral infection involving the nervous system and transmitted by the bite of infected tick. The TBE Virus is distributed in different geographical areas by three widespread subtypes of the virus: The Far East, Europe, and Siberia. The Far East type has a mortality rate was 30-35%, the European type has a mortality rate of 2.2%, and the Siberian type has a mortality rate of 6-8% (A.G. Pletnev, 1998) [2]. </br>In recent years, human cases of tick-borne infections have been reported in 19 European countries and four Asian countries (Mongolia, China, Japan, and South Korea) [3]. </br>Human cases of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis, and tick-borne borreliosis have been registered in Mongolia since 2005. Deaths have been reported year by year [5]. </br>During 2005 to 2021, tick-borne rickettsiosis (71.6%), tick-borne encephalitis (17.3%) and tick-borne borreliosis (52.9%) were confirmed by epidemiological, clinical and laboratory tests at the NCZD. </br>Tick-borne encephalitis was registered in 63 soums of 15 provinces and 9 districts of the capital city, of which 90% were infected with tick bites in Selenge and Bulgan provinces. The average mortality rate is 4.9% (14), of which 28.6% in Bulgan province and 2.7% in Selenge province. </br>Tick-borne encephalitis is the leading cause of death in Bugat soum of Bulgan province and more infected men about 40 years of age [7]. @*Purpose @#Collect ticks from selected soums of the provinces, identify tick species, species composition, distribution, tick densities, pathogens of tick-borne diseases, conduct population surveys to assess the risk of tick-borne infections, and identify tick-borne infections.@*Material and Method@#Ticks were collected by flag from birch trees in birch forests and meadows with biotope and overgrown berries, determined morphological analyze and molecular biological investigation for detecting tickborne pathogens. </br>Questionnaires were collected from selected soum residents according to a specially designed randomized epidemiological and clinical survey card, collected information and forms were submitted to soum hospitals with a history of tick bites (according to clinical criteria). Serological tests were performed to detect IgG-specific antibodies to the collected serum mites.@*Result and conclusion@#Collected 121 ticks (120 I. persulcatus and 1 D. nuttalli) and not wound egg, larvae, nymphs. By molecular biological investigation detected 3.5% of I.persulcatus from Khutag-Undur soum of Bulgan province, 3.5% of anaplasmosis, and 14.1% of I.persulcatus mites from Bugat soum. 1.5% borreliosis, 3.1% anaplasmosis. </br>Detected DNA of 100% tick-borne rickettsiosis from D.nutalli ticks and determined circulation of infection among tick in Bugat and Khutag-Undur soums of Bulgan province. </br>247 people were surveyed, 56 blood serum from cases. Detected Q fever, erysipelas, and anaplasmosis, tick-borne borreliosis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne rickettsiosis 26 (46.4%), Japanese encephalitis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne rickettsiosis 6 (13.0%), tick-borne rickettsiosis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%), tick’s rickettsiosis Japanese encephalitis 1 (1.8%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%). </br>By investigation, vaccination (88%) and wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants (81%) were the most effective ways to prevent tick bites (81%) [15]. According to our research, the percent of population knowledge in Bulgan province was insufficient (40.9%) which there is a lack of information, training and advertisement among the population in the province.
ABSTRACT
@#Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia within the family Rickettsiaceae in the order Rickettsiales16. @*Goal@# of this survey is to define prevalence of rickettsia and define clinical symptoms in Mongolia. @*Materials and Methods@#We used achieve data of National center for Zoonotic disease 2005-2016. All data were entered into SPSS-17 program and analyzed related frequency, distribution, and mean level. @*Result@#According to transmitter tick type, prevalence of tick is increasing by year. Around 70 percent of tick borne diseases were tick borne rickettsia. It registered in 118 soums of 20 provinces and 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar. Most cases registered in Govi-Altai and Arkhangai and in April to May. After tick attack of 1-3 days, fever, rash, headache, enlarged gland symptoms are presented mostly. in recent year, cases of tick borne rickettsia is increasing associated with climate change, density of tick and country location. Main clinical symptoms were high temperature (67.0%), strong headache (33.9%), to get break out (33.9%) and enlarging lymph (29.0%). Those symptoms were varied by age difference.@*Conclusion@#Tick borne rickettsioses registered in 118 soums of 20 provinces and 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar city and high prevalence observed in Gobi-Altai and Arkhangai aimags. TBR more registered in April and May and TBR patients were women-herders and children under 9 year old. Mostly, 1-3 days after of tick bite, some clinical symptoms such as fever, rash on the skin, headache, relieved the primary anti-inflammatory properties and enlarged lymphatic glands were detected. In recent year, cases of tick borne rickettsia are increasing in association with climate change and density of tick in country location and its needed broad and depth study on dynamics of TBR in various climate regions in Mongolia.