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1.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 19(1): 108-114, ene.-jun. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900428

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El cultivo de cianobacterias, como Arthrospira, puede realizarse en sistemas abiertos y sistemas cerrados o fotobiorreactores. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la producción de pigmentos de Arthrospira maxima cultivada en dos tipos de fotobiorreactores. El cultivo se realizó de forma discontinua (Batch) bajo ambiente controlado, en fotobiorreactores helicoidales y cilíndricos, durante 30 días, en medio Zarrouk. La determinación de los pigmentos se realizó en las fases de crecimiento exponencial y estacionario. Para los pigmentos liposolubles, la biomasa se sometió a extracción con acetona 90%, y posterior determinación por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia, y para la extracción de los pigmentos ficobiliproteínicos se ensayaron cuatro métodos: 1. regulador de fosfatos/enzimas; 2. solución alcalina, previo tratamiento con CaCl2; 3. buffer de fosfato, previo tratamiento con hielo seco y 4. agua (4ºC), y posterior determinación por Espectrofotometría UV-Visible. Los mayores valores de pigmentos liposolubles fueron obtenidos en los cultivos realizados en fotobiorreactor helicoidal durante la fase exponencial (clorofila a 11,08±0,006 µg mL-1; β-caroteno 1,82±0,003 µg mL-1; zeaxantina 0,72±0,002 µg mL-1); mientras que los mayores contenidos de los pigmentos ficobiliproteínicos se obtuvieron en fotobiorreactor cilíndrico, durante la fase estacionaria, utilizando el buffer de fosfato tratado con hielo seco para la extracción. Dentro de las ficobiliproteínas, fue la ficocianina la que se encontró en mayor proporción (FC = 77,74±0,767 mg L-1), seguido por la aloficocianina y ficoeritrina. Se concluye que la biomasa de Arthrospira maxima presenta potencial biotecnológico por sus altos contenidos de pigmentos.


ABSTRACT The culture of the cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima can be done in open systems and closed systems or photobioreactors. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the pigment production of Arthrospira maxima grown on two types of photobioreactors. Batch system culture with Zarrouk´s medium was carried out under controlled conditions in a helicoidal and cylindrical photobioreactors during 30 days. Pigments determination was carried out in exponential and stationary growth phases. Biomass was extracted with 90% acetone, and the liposoluble pigments were injected in a HPLC. For the phycobiliprotein pigments extractions, four methods were tested: 1.- phosphate regulator/enzyme, 2.- alkaline solution, after treatment with CaCl2; 3.- phosphate buffer, previous treatment with dry ice, and 4.- water (4 °C), and subsequent determination by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. The highest pigments content was obtained in the helicoidal photobioreactor cultures during the exponential phase (chlorophyll a 11.08±0.006 μg mL-1, β-carotene 1.82±0.003 μg mL-1, zeaxanthin 0.72±0.002 μg mL-1). Moreover, the highest contents of phycobilipretein pigments were obtained in a cylindrical photobioreactor, during the stationary phase, with phosphate buffer with dry ice extraction. Among the phycobiliproteins, the phycocyanin was in highest content (77.74±0.767 mg L-1), followed by allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin. It is concluded that the biomass of Arthrospira maxima presents biotechnological potential due to its high pigment contents.

2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(4): 1503-1515, Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-646528

ABSTRACT

Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta) pastes as feed for Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera). Rotifers are an important live feed for first feeding larvae of many fish species. The use of concentrated algae cells in the mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Brachionidae) has opened new horizons for research on this organism. Pastes of Rhodomonas salina (Pyrenomonadaceae) obtained either by centrifugation or flocculation with chitosan were preserved, with or without vitamin C, at -20°C for four weeks and were evaluated biochemically (proteins, lipids, pigments and fatty acids contents) and subsequently, were used to feed the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis at a ratio of 25mg/L/day. Four different microalgae pastes were prepared: (1) centrifuged and preserved with vitamin C (CV), (2) centrifuged and preserved without vitamin C (C), (3) flocculated and with vitamin C (FV) and (4) flocculated without vitamin C (F). All treatments showed similar contents of proteins and total lipids with respect to control culture (a fresh culture of R. salina), with mean values of 40.0±2.32% and 12.0±1.45%, respectively. The pheophytin a/chlorophyll a ratio, a general indicator of the chemical status of microalgal concentrates, was similar (0.09-0.11) between centrifuged pastes and control culture, but was found to be higher in flocculated pastes (1.28-1.48). The fatty acid profile varied with respect to the control culture, mainly in the proportion of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Total PUFAs, EPA and DHA contents were statistically similar between centrifuged pastes and control culture (PUFAs: 47%, EPA: 4% and DHA: 4.7%), whereas values obtained for flocculated pastes were significantly lower. The rotifers grew equally well when fed with centrifuged pastes or control culture (maximum density: 320rotifers/mL; instantaneous growth rate: 0.23rotifers/day, fecundity: 1.49eggs/female and productivity: 43x103rotifers/L/day. No significant effect of vitamin C was found when used as a paste preservative. We concluded that centrifugation is an effective harvesting method, and that freezing to -20ºC for four weeks (no vitamin added), may help maintain the nutritional quality of R. salina paste, similar to fresh microalgae and can be offered to Brachionus plicatilis. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1503-1515. Epub 2011 December 01.


Pastas de Rhodomonas salina, obtenidas mediante centrifugación y floculación con quitosano y preservadas con o sin vitamina C, a -20°C fueron evaluadas bioquímicamente y proporcionadas como alimento al rotífero Brachionus plicatilis. Las pastas microalgales: (1) centrifugada y con vitamina C (CV), (2) centrifugada y sin vitamina C (C), (3) floculada y con vitamina C (FV) y (4) floculada y sin adición de vitamina C (F); mantuvieron sus contenidos de proteínas y lípidos totales similares al cultivo control, con valores de 40.0±2.32% y 12.0±1.45%, respectivamente. La relación feofitina a/clorofila a fue similar (0.09-0.11) entre las pastas centrifugadas y el cultivo control, pero mayor en las pastas floculadas (1.28-1.48). Las pastas centrifugadas presentaron porcentajes de PUFAs totales, EPA y DHA similares al cultivo control (PUFAs: 47%, EPA: 4% y DHA: 4.7%) y superiores al de las pastas floculadas. Las pastas obtenidas por centrifugación indujeron un crecimiento del rotífero igual al obtenido con el alimento control (densidad máxima: 320rotíferos/mL; tasa instantánea de crecimiento: 0.23rotíferos/día, fecundidad: 1.49huevos/ hembra y productividad: 43x103rotíferos/L/día). Se concluye que la pasta de R. salina centrifugada y congelada a -20°C, durante cuatro semanas, sin adición de vitamina C, mantiene su calidad nutricional similar a la del alga fresca y puede ser usada como alimento de Brachionus plicatilis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Animal Feed , Aquaculture/methods , Cryptophyta/chemistry , Rotifera/growth & development , Animal Feed/analysis , Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Lipids/analysis
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 53(3/4): 331-337, sept.-dic. 2005. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451263

ABSTRACT

Se realizaron cultivos discontinuos (medio Algal con 0.5 mM de NaNO3 y 27% de NaCl) de cinco cepas de Dunaliella sp., aisladas de diferentes lagunas hipersalinas de Venezuela (Araya, Coche, Peonía, Cumaraguas y Boca Chica) y una cepa de referencia (Dunaliella salina LB1644). Los bioensayos se mantuvieron a 25 ± 1 °C con aireación constante, fotoperiodo 12:12 y dos intensidades luminosas (195 y 390 µE.m-2.s-1) durante 30 días. El crecimiento celular se determinó diariamente mediante conteo celular en cámara de Neubaüer. La clorofila a y los carotenoides totales se analizaron al final del ensayo. Las mayores densidades celulares correspondieron a los ensayos de menor intensidad luminosa. La cepa que alcanzó la mayor densidad celular fue la aislada de Boca Chica (8 x106 y 2.5 x106 cel.ml-1 a 195 y 390 µE.m-2.s-1, respectivamente). El incremento de la intensidad luminosa en los cultivos produjo una disminución significativa de las tasas de crecimiento en todas las cepas. Los carotenoides totales por volumen fueron mayores a 390 µE.m-2 .s-1; siendo las cepas de referencia LB1644, Coche y Araya las que produjeron mayor cantidad (38.4; 32.8 y 21.0 µg.ml-1, respectivamente). El contenido de carotenoides totales por célula en los dos tratamientos fue significativamente diferente, obteniéndose la mayor concentración a 390 µE.m-2.s-1. Las cepas LB1644 y Coche fueron las que produjeron los valores más altos de carotenos (137.14 y 106.06 pg.cel-1, respectivamente). La cepa LB1644 presentó la mayor relación carotenoides totales:clorofila a (20:1) a 195 µE.m-2.s-1, mientras que en la cepa Coche no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre las dos intensidades (15:1). El resto de las cepas mostraron relaciones inferiores a uno. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las cepas Coche y Araya pueden ser potencialmente utilizadas en la biotecnología de producción de carotenoides


We evaluated discontinuous cultures (Algal medium at 0.5 mM of NaNO3 , and 27% NaCl) of five strains of Dunaliella sp. isolated from Venezuelan hypersaline lagoons (Araya, Coche, Peonía, Cumaraguas, and Boca Chica) and one strain from a reference collection (Dunaliella salina, LB1644). Cultures were maintained to 25±1 °C, with constant aeration, photoperiod 12:12, and two light intensities (195 and 390 µE.m-2 .s-1) during 30 days. Cell count was recorded on a daily basis using a Neubaüer camera. Totals of chlorophyll a and carotenoids were measured at the end of the experiment. The largest cellular densities were measured during the smallest light intensities. The strain with the largest cellular density was isolated from Boca Chica (8 x106 and 2.5 x106 cel.ml-1 a 390 and 195µE.m-2 .s-1, respectively). The increment of light intensity produced a significant reduction of growth rates in all strains. Totals of carotenoids by volume were as large as 390 µE.m-2 .s-1. Strains LB1644, from Coche and Araya were those that produced the largest amount of carotenoids (38.4; 32.8 and 21.0 µg.ml-1 , respectively). Differences total carotenoids by cell between treatments were significant. The largest concentration was 390 µE.m-2 .s-1 . The strains LB1644 and Coche produced the highest values of carotenes (137.14 and 106.06 pg.cel-1, respectively). Differences in the relation carotenoid:chlorophyll a between the strains at various light intensities was significant. Strains LB1644 presented the largest value of the relation carotenoids:chlorophyll a (20:1) at 195 µE.m-2 .s-1. No significant differences were detected in the strain Coche (15:1). All the other strains showed relations lower than one. Our results suggest that the strains of Coche and Araya show potential to be used in the biotechnology of carotenoids production


Subject(s)
Chlorophyta/metabolism , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Chlorophyll/biosynthesis , Chlorophyta/classification , Light , Sodium Chloride , Venezuela
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