Regional analysis of high risk factors of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with organ or system impairment / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) with organ or system impairment in pregnant women, and to analyze and compare the differences of HDP subtypes in different regions of China. Methods: A total of 27 680 pregnant women with HDP with complete data from 161 hospitals in 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were retrospectively collected from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. According to their clinical manifestations, they were divided into hypertension group [a total of 10 308 cases, including 8 250 cases of gestational hypertension (GH), 2 058 cases of chronic hypertension during pregnancy] and hypertension with organ or system impairment group [17 372 cases, including 14 590 cases of pre-eclampsia (PE), 137 cases of eclampsia, 2 645 cases of chronic hypertension with PE]. The subtype distribution of HDP in East China (6 136 cases), North China (4 821 cases), Central China (3 502 cases), South China (8 371 cases), Northeast China (1 456 cases), Southwest China (2 158 cases) and Northwest China (1 236 cases) were analyzed. By comparing the differences of HDP subtypes and related risk factors in different regions, regional analysis of the risk factors of HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment was conducted. Results: (1) The proportions of HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment in Northeast China (79.05%, 1 151/1 456), Central China (68.42%, 2 396/3 502) and Northwest China (69.34%, 857/1 236) were higher than the national average (62.76%, 17 372/27 680); the proportions in North China (59.18%, 2 853/4 821), East China (60.85%, 3 734/6 136) and South China (59.56%, 4 986/8 371) were lower than the national average, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (2) Univariate analysis showed that the proportions of primiparas, non-Han, non-urban household registration, irregular prenatal examination and PE history in the hypertension with organ or system impairment group were higher than those in the hypertension group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that primiparas, non-Han, non-urban household registration, irregular prenatal examination and PE history were independent risk factors for HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment (all P<0.05). (3) Primipara: the rates of primipara in Northeast China, North China and Southwest China were higher than the national average level, while those in South China, Central China and Northwest China were lower than the national average level. Non-Han nationality: the rates of non-Han nationality in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China were higher than the national average, while those in East China, South China and Central China were lower than the national average. Non-urban household registration: the rates of non-urban household registration in Northeast China, North China, and Southwest China were lower than the national average, while those in East China, Central China were higher than the national average. Irregular prenatal examination: the rates of irregular prenatal examination in North China, South China and Southwest regions were lower than the national average level, while those in Northeast China, Central China and Northwest China were higher than the national average level. History of PE: the incidence rates of PE in Northeast China, North China, South China and Southwest China were lower than the national average level, while those in Central China and Northwest China were higher than the national average level. Conclusions: Primiparas, non-Han, non-urban household registration, irregular prenatal examination, and PE history are risk factors for HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment. Patients in Northeast, Central and Northwest China have more risk factors, and are more likely to be accompanied by organ or system function damage. It is important to strengthen the management of pregnant women and reduce the occurrence of HDP.

Content Difference of Effective Components of Cynomorii Herba Between Different Producing Areas and Its Response to Environmental Factors / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the content difference of gallic acid，protocatechuic acid，catechin，total flavonoids， and total polysaccharides in Cynomorii Herba between different producing areas and the correlation between effective components and environmental factors. MethodNinety-five batches of Cynomorii Herba samples were collected from 12 major producing areas in five provinces （autonomous regions）， including Gansu，Inner Mongolia，Xinjiang，Qinghai， and Ningxia，and the geographical-climatic factors such as altitude，longitude and latitude，climate type，annual average frost-free period，annual rainfall，annual sunshine hours，annual average temperature， and annual average evaporation were recorded. The content of gallic acid，protocatechuic acid， and catechin in Cynomorii Herba was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC），and the mathematical model of the correlation between the content of chemical components and environmental factors was optimized and established. ResultPearson correlation analysis showed that protocatechuic acid content in Cynomorii Herba increased with the increase in annual average frost-free period and annual average temperature， and catechin content increased with the increase in the annual average frost-free period，annual sunshine hours， and annual average evaporation，while total polysaccharides content decreased with the increase in altitude. Redundancy analysis （RDA） showed that the annual average frost-free period， annual average evaporation，annual sunshine hours， and altitude had great influences on the content of effective components in Cynomorii Herba. Curve fitting showed that the optimal conditions for the growth of Cynomorii Herba were as follows： altitude of 800-2 000 m，annual average frost-free period of 80-110 d， annual rainfall of 110-300 mm，annual sunshine hours of 2 400-3 000 h， annual average temperature of 2.2-8.8 ℃，and annual average evaporation of 1 700-2 500 mm. ConclusionThe content of effective components in Cynomorii Herba is diverse in terms of producing areas and shows a clear response rule to environmental factors. The areas suitable for growing and artificial cultivation introduction are those with high altitude，short annual average frost-free period，low annual rainfall，large average evaporation，long sunshine hours， and low annual average temperature.

Imaging study of soft tissue swelling after anterior cervical corpectomy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study the changes of anterior soft tissue swelling after anterior cervical subtotal corpectomy, titanium mesh fusion and internal fixation.@*METHODS@#From November 2015 to July 2018, 151 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were treated with anterior single corpectomy, titanium mesh fusion and internal fixation, including 109 males and 42 females, aged 44 to 81 (59.77±8.34) years. Through postoperative follow up observation, the C@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 15 to 40(28.00±3.52) months. One week after the operation, the swelling of anterior soft tissue reached the peak, and then decreased. At 8 months after the operation, the swelling of anterior soft tissue on C@*CONCLUSION@#Anterior subtotal cervical corpectomy, titanium mesh bone graft fusion and internal fixation can cause swelling of the anterior soft tissue. One week after operation, we should pay more attention to the aggravation of the swelling of the anterior soft tissue to avoid the occurrence of dysphagia, respiratory obstruction, asphyxia and other complications.

Application of posterior arch of the atlasrch resection for high-level cervical dumbbell schwannoma surgery / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of hemi-resection of posterior arch of atlas in the upper cervical spinal dumbbell-shaped schwannomas.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 patients with high level cervical dumbbell schwannomas from January 2005 to December 2018, including 10 males and 3 females, aged 19 to 67 years old. The occipital foramen to the C@*RESULTS@#The operation was successfully completed in 13 cases of this group. No vertebral artery injury or spinal cord injury occurred during the operation. All 13 patients were followed up for more than 12 months. No local recurrence was found. Both the VAS and the JOA score were significantly improved compared with those before surgery. The ASIA classification before operation was:1 case of grade C, 6 cases of grade D, 6 cases of grade E;the latest follow up was 3 cases of ASIA grade D and 10 cases of E.@*CONCLUSION@#The posterior arch of the atlas hemisection can remove the upper cervical dumbbell schwannoma in one stage. The short-term clinical effect is good, and there are no complications such as cervical instability.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of symptomatic lumbar spinal epidural liposis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore diagnosis and surgical treatment of symptomatic lumbar spinal epidural lipoplasia.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis of 19 patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal epidural hyperplasia treated with hemilaminectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation from February 2012 to November 2018 were performed, including 7 males and 12 females, aged from 48 to 72 years old with an average of (57.6±1.2) years old;the course of disease ranged from 6 to 60 months with an average of (18.6±5.1) months;plane requiring decompression:L@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 12 to 37 months with an average of (16.3±3.8) months. Ninteen patients were successfully completed operation, and all adipose tissues in the compressed segment of the spinal canal were removed. Operation time was from 125 to 260 min with an average of (186± 15) min, and blood bleeding was from 150 to 500 ml with an average of (280±46) ml. Two patients occurred partial incision fat liquefaction and exudate did not heal, the incision was opened to remove effusion, the dressing was changed and anti-inflammatory treatments were performed. No complications such as cauda equina injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and broken nails occurred. Preopertaive VAS of back pain and leg pain were 5.3±0.7 and 6.8±0.8, respectively, while 2.1±0.4 and 2.3±0.5 respectively at 6 months after opertaion, there were statisticalsignificant difference between 6 months after operation and before operation (@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal epidural lipoplasia undergo hemilaminectomy and internal fixation of compression segment could relieve compression of dura mater and cauda equina, and achieve good clinical results.

Diagnosis, treatment and etiology analysis of nerve compression by bone fragment after lumbar spine surgery / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the diagnosis, treatment, cause and prevention of nerve compression by bone fragment after lumbar spine surgery.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 23 patients with nerve compression by bone fragment after lumbar spine surgery from February 2012 to March 2019 were collected retrospectively, including 9 males and 14 females, aged 42 to 81 years with an average of (62.60±5.70) years. The surgical methods included lumbar interbody fusion in 20 cases and spinal endoscopy in 3 cases. All 23 patients experienced radiating pain on the decompression side or the contralateral limb after operation. The time of occurrence was from immediately after operation to 2 weeks after operation, with an average of (3.2±1.7) days. All patients underwent postoperative examination of lumbar spine CT or MRI to confirm residual ectopic bone fragments, and at the same time, bilateral lower extremity color Doppler ultrasound excluded thrombosis. Sources of ectopic bone fragments:14 cases of residual bone fragments caused by intervertebral fusion bone graft loss or fenestration fusion, 6 cases of fractured upper articular process head, and 3 cases of upper articular process bone remaining during spinal endoscopic surgery.@*RESULTS@#The patient's hospital stay was 10 to 37 (23.4±6.2) days. All patients were followed up for 6 to 25 (13.6±3.4) months. Three patients underwent posterior open nerve root exploration for removing bone fragments on the same day or the second day after surgery, and the symptoms were relieved. Twenty patients underwent conservative treatment firstly, and 13 patients were discharged after pain relieved by conservative treatment, 7 patients failed conservative treatment, the 2 cases of failed 7 cases had undergone nerve root block surgery during conservative treatment. Two patients underwent spinal endoscopy nerve root exploration and bone mass removal, and five patients underwent posterior open nerve root exploration and bone fragmentation removal. All postoperative pain symptoms were relieved. Preoperative CT, MRI and intraoperative bone fragment removal confirmed the shape and location of the bone fragments. The most likely source of bone fragments was the loss of intervertebral fusion bone grafts or residual bone fragments resulting from fenestration fusion (14 cases), fractured upper articular process head (6 cases), and upper articular process bones remaining in endoscopic surgery (3 cases). According to the Macnab criteria in evaluating clinical outcome, 20 cases got excellent results and 3 good.@*CONCLUSION@#After the lumbar spine surgery, the nerve compression by bone fragments is treated with appropriate treatments, and good clinical results can be obtained. Timely removal of residual bone fragments during operation and careful exploration of nerve roots before closing incision can avoid such complications.

The endoscopic transnasal approach in management of the sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the endoscopic transnasal approach (ETA) and to analyze the outcomes and factors of this surgical technique in the management of the tumor invading the anterior skull base. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 42 patients (31 males and 11 females, with mean age of 49 years) with sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base, who underwent ETA from June 2015 to April 2019 in Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University. Pathologically, there were 15 cases of squamous carcinoma (14 patients with T4bN0M0 and 1 patient with T4bN1M0) and 27 of olfactory neuroblastomas with Kadish stage C. Anterior skull base reconstruction was performed using the vascular pedicled nasoseptal mucoperiosteal flap and fascia lata. Brain non-contrast-enhanced CT was performed on the first postoperative day to exclude massive pneumocephalus, relevant brain edema and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sinonasal contrast-enhanced MR was performed to assess the extent of the tumor removal. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) and Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic factors. Results: The mean duration of the surgery was 452 minutes. Total resection was performed in 36 patients (85.7%), subtotal resection in 2 patients (4.8%) with orbital involvement, partial resection in one patient (2.4%) with injury of the internal carotid artery. One patient (2.4%) underwent the second resection because of the tumor residual, two patients (4.8%) with unsure tumor residual. Mean follow-up was 20 months, with 17 months of median follow-up. One-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.5%, 76.9% and 64.5%, respectively. For squamous carcinoma, one-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.2%, 86.2% and 57.4%, respectively. For olfactory neuroblastomas, One-, two-and three-year overall survival was 86.9%, 75.3% and 67.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor residual (P=0.001) and recurrence (P<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: The ETA is safe and feasible in selected patients with sinonasal tumor invading the anterior skull base. Tumor residual and recurrence are independent prognostic factors for survival.

Pre-column Derivatization RP-HPLC for Simultaneous Determination of 17 Amino Acids in Cynomorii Herba from Different Producing Areas and Its Multivariate Statistical Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To establish a pre-column derivatization reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of 17 amino acids in Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas and conduct a multivariate statistical analysis. Method::RP-HPLC with pre-column derivatization was employed, with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) as derivatization reagent. Separation was performed on a WondaSil C18-WR column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), with 0.05 mol·L-1 sodium acetate solution (pH 6.5) as mobile phase A, and acetonitrile-methanol-water (3∶1∶1) as mobile phase B for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1. The detective wave length was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. Principal component analysis (PCA) and systematic cluster analysis (HCA) models were established for multivariate statistical analysis and quality evaluation. Result::17 Kinds of amino acid were detected in Cynomorii Herba, 7 of which were essential amino acids. The 17 amino acids showed good linearity in respective concentration range, r = 0.999 0-0.999 9.The average recoveries were between 98.03%-103.89%with RSD<3.5%. The results of PCA and HCA were basically the same, and both methods can be used to clearly distinguish Cynomorii Herba from 12 municipal producing areas into 6 regions. PCA can be used to classify Cynomorii Herba according to different municipal or provincial production areas, and HCA can be used to classify it according to provincial production areas. It showed that the amino acid contents in Cynomorii Herba from different municipal and provincial producing areas had differences, and the content distribution showed obvious geographical clustering characteristics. PCA showed that Cynomorii Herba from Gansu province and Inner Mongolia had higher amino acid contents and better quality as compared with other producing areas. Conclusion::The established method can be used for content determination of 17 amino acids in Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas, and provide a reference for its comprehensive quality evaluation.

Application of ilioinguinal chimeric perforator bone flap to repair the bone and soft tissue defect of limbs / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the method and clinical efficacy of utilizing ilioinguinal chimeric perforator bone flap to repair bone and soft tissue defects of limb.Methods From May,2004 to February,2018,there were 11 patients who were diagnosed as bone and soft tissue defect in the upper or lower extremities,7 of which were repaired by chimeric perforator bone flap with the superficial circumflex iliac artery and 4 of which were repaired by chimeric perforator bone flap with the deep circumflex iliac artery.The size of bone flap ranged from 2.5 cm×2.0 cm× 2.0 cm to 6.0 cm×3.0 cm×2.0 cm,and the flap sizes ranged from 5.0 cm×3.0 cm to 17.0 cm×13.0 cm.The donor sites of the flap were directly sutured.Nine patients were implemented by postoperative followed-up visit in hospital.And the appearance,texture,color,shallow sensation of flaps,fracture healing,limb's function and donor site were observed.Results Postoperative followed-up ranged from 3 to 18 months.All flaps survived.The flaps had satisfactory appearance,texture and color.Osseous tissue of defects healed.The function of injury limb was restored well,which metacarpo-phalangeal joint and carpometacarpal joint's movement with metacarpal defect recovered,and gait were normal without pain.As for the donor sites,1 case had hyperplastic scar while the other only had linear scars.Abdominal hernia and numbness with lower extremities were disappeared.Conclusion Ilioinguinal chimeric perforator bone flap can be designed with different pedicles based iliac bone flap according to the size of bone defects.The donor site is concealed with less trauma and less healing time.The operation position is easy to operate,and clinic efficacy is satisfactory.

Role of long-acting insulin analogues in the management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescent / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

A recent national wide epidemiological study showed that the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM) was increased among children and adolescents in China. However, the glycemic control was not optimal, leading to high incidence of complications. Previous studies demonstrated that inappropriate insulin regimen was a major cause of sub-optimal glycemic control. Basal-bolus regimen recommended by international pediatric guidelines, significantly improved glycemic control with increased hypoglycemia risk. Given that basal insulin largely contributed to efficacy and safety profiles of base-bolus regimen, long-acting insulin analogues, such as insulin glargine ( 100U) , have ideal efficacy, safety profiles, especially lower hypoglycemia risk compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn ( NPH) . Therefore,long-acting insulin analogues is a good choice for basal-bolus regimen treatment in children and adolescents with T1DM.

Classification and Identification of Cynomorii Herba from Different Producing Areas Based on Fourier Rransform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas based on fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics. Method: FTIR spectrum data of 106 batches of Cynomorii Herba from 12 cities in 5 provinces were collected by transmission method and preprocessed. The FTIR fingerprints of Cynomorii Herba were established, and spectrum analysis was performed. The FTIR similarities of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were calculated by correlation coefficient method. The first derivative (1D) spectrum of average FTIR of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were obtained. The soft independent modeling of class analog (SIMCA) model based on principal component analysis (PCA) was established by the preprocessed 1D spectrum data. The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model was established by top 6 principal components. Result: The FTIR fingerprint trend and main absorption peaks of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas were basically the same,and 16 common characteristic absorption peaks were recognized. Similarity and 1D spectrum of FTIR fingerprint of Cynomorii Herba from different producing areas showed significant and unique characteristics. The established SIMCA model can realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from different provinces,while OPLS model can realize accurate classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba in different cities. The classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from 12 city producing areas showed obvious geographical clustering characteristics. Conclusion: The established method based on FTIR and chemometrics can realize the classification and identification of Cynomorii Herba from 12 cities.

Mediating effect of filialpiety values on the relationship between anxiety and caregiving burden among caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To understand the filialpiety values, anxiety and caregiving burden of caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure and to analyze the mediating effect of filialpiety values on the relationship between anxiety and caregiving burden.@*Methods@#During April 2017 to April 2018, 191children caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure from 3 secondary and tertiary medical institutions in Suzhou, Nanjing and Kunshan were selected to complete Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety, Chinese Filial Values Index scale (FVI) and Dutch Objective Burden Inventory (DOBI).@*Results@#The total score of caregivers' anxiety, filialpiety values and caregiving burden were 3(0, 6), 96(84, 107) and 1(0, 9) respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the caregivers' anxiety was positively correlated with the caregiving burden (r=0.328, P<0.01), while filialpiety values were negatively correlated with caregiving burden (r=-0.537, P<0.01). Mediating-effect analysis showed that anxiety had a negative effect on filialpiety values (a=-0.61, P=0.02), and had a positive effect on caregiving burden (c=0.64, P=0.01). The filialpiety values had a negative effect on caregiving burden (b=-0.43, P<0.01). Filialpiety values played a partial mediating role between anxiety and caregiving burden (c' = 0.26, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Medical staff should establish targeted interventions to improve caregivers′ filialpiety values, thereby reducing their caregiving burden.

Mediating effect of filialpiety values on the relationship between anxiety and caregiving burden among caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the filialpiety values, anxiety and caregiving burden of caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure and to analyze the mediating effect of filialpiety values on the relationship between anxiety and caregiving burden. Methods During April 2017 to April 2018, 191children caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure from 3 secondary and tertiary medical institutions in Suzhou, Nanjing and Kunshan were selected to complete Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety, Chinese Filial Values Index scale (FVI) and Dutch Objective Burden Inventory (DOBI). Results The total score of caregivers' anxiety, filialpiety values and caregiving burden were 3(0, 6), 96(84, 107) and 1(0, 9) respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the caregivers' anxiety was positively correlated with the caregiving burden (r=0.328, P<0.01), while filialpiety values were negatively correlated with caregiving burden (r=-0.537, P<0.01). Mediating-effect analysis showed that anxiety had a negative effect on filialpiety values (a=-0.61, P=0.02), and had a positive effect on caregiving burden (c=0.64, P=0.01). The filialpiety values had a negative effect on caregiving burden (b=-0.43, P<0.01). Filialpiety values played a partial mediating role between anxiety and caregiving burden (c' = 0.26, P＜0.05). Conclusions Medical staff should establish targeted interventions to improve caregivers′filialpiety values, thereby reducing their caregiving burden.

The hepatoprotective effect of Aesculus hippocastanum seed extract against concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury in mice via inhibition of ROS and JNK pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Aesculus hippocastanum seed extract(AH) on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury in mice,and to ex-plore whether the mechanism was related to the inhibi-tory effect of AH on oxidative stress and c-Jun N-termi-nal kinase (JNK). Methods ConA(20 mg·kg-1) was administered via tail vein injecting to induce he-patic damage in mice. The groups of AH were given at 12.5,25,50 mg·kg-1by oral gavage separately for 20 days. The serum levels of AST,ALT,TP,and Alb were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer and the A/G ratio was calculated. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were assayed by ELISA. The liver tissue was attained by HE and the histopathological changes were calculat-ed. The MDA, SOD, GSH contents of liver tissues were assayed by related kits. The activity of caspase-3 was detected by spectrophotometry. The expressions of cytochrome C and Bax, Bcl-2, p-JNK and p-Akt were detected by Western blot. Results The serum levels of ALT, AST, IFN-γ and TNF-α in AH groups were significantly lower than those in ConA-injured group, while the levels of TP,Alb and A/G were significantly higher. The SOD and GSH levels of liver tissues signif-icantly increased and MDA level decreased; liver his-topathological changes were consistent with those of the serological indicators, and AH treatment significantly reduced the pathological damage induced by ConA. In AH group,the expression of cytochrome C,caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and p-JNK markedly decreased, while the expression of p-Akt protein increased compared with ConA model group. Conclusion AH could sig-nificantly protect the ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice via inhibition of ROS and JNK pathway.

Precision evaluatation of personalized knee osteotomy instrument based on 3D printing technology for the total knee arthroplasty / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To construct a personalized knee osteotomy instrument(POI)based on 3D printing technology for the total knee arthroplasty(TKA)and to evaluate the precision of POI.Methods The full-length CT scanning and MRI scanning of the affected lower limbs were performed before operation respectively.The data fusion of CT scanning and MRI scanning were performed with the 3D anatomical data,and then the articular cartilage were reconstructed.The force lines were measured with virtual personalized osteotomy,and TKA prosthe-sis installation were calculated by CAD software.Based on CAD mimic,the registration surface of POI for femoral condyle and tibial plateau were designed by Boolean Subraction calculation technique.The shape and limit structure(LS)of POI were designed according to the regis-tration surface and the osteotomy surface.Finally,POI were fabricated by FDM 3D printing technology.Femoral condylar POI and tibial plat-eau POI were manufactured 15 cases in each group.The difference between design and actual values(DDA)of POI and LS size were meas-ured with the DDA of DML calculated.And the deviation of the TKA prosthesis angle from the design value was measured to verify the precision of the osteotomy of POI.Results There was no significant difference in the shape of POI and LS between design and actual values(P>0.05). Moreover,there was no significant difference of DMLs(P>0.05).Meanwhile,there was no significant difference of TKA prosthesis angle be-tween the design and postoperative values(P>0.05).Conclusion 3D printing technique can accurately construct the POI of TKA.POI can accurately register the articular surface and guide the osteotomy in TKA,which is conducive to the precision of TKA operation.

Identification of Hedysari Radix from 8 Producing Counties in Gansu Province Based on FT-IR Fingerprint Characteristics / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the FT-IR fingerprint characteristics of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province; To provide references for identification and application of Hedysari Radix in different producing counties. Methods FT-IR fingerprints of 110 batches of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province were collected in the wave number range of 4000–400 cm-1. The common pattern of the fingerprints were analyzed, and the similarity analysis were used to analyze the FT-IR fingerprints of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties. The FT-IR fingerprint characteristics of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province were compared. Results The rank of average similarity of FT-IR fingerprints of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties was Tanchang County > Li County > Xihe County > Wudu District > Zhang County > Min County > Longxi County >Weiyuan County, and Hedysari Radix from Longxi County and Weiyuan County were very different from other producing counties. The FT-IR fingerprints of Hedysari Radix from Longnan City (Tanchang County, Li County, Xihe County and Wudu District) were similar, and the average similarity was relatively high; while that from Dingxi City (Zhang County, Min County, Longxi County and Weiyuan County) were similar, and the average similarity was relatively low. Hedysari Radix from every producing county had a significant and unique FT-IR fingerprint characteristic. Conclusion The identification and application of Hedysari Radix from 8 producing counties in Gansu Province can be realized according to FT-IR fingerprint characteristics.

Relationship Between Volatile Components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix from Different Regions in Gansu Province and Its Growing Environment with GC-MS-based Metabolomics / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the volatile components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix from different regions of Gansu Province and its growing environment with metabolomics based on GC-MS. Methods The GC-MS method was used for detecting the volatile components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix from 31 different regions in Gansu province, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods were used for analyzing and evaluating its relationship with the growing environment. Results The results of PCA showed that the volatile components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix from different regions in Gansu province were related to the altitude and the soil types. The PLS method could divide 31 samples of Angelicae Sinensis Radix from different regions in Gansu Province into three groups according to the difference of altitude. There were significant differences in the volatile components in the samples taken at different altitude regions. After analyzing linear loading plots from PCA and PLS, 11 charateristic components were screened out, including 7 compounds were identified by the retrieval of NIST11 database. Conclusion The volatile components in Angelicae Sinensis Radix from different regions in Gansu Province are closely related to the altitude and the soil type.

Treatment of migrated lumbar disc herniation with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and target foraminoplasty / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical outcome of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with target foraminoplasty in treating migrated lumbar disc herniation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2015 to January 2016, 25 patients with migrated lumbar disc herniation were treated with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with target foraminoplasty. A total of 14 males and 11 females, aging from 23 to 52 years old (average: 37.6) were enrolled in this study. Discectomy occurred in L₂,₃ of 1 case, L₃,₄ of 3 cases, L₄,₅ of 12 cases, L₅S₁ of 9 cases. Preoperative, 1-week and 1-year postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were collected to evaluate lower back and leg pain; Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) was used to assess the lumbar function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for 12 to 19 months with an average of 15.2 months. The mean operation time was 108.6 min. No injury of dura, nerve root, or wound infection were found. Preoperative, 1-week and 1-year postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS) scores of lower back pain were 5.8±0.5, 2.5±0.4, 0.9±0.2, respectively, with significant differences among each other(<0.05);VAS scores of leg pain were 7.1±0.6, 1.5±0.4, 0.7±0.6, respectively, with significant differences among each other(<0.05). Lumbar ODI scores were 69.2±1.8, 22.5±4.7, 10.2±2.4 at the above time points and showed significant differences among each other(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with target foraminoplasty for migrated lumbar disc herniation showed advantages of less injuries, bleeding and complication. It also promotes rapid recovery, being curative safely and effectively.</p>

Clinical features of acute poisoning in hospitalized children: an analysis of 586 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features of acute poisoning in hospitalized children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 586 hospitalized children who were diagnosed with poisoning and discharged from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2006 and December 2015.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients included 354 males and 232 females (age: 24 days to 15.8 years). Of the 586 cases, 450 (76.8%) were infants and preschool children; 463 (79.0%) came from rural areas; 551 (94.0%) were hospitalized because of unintentional poisoning. The drug poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and rodenticide poisoning accounted for 221 cases (37.7%), 167 cases (28.5%), and 175 cases (29.9%) respectively. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the poisoning toxins between urban and rural children (P<0.01), and drugs and pesticides were the most common toxins for urban and rural children respectively. There were significant differences in main clinical manifestations between the children with drug poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and rodenticide poisoning (P<0.01), who presented with main clinical symptoms of the nervous system, digestive system, and circulatory system respectively. There was no significant difference in overall response rate between the children poisoned by different toxins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acute poisoning is most common in infants and preschool children. The majority of the patients are from rural areas. The majority of acute poisoning is unintentional. Poisoning by drugs is the main type of acute poisoning. There is no significant difference in overall response rate between the children poisoned by different toxins, but their clinical manifestations are different.</p>

Research progress on breeding and cultivation of Ginkgo biloba for leaf use in China / 中草药

Ginkgo biloba mainly contains many kinds of special flavonoids and terpenlactones in its leaves. The preparation of Ginkgo biloba extract is very good for curing patients suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In order to get more Ginkgo biloba leaves rich in flavonoids and terpenlactones, the rules are set to seek fine varieties including higher contents of flavonoids and terpenlactones, higher leaves yield than ordinary ones. Many fine varieties were selected according to these standards and applied in Ginkgo cultivation for leaf use. Factors affecting the contents of active ingredients and the amount of leaves covered Ginkgo varieties, sex, age, origin, environment, and harvest time, location in tree's canopy and branches, branch types and so on. The suitable application of fertilizer, trimming, pruning, and planting density will improve the yields of leaves and medicinal components. Future works should focus on two aspects, one is the germplasm resources collection, conservation, studying, and selection, another is directionally cultivation of leaf-used Ginkgo using improved varieties and standardized cultivation.