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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pecto-intercostal fascial block (PIFB)-pectoral nerve block type Ⅱ (PECS Ⅱ block)-general anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy.Methods:Forty-six patients, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 40-65 yr, scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=23 each) using a random number table method: PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia group (group P+ G) and PIFB-PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia group (group P+ P+ G). The patients received ultrasound-guided PECS Ⅱ block (P+ G group) or PIFB combined with PECS Ⅱ block (P+ P+ G group) in the pre-anesthesia room. Then the patients were admitted to the operating room, and midazolam, propofol, sufentanil and cisatracurium were used for anesthesia induction, and sevoflurane, remifentanil and cisatracurium were used for anesthesia maintenance. The intraoperative consumption of remifentanil, emergence time and extubation time were recorded. Flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic after operation, and visual analog scale score was maintained ≤3 at rest. The requirement for rescue analgesia and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with group P+ G, the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was significantly decreased, the emergence time and extubation time were shortened, the rate of rescue analgesia within 24 h after operation was decreased, the time of first rescue analgesia was prolonged ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of nausea and vomiting in group P+ P+ G ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia, PIFB-PECS Ⅱ block-general anesthesia can reduce the amount of intraoperative opioids, inhibit postoperative hyperalgesia and promote early postoperative recovery when used for modified radical mastectomy.
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Objective@#To elucidate age and sex specific characteristics in fat free mass (FFM) among middle and high school adolescents in Yinchuan City, China, and to provide a scientific basis for healthy development, chronic disease prevention and intervention in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Using a convenient cluster sampling method, 1 175 middle and high school adolescents, aged 10 to 20 years old, from Yinchuan, China, were selected to participate in a questionnaire survey and physical examination, which involved body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA).@*Results@#For adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, FFM and the fat free mass percentage (FFMP) of boys increased with age(from 39.78 to 52.63 kg; 77.51% to 83.80%, respectively), the age trends of the FFM and FFMP of body parts were in the similar pattern, and were significantly higher than those of girls(all P <0.05). In girls, the FFM reached a peak of 40.96 kg at 15 years old, and decreased slightly between the ages of 15 and 18 years, the age trends of the FFM of body parts were in the similar pattern, and the FFMP decreased with age (from 75.63% to 71.91 %). In addition, in girls, the age trends of the FFMP of left and right legs were the same as the general trend, while the FFMP of left and right arms increased with age. The FFMP of the trunk reached a minimum of 29.93% at 15 years old and increased from 15 to 18 years old(all P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#For middle and high school adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Yinchuan City, China, the distribution of FFM changed in accordance with age and gender differences, in accordance with the characteristics of the adolescents growth and development.
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Objective To investigate the influence of inhibited gene expression of fisson 1 (Fis1) gene on the level of Fis1,mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells with fluorine,to study the role of mitochondrial dynamic balance in the pathogenesis of chronic fluorosis.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro,when adherent cells entered the logarithmic phase,using a group design,they were divided into four groups:blank control group (control),fluoride group [2 mmol/L sodium fluoride (NaF)],fluoride negative control group (2 mmol/L NaF + non-specific siRNA) and the gene-silencing group (2 mmol/L NaF + specific siRNA-Fis1).The protein expression levels of Fis1 and Mfn1 were measured by Western blotting;the mRNA expression levels of Fis1 and Mfn1 were measured by Real-time PCR;and the levels of the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit.Results Compared with control (1.37 ± 0.18,1.00 ± 0.04;1.57 ± 0.19,1.00 ± 0.04;1.00 ± 0.10),the expression levels of Fisl protein (1.72 ± 0.04) and mRNA (1.48 ± 0.13) in fluoride group were increased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein (0.87 ± 0.02) and mRNA (0.69 ± 0.07) in fluoride group were decreased,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.76 ± 0.13) was decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control,the expression levels of Fis1 protein (0.79 ± 0.07) and mRNA (0.06 ± 0.03) in gene-silencing group were decreased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein (1.71 ± 0.04) and mRNA (1.52 ± 0.05) in gene-silencing group were increased (P ＜ 0.05),the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.94 ± 0.01) was decreased.Compared with fluoride group,the expression levels of Fis1 protein and mRNA in gene-silencing group were decreased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein and mRNA in gene-silencing group were increased,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential in gene-silencing group was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gene expression inhibition of Fis1 gene can reduce the mitochondrial division and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells induced by fluoride.
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Objective To evaluate the influence of fluoride on mitochondrial membrane potential of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells,and on the expression levels of mitochondrial proteins mitofusion 1 (Mfn1) and fission 1 (Fis1).Methods A stable and feasible culture method of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro was established with different concentration of sodium fluoride [0.0 (control),0.4,2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L],and various periods exposure of 6,12,24,48 h;the mitochondrial membrane potential of SH-SY5Y cells was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit (JC-1);and the expression levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group (1.63 ± 0.18,1.13 ± 0.15,1.30 ± 0.02) for various periods exposure (6,12,48 h),the red/green fluorescence ratios of the mitochondrial membrane potential of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L of sodium fluoride were decreased significantly (1.01 ± 0.10,0.80 ± 0.04;0.75 ± 0.13,0.62 ± 0.10;0.82 ± 0.01,0.56 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.05);compared with the control group (0.93 ± 0.03,1.05 ± 0.07,1.17 ± 0.04) for various periods exposure,the expression levels of mitochondrial Mfn1 protein were decreased significantly in 0.4,2.0,4.0 mmol/L sodium fluoride groups (6,12,48 h:0.75 ± 0.02,0.65 ± 0.05,0.57 ± 0.06;0.83 ± 0.06,0.79 ± 0.06,0.69 ±0.06;0.98 ± 0.05,0.73 ± 0.07,0.62 ± 0.09,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group (0.90 ± 0.05) for exposure time 12 h,the expression levels of Fis1 protein were increased significantly in 2.0,4.0 mmol/L sodium fluoride groups (1.14 ± 0.06,1.23 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of mitofusion 1 and fission 1 of SH-SY5Y cells treated with fluoride are abnormal,which might be associated with the theory of nerve cell damage from high oxidative stress.