ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of sudden death. Appropriate drug therapy in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) is crucial in managing cardiovascular emergencies and to decrease morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to observe the emergency cardiac diseases which are most frequently being treated and to study the prescribing prevalence among inpatients in CICU. Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out among 102 patients admitted in CICU at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Karnataka, for a period of 3 months. Demographic data, clinical history, and complete drug therapy received during their stay in CICU was noted. Results: In our study, males (64.7%) had a higher incidence of cardiovascular emergencies than females (35.3%). Hypertension (32.4%) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (28.4%) were the frequently associated co-morbid conditions. Antiplatelet drugs 80 (78.4%) was most commonly prescribed, followed by hypolipidemic drugs 75 (73.5%) and anticoagulants 65 (63.7%). The mean duration of stay in the hospital was 4.79±1.9 days. The average number of drugs per prescription was 7.8±2.2. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 52.9%. The percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list was 75.1%. Conclusions: Antiplatelet drugs were the most frequently prescribed drug group. Mean number of drugs per prescription were high. The prescribing pattern could be improved by reducing the number of drugs per prescription and by prescribing generic drugs to reduce the economic burden of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Static, short-term, acute toxicity tests were performed over a period of 96 hrs using different concentrations of influent and effluent of textile industry waste water with the objective of evaluating their acute toxicity on fresh water fish, Cyprinus carpio (common carp). The LC50 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr of influent and effluent were 25.9, 21.10, 15.66, 11.11% (v/v) and 63.18, 54.89, 48.62, 36.04% (v/v), respectively. The acute toxic unit TUa values for 24, 48, 72, 96 hr for influent and effluent are 3.85, 4.73, 6.38, 8.99 and 1.58, 1.82, 2.05, 2.77, respectively. Correspondingly, the TF was found to be 1, 1.22, 1.65 and 2.33 for influent, and for effluent 1, 1.15, 1.29 and 1.75. Total efficiency of the treatment was 69.16% and the safe concentration of effluent is set to be 3.60%. These data are highly useful in establishing limits of acceptability by the aquatic animals. The need to introduce toxicity evaluation assay for confirming the quality of effluent from the point view of effective environmental safe limits and to ensure integrity of aquatic environment, is stressed.