ABSTRACT
Background: Life expectancy deals with the overall level of population health thoroughly considering the effect of mortality. Life expectancy is defined as the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age of people who living in a specific country. This study aimed to estimate life expectancy for the Sistan and Baluchestan province and all its cities based on gender. Methods: This study is a descriptive analytical study. For the analysis of the objectives the required data are mortality information and population data based on age groups and gender. One of the most applicable and most reputed methods in the life table construction is Chaing's methods and was applied this method to estimate life expectancies. Results: Based on the analysis of mortality data, life expectancy at birth for females and males were estimated of 71.5 (This ratio is the percentage of 12 months. 71.5, i.e. 71 years and 6 months) and 68.2 years respectively, and for both sex combined, 69.7 years. These expected years as life expectancy has various values in the rank for the province's cities. In the descending order the values of life expectancies are belong to Khash, Chabahar, Zahedan, Sarbaz, Zabol, Saravan, Nikshahr and Iranshahr cities in the given order. Conclusion: This health indicator has smallest value in Sistan and Baluchestan province in compared to other provinces and whole country as well. To increase life expectancy due to health conditions, economic efficiency and extensive planning by the authorities, planners and policy makers are required.
ABSTRACT
Oral diseases are the extensive human diseases, especially among children and more than 99% of people suffer from this disease. Oral and dental education by peers provides a good condition to form the health behaviors before adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral and dental education by peers on knowledge and behavior of first grade female students in Zabol, Iran. In this quasi-experimental study conducted in 2012, 287 female primary students were randomly selected and studied in Zabol. Pre-test and post-test performed with the completing a questionnaire that was designed to assess knowledge and behavior of brushing and using sodium fluoride mouthwash. The validity of the results was determined through expert panel and the reliability was determined by Cronbach`s alpha (N=30, =0. 77). One person from each class in the intervention group was selected as a peer educator and was educated via an education plate. The post-test was performed after one month of education. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical tests (paired and independent t-test) in SPSS 18 software were used. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of two groups in knowledge and behavior after education, so that the mean score of knowledge and behavior of students who were educated by peers were higher than that of them before education (P<0.001). Oral and dental education of students by peers is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method which can be used by health system, truly.