Brain single photon emission computed tomography in anosmic subjects after closed head trauma

Anosmia following head trauma is relatively common and in many cases is persistent and irreversible. The ability to objectively measure such a decline in smelling, for both clinical and medicolegal goals, is very important. The aim of this study was to find results of brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography [SPECT] in anosmic subjects after closed head trauma. This case-control cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary referral University Hospital. The brain perfusion state of nineteen anosmic patients and thirteen normal controls was evaluated by means of the SPECT with 99mtc- ECD infusion-before and after olfactory stimulation. The orbitofrontal lobe of the brain was assumed as the region of interest and changes in perfusion of this area before and after the stimulations were compared in two groups. The mean of brain perfusion in controls before and after the stimulation was 8.26% +/- 0.19% and 9.89% +/- 0.54%, respectively [P < 0.0001]. Among patients group, these quantities were 7.97% +/- 1.05% and 8.49% +/- 1.5%, respectively [P < 0.004]. The difference between all the measures in cases and controls were statistically significant [P < 0.0001]. There were no differences in age and sex between two groups. The brain SPECT is an objective technique suitable for evaluating anosmia following the head trauma and it may be used with other diagnostic modalities

Otoacoustic emissions in sudden sensorineural hearing loss: changes of measures with treatment

To identify changes in OAEs parameters in treatment course of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss [iSSNHL]. In aprospective study from August 2005 to January 2009, 26 patients with iSSNHL underwent conventional audiometry/tympanometry and two types of OAEs [TEOAEs and DPOAEs] before and after the completion of standard drug therapy. The changes in pre- and posttreatment parameters were compared with each other and with normal-contralateral ears. In TEOAEs, the mean overall correlation [reproducibility] and the mean overall strength in involved ears were 10.96 +/- 23.36 and 0.99 +/- 3.45 dB, respectively, before the treatment, which reached 22.88 +/- 36.55 and 1.85 +/- 5.3, respectively, after the treatment [P>0.05]. Significant difference between "correlation score" [average of correlations at 3-4 involved frequencies] before and after treatment was found: 6.52 +/- 18.19 vs. 21.67 +/- 37.8 [P<0.034]. The difference between pre- and post-treatment overall correlation and correlation score in the "response group" were significant [P<0.031]. In DPOAEs of the involved ears, the mean DP1 level and the DP1 signal-to-noiseratio changes were not significant with the treatment [P>0.05]. Evoked OAEs, especially TEOAEs, are objective, rapid, and sensitive tools in the treatment course of iSSNHL