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Rev. biol. trop ; 62(1): 73-83, ene.-mar. 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-715415

ABSTRACT

The sea star Astropecten marginatus has a neotropical distribution and is a highly abundant and frequent species in shrimp trawling by-catchin many places along the Brazilian coast. This has caused its threat to extinction and in addition, its bio-ecological aspects are poorly known. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the seasonal variations of population length structure and feeding habits of the sea stars A. marginatus inhabiting off state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analyzed specimens were collected in February (summer), April (fall), June (winter) and October (spring) of 2008 from shrimp by-catch trawling. In the laboratory, each individual had its length measured and then weighed on an analytical scale. Afterwards, the stomach contents of 10 individuals of each of two most frequent length classes were seasonally analyzed. The relative frequency and abundance for each prey category was determined and, then combined into an index of alimentary importance. A total of 994 individuals of A. marginatus were collected with length ranging from 7.0 to 56.2mm, but most individuals were in the 20.1-25mm length classes. Individuals larger than 40mm were only collected in the spring while a few recruits (<10mm) were found in fall and winter. The total weight of individuals ranged from 0.1 to 15.3g and the weight-length relationships showed a negative allometric growth (b<2.54). Regarding its food consumption, this sea star explored eleven food items, with cumaceans and mollusks as the most frequent items. High frequency of empty stomach was recorded at fall. Seasonal differences in the amount explored preys and ingested items as well as in the prey composition were also observed. Higher amount of explored prey categories and ingested items were recorded at winter-spring than summer-fall periods. Predominance in prey category changed from gastropods (summer and fall) to cumaceans (winter and spring). The importance of gastropods as main prey category at summer and fall should be carefully considered since it was coincidently observed with high frequency of empty stomach and low amount of ingested items. The observed seasonal differences in feeding behavior pattern were mainly associated to low prey availability and to changes in the sea star feeding rates, and probably reflected in some biological traits such as small body size of the population inhabiting waters off the Paraná coast, Southern Brazil.


La estrella de mar Astropecten marginatus presenta una distribución neotropical y debido a su abundancia es frecuente encontrarla como captura incidental durante actividades de pesca de arrastre; actividad por la cual se encuentra amenazada en muchos lugares a lo largo de la costa brasileña. En este estudio se analizaron las variaciones estacionales de la estructura de la población y se determinaron los principales componentes de la dieta de A. marginatus frente a la costa de Paraná, sur de Brasil. Las muestras analizadas provinieron de las capturas de la pesca de arrastre recogidas en febrero (verano), abril (otoño), junio (invierno) y octubre (primavera) 2008. De cada individuo se midió la longitud y se pesó, posteriormente se analizó el contenido estomacal de 10 organismos de cada una de las dos clases de talla más frecuentes por cada temporada. Se analizaron 994 ejemplares de A. marginatus, los cuales presentaron una longitud que varió entre 7.0-56.2mm, con mayor frecuencia de individuos entre 20.1-25mm. Los organismos mayores (>40mm) se encontraron solamente en la primavera, mientras aquellos con talla inferior a los 10mm se obtuvieron durante el otoño y el invierno. El peso de los individuos se mantuvo entre los 0.1-15.3g. La relación entre el peso y talla mostró un crecimiento alométrico negativo (b<2.54). En cuanto a la dieta, esta especie consumió un total de once presas, de las cuales los cumáceos y moluscos fueron los grupos más consumidos. Una mayor cantidad de presas exploradas se registró en el invierno-primavera de los períodos de verano-otoño. El predominio de la presa cambió de gasterópodos (verano y otoño) a cumáceos (invierno y primavera). Las diferencias estacionales en el patrón de alimentación podrían estar asociadas a una baja disponibilidad de presas y a los cambios en las tasas de alimentación, lo cual se ve reflejado en algunos rasgos biológicos, como el pequeño tamaño del cuerpo esta población.


Subject(s)
Animals , Body Size , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Seasons , Starfish/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Gastrointestinal Contents , Starfish/classification , Starfish/physiology
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