ABSTRACT
Abstract Background: cardiac rehabilitation is a structured program to prevent secondary cardiovascular diseases. Objective: to investigate and compare the effectiveness of home-based cardiac rehabilitation program (HBCRP) on improving cardiovascular stress indices in men and women who had experienced myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: in this randomized controlled clinical trial, 80 patients with MI were divided into two groups of intervention and control (n = 40 per group). Analyses were erformed separately in females and males in the both groups. The HBCRP included receiving routine medications along with walking for 8 weeks. The control group only received the routine care along with counseling about having adequate physical activity. Cardiovascular stress indicators including heart rate at rest (HRrest), maximum heart rate (HRmax), recovery heart rate (RHR)at 1 and 2 minutes after the exercise test (i.e. RHR1 and RHR2), systolic and diastolic blood pressures at rest (SBPR and DBPR), and rate pressure product (RPP) were measured by a researcher blinded to the intervention before and after the test. Results: the results showed significant reductions in RHR1 (p<0.001), RHR2 (p<0.01), SBPR (p<0.01), DBPR (p<0.01), and RPP (p<0.001) in both males and females in the intervention group. A significant increase was also observed in HRmax (p<0.001) in the intervention group. However, there were no significant differences in HRmax and other variables comparing per- and post-experiment values in the control group. Conclusion: our results showed that 8 weeks of HBCRP sex-independently reduced cardiovascular stress indices in both men and women with MI.
Resumen Antecedentes: la rehabilitación cardíaca es un programa estructurado para prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares secundarias. Objetivo: estudiar y comparar la efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca en casa (HBCRP, por sus siglas en inglés) en la mejoría de los índices de estrés cardiovascular en hombres y mujeres que habían sufrido un infarto de miocardio (IM). Métodos: en este ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, 80 pacientes con IM se dividieron en dos grupos de intervención y control (n = 40 en cada grupo). Se realizaron análisis por separado en mujeres y hombres en ambos grupos. El HBCRP incluía la administración de medicamentos de rutina junto con caminatas por 8 semanas. El grupo de control solo recibió tratamiento de rutina junto con orientación acerca de la realización de actividad física adecuada. Un investigador cegado a la intervención midió los indicadores de estrés cardiovascular incluyendo frecuencia cardíaca en reposo (FCrep), frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmax), recuperación de la frecuencia cardíaca (RFC) 1 y 2 minutos después de la prueba de ejercicio (i.e. RFC1 y RFC2), tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica en reposo (TASR y TADR) y producto frecuencia-presión (PFP), antes y después de la prueba. Resultados: los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en RFC1 (p<0.001), RFC2 (p<0.01), TASR (p<0.01), TADR (p<0.01), y PFP (p<0.001), tanto en hombres como en mujeres del grupo de intervención. También se observó un aumento significativo en FCmax (p<0.001) en el grupo de intervención. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en FCmax y otros variables al comparar los valores pre- y post-experimentales en el grupo control. Conclusión: nuestros resultados mostraron que 8 semanas de HBCRP redujeron los índices de estrés cardiovascular independientemente del sexo, tanto en hombres como en mujeres con IM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiac Rehabilitation , Stress, Physiological , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
Hypertension is a multi-factorial, life-threatening disease. The present study was designed to investigate protective effect of aerobic regular training on inflammatory and toxicity markers in lung tissue of male wistar rats exposed to chronic nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester(L-NAME)-induced hypertension. Thirty two adult male Wistar rats are randomly classified into 4 groups; aerobic training, L-NAME, saline and control groups. Hypertension was induced by administration of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks and 6 sessions a week. Aerobic training was performed between 25 to 64 minutes and the speed 15 to 22 m/min for 8 weeks and 5 sessions a week. Chronically administration of L-NAME cause a significant increase in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, as compared to saline and control groups. In contrast, aerobic training for 8 weeks caused a significant increase in SOD, NO and a significant decrease in IL-6 and protein carbonyl (PC), as compared to LNAME and saline groups. Our study suggests aerobic regular exercise provided significant protection against L-NAME-induced toxicity in lung tissue by up-regulation of antioxidant systems and down-regulation of the inflammatory and vasoconstrictor factors in hypertensive rats. These results suggest that aerobic regular exercise may be considered as a potentially useful strategy to limit toxicity in lung tissue.
ABSTRACT
Overweight and obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer. In contrast, physical regular activity has been suggested to help increase the survival of individuals with breast cancer. However, few studies have assessed effect of individually and combined Zingiber officinale (as a anti-inflammatory factor) with water-based exercise on the pro-inflammatory markers and blood lipid levels in overweight women with breast cancer and results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the individual and concomitant effect of 6-wks water-based exercise and oral Zingiber officinale supplement on the aforesaid markers in overweight women with breast cancer. Forty women diagnosed with breast cancer(48±5.4 years, 76±9 kg, fat mass 41.8±4 %), volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into four groups; placebo, water-based exercise, Zingiber officinale and water-based exercise + Zingiber officinale groups. Subjects in the Zingiber officinale group and the exercise training+ Zingiber officinale group orally received 4 capsules (each capsule contained 750 mg), 7 days a week and for 6 weeks. The water-based exercise program were collected at a progressive intensity and time, ranged from 50% to 75% of heart rate reserve, in a pool with 15 meters width, 4 times a week for 6 weeks. Fasting blood sampling was collected at the pretest and post-test. The Zingiber officinale supplementation and or the water-base exercise resulted in a reduction of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TG, as compared to pretest. However, the combined intervention (water-base exercise and Zingiber officinale) group showed significantly a far better effect on the markers of pro-inflammatory and blood lipids, as compared to the water-base exercise or Zingiber officinale supplement alone groups and the age-matched placebo group. Our findings indicate a protective effect of the nondrug strategies such as water-base exercise and anti-inflammatory herbal factors such as; Zingiber officinale in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic responses in overweight women diagnosed with breast cancer.