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3.
Neotrop. entomol ; 36(2): 197-202, Mar.-Apr. 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-454498

ABSTRACT

This is the first record of Acanthoscelides schrankiae Horn. feeding in seeds of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze. We investigated the pattern of oviposition and seed exploitation by A. schrankiae, and the distribution of mature fruits and seed predation in the inflorescences. We also compared the percentage of predated seeds, the total dry weight of fruits and non-predated seeds, the percentage of aborted seeds, and the percentage of non-emergent insects, among different quadrants of the M. bimucronata canopy. To determine the occurring species, the emergence of bruchids and parasitoids was observed in the laboratory, resulting altogether, only in individuals of A. schrankiae and Horismenus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) species, respectively. Mean number of fruits produced in the median region of inflorescence was significantly higher than in the inferior and superior regions, and the frequencies (observed and expected) of predated and non-predated seeds differed among the different regions of inflorescence. Females of A. schrankiae laid their eggs on fruits, and larvae, after emergence, perforated the exocarp to reach the seeds. Most fruits presented one to three eggs and only one bruchid larva was observed in each seed. The highest value of the rate "number of eggs/fruit" and the highest percentage of predated seeds were recorded in April. Dry weight of fruits (total) and seeds (non-predated), proportions of predated seeds, seed abortions, and non-emergent seed predators, were evenly distributed in the canopy.


Este é o primeiro registro de Acanthoscelides schrankiae Horn. predando sementes de Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze. Investigou-se o padrão de oviposição e uso das sementes por A. schrankiae e a distribuição de frutos maduros e de predação na inflorescência. Também se comparou a matéria seca total e das sementes não predadas, a proporção de sementes predadas, e as taxas de aborto e de insetos não-emergentes, entre os diferentes quadrantes da copa de M. bimucronata. Para determinar as espécies ocorrentes, observou-se a emergência de bruquídeos e parasitóides, sendo que todos pertenciam às espécies A. schrankiae e Horismenus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), respectivamente. O número médio de frutos produzidos na região mediana da inflorescência foi significativamente maior do que nas regiões inferior e superior, e as freqüências (observadas e esperadas) das sementes predadas e não predadas diferiram estatisticamente entre as diferentes regiões da inflorescência. As fêmeas de A. schrankiae depositavam seus ovos sobre os frutos e as larvas, ao eclodirem, perfuravam o exocarpo, alcançando as sementes. A maioria dos frutos possuía de um a três ovos, sendo que somente uma larva de bruquídeo se desenvolve em cada semente. O maior valor da razão "número de ovos/fruto" e a maior porcentagem de sementes predadas foram registrados em abril. A matéria seca total e das sementes não predadas, a proporção de sementes predadas, e as taxas de aborto e de predadores não-emergentes não diferiram significativamente entre os diferentes quadrantes das copas das árvores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coleoptera/physiology , Mimosa , Seeds , Predatory Behavior
4.
Biol. Res ; 40(3): 281-290, 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-481305

ABSTRACT

Seeds of Mimosa bimucronata are heavily infested (pre-dispersal predation) by the bruchid beetle Acanthoscelides schrankiae in Brazil. In this study, firstly we set up experiments to assess seed germination under seven and six different light and temperature regimes, respectively, and then we evaluated the ability of seeds to germinate after predation. We tested the hypothesis that the non-predated seeds from infested fruits may respond differently when set for germination than those seeds of non-infested fruits. We also hypothesized that predation may increase the production of unviable seeds. Seeds under 18 hours of light presented the highest percentage of germination, and the alternating temperature 20-30 °C was considered as optimum for germination (abnormal seedlings were not considered as a successful germination). Germination of seeds from non-infested fruits was significantly higher than germination of non-predated seeds from infested fruits, and predation also caused a significant increase in the proportion of dead seeds. Our results also show a positive correlation between proportions of unviable seeds and predated seeds. These results demonstrated that seeds of M. bimucronata are strongly affected by predation because predated seeds did not germinate and non-predated seeds had their viability reduced when located in infested fruits, supporting our hypothesis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Coleoptera/physiology , Germination/physiology , Mimosa/parasitology , Predatory Behavior , Seeds/parasitology , Light , Seeds/growth & development , Temperature
5.
Radiol. bras ; 39(4): 277-282, jul.-ago. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-446544

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência do serviço de radiologia do Hospital Santa Cecília, São Paulo, SP, no manejo das biópsias pulmonares por aspiração através de agulha fina e biópsias por fragmentos guiadas por tomografia computadorizada e a análise de sua importância e associação com suas complicações. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 168 biópsias guiadas por tomografia, sendo 84 em homens e 84 em mulheres. Utilizou-se a técnica de biópsia por aspiração por agulha fina em 64 pacientes, a técnica de biópsia por fragmento em 68 pacientes e ambas as técnicas em 36 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Pneumotórax ocorreu em 38 pacientes e a hemorragia pulmonar, em dez pacientes. As dimensões das lesões biopsiadas variaram de 0,5 cm até 15 cm. O diagnóstico foi realizado na primeira tentativa em 132 casos e na segunda tentativa em dez casos. CONCLUSÃO: A acurácia das biópsias aspirativas por agulha fina e por fragmento de lesões pulmonares depende do tamanho da lesão e da colaboração do paciente. Essas técnicas são relativamente seguras e têm acurácia diagnóstica elevada quando feitas por um profissional experiente.


OBJECTIVE: To present the experience of Santa Cecília Hospital (São Paulo, SP, Brazil) radiology service in the handling of computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and percutaneous core biopsy of pulmonary lesions, analyzing their importance and associated complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-eight computed tomography-guided biopsies were performed in 84 men and 84 women. Sixty-four patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy, 68 underwent percutaneous core biopsy and 36 patients underwent both techniques. RESULTS: Pneumothorax occurred in 38 patients, and pulmonary hemorrhage in then cases. The biopsied lesions ranged in size from 0.5 to 15 cm. The diagnosis was achieved at the first attempt in 132 cases and at the second attempt in ten cases. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of fine-needle aspiration and percutaneous core biopsies depends both on the size of the lesion and the patient's cooperation. These techniques are relatively safe and present a high diagnostic accuracy when performed by an experienced professional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Biopsy, Needle/methods , Lung/pathology , Administration, Cutaneous , Brazil , Diagnosis, Differential , Pneumothorax , Lung Diseases/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.
Rev. Soc. Venez. Microbiol ; 25(2): 79-87, 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-486722

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis constituye un problema de salud a nivel mundial y se necesitan esfuerzos concertados para lograr un diagnóstico oportuno. Las infecciones por micobacterias no-tuberculosas (MNT) se agregan al reto diagnóstico. En este trabajo mostramos el aislamiento e identificación de micobacterias, usando métodos bacteriológicos y moleculares a partir de 256 muestras clínicas obtenidas de 188 pacientes con impresión diagnóstica de tuberculosis. De las 41 muestras en las cuales hubo aislamiento (16 por ciento del total), 24 fueron baciloscopia positiva (BK+), 58,5 por ciento y 17 BK- (41,5 por ciento). M. tuberculosis representó el 58,14 por ciento de los aislados y MNT el 37,2 por ciento: 6 M. chelonae, 4 M. marinum, 3 M. fortuitum, 3 no identificadas. La correlación entre la identificación bacteriológica y molecular fue del 93 por ciento. La presencia de un alto porcentaje de MNT aisladas de pacientes clínicamente enfermos señala la importancia de incluirlas en el diagnóstico clínico diferencial y la necesidad de implementar el cultivo como herramienta obligatoria de diagnóstico bacteriológico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bacteriology , Biochemistry , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification , Molecular Biology , Tuberculosis , Microbiology , Venezuela
7.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 47(5): 805-811, Sept. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-388766

ABSTRACT

A fauna de formigas predadoras presentes em lavouras de cana-de-açúcar localizadas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi avaliada utilizando-se iscas de sardinha. Plantas de três meses de idade foram utilizadas para a estimativa da fauna de formigas predadoras em duas usinas de cana-de-açúcar, usina São João e usina da Barra. Doze áreas [30m X 30 m (900 m²) cada] foram previamente delimitadas em cada usina para a coleta das formigas. As formigas foram amostradas colocando-se nove iscas no solo por área, sendo cada isca composta por um tubo de ensaio plástico (12 mm X 75 mm), contendo sardinha em seu interior. Na usina São João, a espécie de formiga predominante observada foi Solenopsis saevissima, seguida por Dorymyrmex sp. 1, Pheidole sp. 2, and Crematogaster sp. 1. Considerando apenas o gênero, os mais abundantes foram Solenopsis, Pheidole, Dorymyrmex e Crematogaster. Na usina da Barra, o gênero predominante amostrado foi Solenopsis, seguido por Pheidole, Crematogaster e Dorymyrmex. Como a predação por formigas predadoras generalistas deve ser uma das razões para os baixos níveis populacionais das infestações de Diatraea saccharalis em lavouras de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo, este estudo ajudará futuras pesquisas destinadas a se conhecer as formigas predadoras que de fato agem como predadoras de ovos e estágios larvais iniciais de D. saccharalis no Brasil.

8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 97(8): 1137-1140, Dec. 15, 2002. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-326342

ABSTRACT

In this study we investigated the larval dispersal associated with larval predation in experimental populations of Chrysomya albiceps and Cochliomyia macellaria. Frequency distribution of sampling units (G test) in the substrate was used to evaluate variation in larval dispersal. An experimental acrylic channel (1 x 0.1 x 0.2 m) covered with wood shavings was used to observe larval dispersal prior to pupation. The acrylic channel was graduated at 0.05 m intervals, each representing a sampling unit; hence, 20 sampling units were set up. A Petri dish containing third instar larvae of single and double species was deposited at one edge of the acrylic channel allowing larvae to disperse. The number of buried pupae (0, 1, 2, àn) present in each sampling unit was recorded. For double species, the number of recovered larvae of C. albiceps was similar to the number initially released on the dish Petri. On the other hand, the number of recovered larvae of C. macellaria was significantly smaller than the initially released number. The results show that C. albiceps attacks C. macellaria larvae during the larval dispersal process. The larval distribution of C. albiceps did not differ significantly from C. macellaria in double species, but it differed significantly in single species. The larval aggregation level of C. macellaria decreased when C. albiceps was present and the larval aggregation level of C. albiceps increased when C. macellaria was present. The implications of such findings for the population dynamics of these species are discussed


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Diptera , Predatory Behavior , Chi-Square Distribution , Larva , Population Dynamics
9.
Rev. imagem ; 11(4): 131-4, out.-dez. 1989. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-85339

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de paracoccidioidomicose com envolvimento cutâneo, linfonodal e ósseo, destacando os achados radiográficos e radioisotópicos


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Radiography, Thoracic , Radionuclide Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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