ABSTRACT
Infant rats must learn to identify their mother’s diet-dependent odor. Once learned, maternal odor controls pups’ approach to the mother, their social behavior and nipple attachment. Here we present a review of the research from four different laboratories, which suggests that neural and behavioral responses to the natural maternal odor and neonatal learned odors are similar. Together, these data indicate that pups have a unique learning circuit relying on the olfactory bulb for neural plasticity and on the hyperfunctioning noradrenergic locus coeruleus flooding the olfactory bulb with norepinephrine to support the neural changes. Another important factor making this system unique is the inability of the amygdala to become incorporated into the infant learning circuit. Thus, infant rats appear to be primed in early life to learn odors that will evoke approach responses supporting attachment to the caregiver.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Amygdala/physiology , Cues , Discrimination Learning/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Locus Coeruleus/physiology , Odorants , Olfactory Bulb/physiology , Animals, Newborn , Neuronal Plasticity/physiology , Norepinephrine/physiologyABSTRACT
Se llevo a cabo un estudio controlado doble ciego, con 24 voluntarios que padecian insomnio, los cuales fueron tratados con un nuevo hipnotico-sedante; triazolobenzodiacepinico (estazolam) para determinar su efecto en el insomnio y como inductor del sueno administrado la noche anterior a una intervencion quirurgica. En este estudio, que tuvo duracion de 14 dias, se comparo el estazolam de 1g (grupo IE) o de 2g(grupo 2E) con fluorazepam 15 mg (grupo 15F).El estazolam no produjo hipnosis continua ni produjo accion de rebote despues de retirar la droga, tampoco produjo cambio en el funcionamiento cardiovascular o depresion respiratoria.La tolerancia fue excelente, siendo um magnifico hipnotico a la dosis empleada