ABSTRACT
Background:GSTP1is one of the Glutathione-S-Transferases(GSTs) which suppress tumor genesis by detoxifying toxic carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Prostate cancer is related to several mutations affecting the expression of GSTP1. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: Ile105Val) in the GSTP1gene results insignificant reduction in its anticancer activity. The current case control study was conducted to ascertain the risk of association of GSTP1polymorphism with risk of cancer prostate in an Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: During a study period of 2 years, DNA was isolated using the phenol chloroform extraction method from the blood of 225 histopathologically diagnosed prostate cancer patients and 120 matched controls. The GSTP1polymorphism was assessed by PCR amplification of thegene followed by restriction digestion with Alw261 (a restriction enzyme derived from Acinetobactro lwoffiRFL26). Histopathological grading in the case group was performed using Gleason’s scores and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading. Results:Comparison of the distribution of different GSTP1alleles between the case and control groups was performed by chi square test and odds ratio analysis. A χ2 value of 18.56 suggested significantly higher number of Galleles in the case group. An odds ratio of 2.25 with a confidence interval of 1.52 to 3.34 for 95% CI showed that the Gallele in GSTP1gene were linked with greater risk of prostate cancer. Post hoc ANOVA and logistic regression suggested that cases having Galleles had more progressive form of diseases as evident from ISUP grades.Conclusion:From our study we can conclude that GSTP1polymorphism is not only significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer but also with its severity in our Eastern Indian population.GSTP1polymorphism should be considered as a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer patients along with planning for more aggressive management of the disease
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Aims: In conjunction with triglyceride (TG) and HDLc, changes in the Lp (a) level in hypothyroidism have shown variable results. In the present study we made an effort to evaluate the role of Lp(a) as cardiovascular risk factor in both subclinical(SH) and overt hypothyroidism(OH) along with its dependence with dyslipidemic changes found in both groups. Study Design: It was a cross sectional, observational, non interventional, hospital based study Place and Duration of the Study: The study period was one year spanning a duration from February 2014 to January 2015 in the Dept. of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata. Methodology: We evaluated the changes in Lp(a) TG, HDLc and fT4 levels in 30 overt and 34 subclinical hypothyroid patients and compared them with 34 control subjects in a hospital based cross-sectional study. Data were compared for difference between mean values and obtaining dependence of Lp(a) on lipid parameters. Results: Mean values of Lp(a), TG, TC and LDLc were found to be increased most in the OH group followed by that in the SH patients, the difference between two groups being significant statistically (p < 0.001). In contrast, fT4 and HDLc showed decreased levels in both SH and OH groups with a significant difference between them. Results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that changes in the Lp(a) levels showed significant positive and negative dependence on the TG (β = 0.377 for OH and 0.296 for SH), and fT4 (β= -0.699 for OH and -0.380 for SH) and HDLc (β= -0.341 for OH and -0.393 for SH) respectively. Conclusion: Dyslipidemic features are evident in patients with SH as well as in the OH group that play also an important predictive role on the changes in Lp(a), indicating that in addition to traditional dyslipidemia, nontraditional risk factors like Lp (a) play a major role in initiating cardiovascular adverse events even in the early stages of hypothyroidism (SH).
ABSTRACT
Objectives Although the glycoprotein group tumor marker CA 19-9 has been detected in both serum and urine of bladder cancer patients, information about their comparative role in screening of low grade transitional cell carcinoma (LGTCC) and high grade transitional cell carcinoma (HGTCC) is rare. Materials and Methods In this study we measured both the urinary and serum levels of CA 19-9 in 35 LGTCC and 20 HGTCC patients by ELISA and determined the cut off value of both urinary and serum CA 19-9 levels by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) for both patient groups. Odds ratio (OR) for CA 19-9 was analyzed with its range at 95% confidence interval to analyze the role of this tumor marker as a screening parameter for both of these cancer types. Results For urinary CA 19-9 the OR was 20.16 with an interval of 4.91-82.71 whereas for the serum CA 19-9 it was 7.5 with an interval of 2.28-24.62. Conclusions From these data we suggest that urinary CA 19-9 is a better screening parameter with optimum sensitivity and specificity than its serum counterpart for diagnosis of low grade and early stages of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Furthermore, it can be suggested that urinary CA 19-9 can be used as better prognostic marker for LGTCC than its serum counterpart. .