ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION@#There has been a global decrease in operative vaginal deliveries, with a marked shift towards the vacuum extractor. However, little is known about the trends in operative vaginal delivery in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on all operative vaginal deliveries performed from 2012 to 2017 at Singapore General Hospital (SGH). Maternal outcomes in terms of postpartum haemorrhage and obstetric anal sphincter injuries were compared between forceps- and vacuum-assisted deliveries. Neonatal outcomes in terms of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and clinically significant neonatal events were compared. The instrument preference of obstetricians was analysed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 906 consecutive operative vaginal deliveries were included in the study, comprising 461 forceps- and 445 vacuum-assisted deliveries. The rate of operative vaginal delivery was maintained at approximately 10% from 2012 to 2017. Neonatal cephalohematomas were more common after vacuum-assisted deliveries. Other maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups. Clinically significant neonatal events were mostly due to shoulder dystocia, whereas all cases of NICU admissions were not directly related to the mode of delivery. Obstetricians' choice of instrument appeared to reflect personal preference and was not affected by the year of graduation.@*CONCLUSION@#The rates of neonatal and maternal morbidity were low at SGH. Overall instrument use of forceps and vacuum was balanced, and proficiency in both was demonstrated by all operators. Operative vaginal delivery remains an essential skill in facilitating safe vaginal delivery, which should be maintained to keep Caesarean section rates in check.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Cesarean Section , Retrospective Studies , Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Hospitals, General , Obstetrical Forceps/adverse effects , Delivery, ObstetricABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanisms underlying allergic conjunctivitis caused by conjunctival epithelial cell damage, neutrophil migration and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation induced by crude extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae mite (CDM).@*METHODS@#Human conjunctival epithelial cells were stimulated with 500, 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 ng/mL, and the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-8 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The culture supernatant of human conjunctival epithelial cells was collected and co-cultured with neutrophils. Neutrophil migration was measured using Transwell migration assay, and the expression of NETs markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) was quantified using immunofluorescence staining. Neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and then NETs were collected for treatment of human conjunctival epithelial cells. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-8 were measured in the cell culture supernatant using ELISA.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with CDM at concentrations of 2 000 ng/mL and 4 000 ng/mL up-regulated IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-8 expression in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Following treatment with CDM at concentrations of 2 000 ng/mL and 4 000 ng/mL, the culture supernatant of human conjunctival epithelial cells promoted neutrophil migration and induced increases in the staining intensity of MPO and CitH3. In addition, increased NETs triggered the apoptosis of human conjunctival epithelial cells and IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-8 secretion in the culture supernatant of human conjunctival epithelial cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CDM induces human conjunctival epithelial cell damages, thereby promoting neutrophil migration and NETs formation, while the release of NETs further aggravates human conjunctival epithelial cell damages.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Extracellular Traps , Neutrophils , Interleukin-8/metabolism , Dermatophagoides farinae , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Epithelial Cells , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying allergic conjunctivitis caused by conjunctival epithelial cell damage, neutrophil migration and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation induced by crude extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae mite (CDM). Methods Human conjunctival epithelial cells were stimulated with 500, 1 000, 2 000, 4 000 ng/mL, and the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-8 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The culture supernatant of human conjunctival epithelial cells was collected and co-cultured with neutrophils. Neutrophil migration was measured using Transwell migration assay, and the expression of NETs markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) was quantified using immunofluorescence staining. Neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and then NETs were collected for treatment of human conjunctival epithelial cells. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-8 were measured in the cell culture supernatant using ELISA. Results Treatment with CDM at concentrations of 2 000 ng/mL and 4 000 ng/mL up-regulated IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-8 expression in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Following treatment with CDM at concentrations of 2 000 ng/mL and 4 000 ng/mL, the culture supernatant of human conjunctival epithelial cells promoted neutrophil migration and induced increases in the staining intensity of MPO and CitH3. In addition, increased NETs triggered the apoptosis of human conjunctival epithelial cells and IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-8 secretion in the culture supernatant of human conjunctival epithelial cells. Conclusions CDM induces human conjunctival epithelial cell damages, thereby promoting neutrophil migration and NETs formation, while the release of NETs further aggravates human conjunctival epithelial cell damages.
ABSTRACT
In traditional oral practice, the presystemic interactions with gut microbiota is an important mechanism underlying the holistic health benefits of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), making the study of CHMs distinct from the research of Western medicines of which the systemic exposure (level in blood) is the starting point and the core. Gut microbial metabolism complements host metabolism in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of many biologically important endogenous molecules and the disposition of numerous exogenous compounds. Among them, the widely distributed gut bacterial β-glucuronidases (BGUSs) coordinate with host UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) to play a role in the occurrence and intervention of diseases by affecting the glucuronidation homeostasis and altering the intestinal local and/or systemic exposure of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. On one hand, many ingredients of CHMs undergo enterohepatic circulation; On the other hand, CHMs can act on BGUSs directly or indirectly change the distribution and function of BGUSs through reprogramming gut microbiome. The multiple interactions between BGUSs and CHMs may play an important role in the overall therapeutic benefits of CHMs. This work firstly summarizes the latest research progress on BGUSs; then the physiological, pathological and pharmacological significance of BGUSs are exemplified with representative endogenous and exogenous compounds from the aspects of nutrient utilization, metabolic homeostasis, and therapeutic response based on the varied substrate spectra of BGUSs; finally, the scattered data in literature were integrated to summarize the multiple interactions between BGUSs and CHMs, highlighting the important role of BGUSs in the holistic actions of CHMs.
ABSTRACT
Bacterial β-glucuronidases (BGUSs) are an important type of hydrolase produced by gut microbiota and play an important role in tumor development and chemotherapy by deconjugating a large number of endogenous and exogenous glucuronides. In recent years, BGUSs inhibition has emerged as a promising approach to reduce cancer risk and alleviate gastrointestinal toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. However, a growing body of evidence underlines great genetic and structural diversity, functional promiscuity, and varied inhibition propensity of BGUSs, which have posed enormous challenges to identifying BGUSs involved in a specific pathophysiological or pharmacological process and developing effective inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in structure and function of BGUSs and review the findings of BGUSs-mediated carcinogen reactivation and deconjugation of chemotherapy drugs in recent years, as well as the discovery of BGUSs inhibitors and preclinical investigation of their applications in cancer prevention and drug therapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects of BGUSs inhibition as a new strategy for tumor prevention and drug therapy.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of negative emotion on the professional identity of nurses in Guangdong Province and the moderating role of social support during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was used to select 436 nurses in Guangdong Province as study subjects. The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, Nurse Professional Identity Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate the negative emotion, professional identity and social support of these nurses. RESULTS: The median, the 25 th and 75 th percentile scores of the negative emotion total scores of nurses was 10.0(3.0,17.8). The total scores of professional identity and social support were(106.6±16.9) and(56.9±13.2), respectively. The professional identity and social support were negatively correlated with negative emotion(P<0.01), while the professional identity was positively correlated with social support in these nurses(P<0.01). The negative emotion of nurses can negatively predict their professional identity, and social support plays a moderating role in it.CONCLUSION: The higher the degree of social support, the less negative emotional impact on professional identity of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses should be given more social supports.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Pyrotinib, a novel irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, showed promising antitumor activity and acceptable tolerability in phase II and phase III randomized clinical trials. We assessed the activity and safety of oral pyrotinib for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer patients in the real world.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed 72 HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who received oral pyrotinib based regimens at Beijing Cancer Hospital and other four hospitals (Peking University First Hospital, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Peking University Third Hospital) from August 2018 to September 2019. Progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), adverse events (AE) of pyrotinib were investigated.@*RESULTS@#Seventy-two patients with HER2 positive MBC were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 55 years (range: 32-79 years). Sixty-nine (95.8%) patients had received anti-HER2 treatment in the metastatic and/or (neo) adjuvant settings; 61 (84.7%) patients had received anti-HER2 treatments in the metastatic setting in terms of trastuzumab 56 (77.8%) patients, lapatinib 36 (50.0%) patients, and T-DM1 4 (5.6%) patients. Among these 72 patients who received oral pyrotinib based regimens, 62 (86.1%) patients received pyrotinib (±trastuzumab) in combination with chemotherapy, 6 (8.3%) patients received pyrotinib (± trastuzumab) in combination with endocrine therapy and 4 (5.6%) patients received pyrotinib (±trastuzumab). Sixty-five (90.3%) patients received 400 mg pyrotinib once daily as initial dose, and 7 (9.7%) patients received 320 mg. OBJECTIVE response and safety to pyrotinib based therapy were evaluable in all the 72 patients. One (1.4%) patient achieved complete response (CR), 18 (25.0%) patients achieved partial response (PR), 41 (56.9%) patients had stable disease (SD), and 12 (16.7%) patients had progressive disease (PD). The ORR (CR+PR) was 26.4% and the median PFS was 7.6 months (95%CI: 5.5-9.7 months). Among the 36 patients with prior lapatinib therapy, the median PFS was 7.9 months (95%CI: 4.1-11.7 months). Among the 15 patients with brain metastasis, the median PFS was 6.0 months (95%CI: 2.2-9.8 months). The main toxicities related to pyrotinib were diarrhea in 57 (79.2%) cases, and 48 (66.7%) cases with grade 1-2 as well as 9 (12.5%) cases with grade 3.@*CONCLUSION@#Pyrotinib based therapy is an effective treatment for patients with HER2 positive MBC, including patients with lapatinib treatment failure and brain metastasis, and the toxicities can be tolerated.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Acrylamides/therapeutic use , Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , China , Neoplasm Metastasis , Receptor, ErbB-2 , Retrospective Studies , Trastuzumab , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effect of needle-embedding therapy (press needle) combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain and motor function in patients with nonspecific neck pain. Methods:From July, 2016 to September, 2017, 80 patients with nonspecific neck pain were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 40 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with press needle combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, while the control group was treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation only, seven times per week for two weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), neck range of motion and neck muscle average electromyography (EMG) before treatment, at the end of treatment, and one-month and six-month followup. Results:All 80 patients completed the treatment and follow-up. After treatment, the scores of VAS and NDI decreased in both groups (t >1.731, P < 0.05), and were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (t > 0.236, P < 0.05); the neck range of motion increased in both groups (P < 0.05), and no difference was found between two groups (P > 0.05); the average EMG value of the neck muscles decreased in both groups (P < 0.05), and were less in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The press needle combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was more effective on nonspecific neck pain than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation only, and no adverse reaction was observed during the treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of clemastine fumarate on Toll-like receptor 4/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (TLR4/PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in rat cardiomyocytes.Methods H9C2 cells of rats cultured in vitro were seeded in culture wells or dishes at a density of 1×105 cells/ml and divided into 3 groups (n=11 each) by using a random number table method:control group (group C),H/R group and clemastine fumarate group (CF group).Cardiomyocytes were exposed to 5％ CO2-95％ N2in a low-glucose DMEM medium at 37℃ for 4 h followed by 4 h reoxygenation.At 4 h of reoxygenation,the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,the ultrastructure was observed with a transmission electron microscope,the expression of TLR4,PI3K,phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and caspase-3 was detected by Western blot,and the expression of TLR4,PI3K and caspase-3 was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the expression of TLR4 and caspase-3 was up-regulated,and the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was down-regulated in group H/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group H/R,the cell viability was significantly increased,the expression of TLR4 and caspase-3 was down-regulated,the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the mitochondrial damage was significantly attenuated in group CF.Conclusion The mechanism by which clemastine fumarate alleviates H/R injury to rat cardiomyocytes may be related to inhibiting TLR4 expression and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
A total of 27 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Huperzia serrata,which were richly distributed in the stems and leaves while less distributed in roots. The 27 strains were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer( ITS) r DNA molecular method and one of the strains belongs to Basidiomycota phylum,and other 26 stains belong to 26 species,9 general,6 families,5 orders,3 classes of Ascomycota Phylum. The dominant strains were Colletotrichum genus,belonging to Glomerellaceae family,Glomerellales order,Sordariomycetes class,Ascomycota Phylum,with the percentage of 48. 15%. The inhibitory activities of the crude extracts of 27 endophytic fungal strains against acetylcholinesterase( ACh E) and nitric oxide( NO) production were evaluated by Ellman's method and Griess method,respectively. Crude extracts of four fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against ACh E with an IC50 value of 42. 5-62. 4 mg·L~(-1),and some fungi's crude extracts were found to inhibit nitric oxide( NO) production in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated RAW264. 7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 2. 2-51. 3 mg·L~(-1),which indicated that these fungi had potential anti-inflammatory activities.The chemical composition of the Et OAc extract of endophytic fungus HS21 was also analyzed by LCMS-IT-TOF. Seventeen compounds including six polyketides,four diphenyl ether derivatives and seven meroterpenoids were putatively identified.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Acetylcholinesterase , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Pharmacology , Ascomycota , Chemistry , Classification , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Metabolism , Endophytes , Classification , Huperzia , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To establish the plant tissue culture system of Cistanche tubulosa, and determine the effect of drought stress on accumulation of two respective phenylethanoid glycosides in it. Methods The major chemical constituents of C. tubulosa by tissue culture were analyzed by HPLC-UV and HR-MS. The cell growth curves were also determined. In addition, the effects of drought stress on the phenylethanoid glycosides (echinacoside and acteoside) content in the tissue culture system of C. tubulosa were also studied by using NaCl, mannitol and PEG6000 as osmotic regulators, respectively. Results:Chemical constituents analyses revealed that callus and suspension cultures of C. tubulosa could produce the respective phenylethanoid glycosides of echinacoside and acteoside as in wild plant; Cell growth curves indicated that 30 d were the optimum culture period of callus culture; The cell growth rate and the accumulation of echinacoside and acteoside were mostly inhibited when the callus cells were under drought stress induced by NaCl or mannitol. Meanwhile, the accumulation of echinacoside and acteoside in cell suspension culture of C. tubulosa could be effectively enhanced by treatment with PEG6000. The maximum biomass of echinacoside and acteoside could reach to (1.07 ± 0.10) g/L and (0.12 ± 0.01) g/L 15 d after induction, respectively. And their contents were 20.94% and 2.27% separately based on the cell dry weight (DW) after 15 d of treatment with 6% PEG6000, which were 1.29 and 1.19 fold higher than the control group. Conclusion:Drought stress induced by PEG6000 could effectively enhance the accumulation of echinacoside and acteoside in cell suspension culture of C. tubulosa.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chinese citizens have a high approbation to organ donation, but few take action. Besides the restriction of policies and regulations, there are still many hidden factors, among which the cultural elements should never be neglected. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cultural and psychological factor affecting the willingness of donors under Chinese cultural background through the phenomenological study on the organ donation simulation in college students, and to explore the strategies for promoting organ donation. METHODS: Totally 50 junior students majored in applied psychology were selected from one university in Guangdong Province, including 19 males and 31 females, and an in-depth interview was performed in 8 students (2 males and 6 females). The participants were interviewed using qualitative research methods and phenomenological approaches after simulating the dilemma of organ donation, to explore the cultural and psychological factors that affect the willingness of college students to donate their organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The donation situation will affect the willingness to donate, among which, cognition, sentiment and emotional connections are the psychological factors, and death, loss, taboo, meaning and respect are the cultural factors. Cultural psychological factors contributing to the willingness of organ donation included maximum the organ value, positive mentality, pleasure to help others and life extension. The cultural and psychological factors that bad for the willingness to donate include fear of death, traditional thinking, and uncertainty. To encourage donation, it is necessary to conduct death education, cultural guidance, and strengthen social support, as well as respect the opinions of important families and improve the relevant regulations as quickly as possible.
ABSTRACT
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, a key enzyme in plant metabolism, plays an essential role in the plant defence system. In present study, a full length cDNA sequence of AsSAMS1 gene was cloned by RACE and reverse transcription PCR from Aquilaria sinensis calli. Meanwhile, the bioinformatics, prokaryotic expression, tissue-specific expression analysis, and expression analysis under different abiotic stresses and hormone treatments were performed. The open reading frame (ORF) of AsSAMS1 gene was 1 183 bp, encoding a protein of 393 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass (MW) of 43.13 kDa. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that AsSAMS1 contained 3 SAMS characteristic sequences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that AsSAMS1 protein had the highest level of homology with SAMS protein from Glycine soja. The recombinant AsSAMS1 protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells using the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-AsSAMS1 and the recombinant AsSAMS1 was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Expression analysis results in different tissues indicated that AsSAMS1 was primarily observed in stems, and then stem tips and leaves, following by roots. The transcript level of AsSAMS1 and the content of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) were induced by various abiotic stresses including salt, drought, cold, and heavy metal stress. Furthermore, AsSAMS1 expression level was enhanced upon methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellin (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. These results provided valuable insights for further study on the role of SAMS in the mechanism of agarwood formation and plant resistance.
ABSTRACT
As important constituents of the first-line of host defense barrier, intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play important roles in disease pathogenesis as well as drug absorption and exposure. Clinical reports and experimental data revealed diminished intestinal CYP3A and P-gp expression accompanying with gut dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Yet whether gut dysbiosis is associated with the down-regulation of CYP3A and P-gp and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, daily administration of fresh feces from normal rats and rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium to normal rats resulted in alterations of gut bacterial compositions. Intestinal CYP3A2 and P-gp were significantly down-regulated in rats receiving UC feces. Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-scale special buds of the outer membrane which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and mediate diverse functions including interactions within bacterial communities and communications with host. Expressions of CYP3A4 and P-gp mRNA were diminished in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) treated by OMVs from all different groups with OMVs from UC rats or rats receiving UC feces showing more significant effects.Moreover, the OMVs fractions within 30 000-50 000 Daltons from both normal and UC rats elicited more effects than fractions of other molecular weights. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) or TLR4 silence RNA (siRNA) blocked CYP3A4 and P-gp down-regulation induced by bacterial OMVs. Taken together, we proved in this study that gut microbiota can down-regulate intestinal CYP3A and P-gp partially through producing OMVs to activate the TLR4 signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important signal molecule involved in plant resistance, and allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. In this study, a full-length cDNA of AsAOS1 gene was cloned from Aquilaria sinensis. Meanwhile, the sequence analysis, prokaryotic expression, purification, tissue-specific expression analysis and expression analysis under different abiotic stresses and hormone treatments were performed. The open reading frame (ORF) of AsAOS1 gene was 1 575 bp, encoding a protein of 524 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular mass of 58.70 kDa. AsAOS1 protein possessed the conserved sequences of cytochrome P450 (CYP450). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that AsAOS1 protein had the highest level of homology with AOS protein of Citrus sinensis. The recombinant AsAOS1 protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells using the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-AsAOS1 and the recombinant AsAOS1 was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Expression analysis results in different tissues showed that AsAOS1 was primarily observed in stems, and then roots, followed by leaves. AsAOS1 transcript level was significantly induced after 12 h treatment of NaCl, cold temperature and CdCl2. Furthermore, AsAOS1 expression level was enhanced upon methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. However, mannitol and gibberellin (GA3) treatments had little influence on the expression level of AsAOS1. These results provides valuable insights into the role of JA in the mechanism of agarwood formation and plant resistance.
ABSTRACT
The MYB gene family comprises one of the richest groups of transcription factors in plants. The full length of two MYB genes were isolated through heterologous screening of Aquilaria sinensis calli transcriptome data, and the reverse transcription PCR was performed to obstain the corrected MYB clones, named AsMYB1, AsMYB2. The MYB transmembrane domain and phylogenetic analysis were predicted by different software to analyze the bioinformatics of MYB proteins. The transcript level of AsMYB1, AsMYB2 was performed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in different tissues and in responds to abiotic stresses including salt, cold, metal and drought stress, and hormone treatments including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellins (GA3) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. The AsMYB1 cDNA sequence had an ORF of 1 063 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 353 amino acids. The largest AsMYB2 ORF was 1 081 nucleotides, and its predicted translation products consisted of 359 amino acids. Two MYB genes had a tissues-specific pattern in A. sinensis. Moreover, the expression level of AsMYB1 and AsMYB2 was regulated by different abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, suggesting the transcription factors AsMYB1 and AsMYB2 play an important role in plant defense and hormone signal transduction in A. sinensis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of postpartum depression (PPD) on adolescent depression of mice offspring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 48 Balb/c female mice were equally randomized into control group and stress group. Control group was not given any stress, whereas stress group were given chronic stress: constraining (6 h/d) combined with light stimulation for 24 hours (twice a week). The stress group was divided into 3 groups to measue the animals' behaviors immediately after modeling, three weeks after modeling, and three weeks after delivery to test whether the PPD models were successfully constructed. The first generation (F1) of normal mothers and PPD-born F1 were as follows: control group (CTL-F1) and PPD offspring group (PPD-F1). The 3-4-week-old male CTL-F1 and PPD-F1 mice (n=8 each) were weighed, and received sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and novelty-supressed feeding test to measure the depression-like behaviors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3-and 4-week-old PPD-F1 had significantly lower body mass than CTL-F1 (P=0.000, P=0.002). Also, the sucrose preference significantly decreased (P=0.000), the forced swimming immobility time significantly increased (P=0.001), the latency to feed significantly increased (P=0.000), while food intake significantly decreased (P=0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PPD offspring may be more susceptible to depression,with a possible eary onset in adolescence.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , Depression , Depression, Postpartum , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Risk Factors , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
As a commonly employed traditional Chinese medicine, Peucedani Radix [Qian-hu in Chinese], which consists of the dried roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, has a long history of application for the treatment of cough with thick sputum and dyspnea, nonproductive cough and upper air-way infections in traditional medicinal practice. The current review aims to summarize the research progress on the botany, phytochemistry, chemical analysis, pharmacological assay, and pharmacokinetic profile of this famous herbal drug. All available information on this traditional medicine was obtained via electronic search [using ACS, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and CNKI]. Phytochemical investigations revealed that angular-type pyranocoumarins [APs], mainly [+/-]- praeruptorin A [Pd-Ia], [+]-praeruptorin A, [+/-]-praeruptorin B, [+]-praeruptorin B [Pd-II] and [+]-praeruptorin E [PdIII], were the main active components in Qian-hu, while some other types of ingredients were also identified from this herb. The crude extract and pure compounds from Peucedani Radix exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, including vasorelaxant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-platelet aggregative effects. Conversely to the well-defined chemical constituents and activities, the properties of absorption, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism were rarely characterized. However, further investigations are wistful for the development of new drugs and therapies for various diseases, especially cardiovascular disorders. Collectively, the present review on the phytochemistry, chemical analysis, pharmacological evaluation, and pharmacokinetic profile of Peucedani Radix will provide meaningful information for further studies and commercial exploitation of the herbal medicine
Subject(s)
Pyranocoumarins/pharmacology , Pyranocoumarins , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Phytochemicals , Plant Roots , Pyranocoumarins/analysisABSTRACT
Calcium hydroxide (CH) is applied to improve disinfection of root canals in most root canal retreatment. This study aimed to analyze the CH removal efficacy using 7 different root preparing files (K file, pre-curved K file, EndoActivator, Ultrasonic file, pre-curved ultrasonic file, F file and needle irrigation alone) with apical transportation. Standardized models of curved canal with such apical transportation or not were set up before applying CH to root canal for 7 days. Seven techniques described above were used for its removal. Then the roots were disassembled and digital photos were taken. The ratio of residual CH in the overall canal surface was calculated using the image analyzer image pro plus 6.0. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Results revealed that CH was effectively removed (P<0.05) by using all 6 mechanical methods except irrigation alone. In curved root canals with apical transportation, EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file were found to be more effective in removing CH than the other four file (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference among EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file groups (P>0.05). The percentage of residual CH in the canal with apical transportation was higher than that in the canal without apical transportation (P<0.05). In conclusion, CH can be hardly removed completely. Canal with apical transportation will result in insufficient CH removal. EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file are more effective in the curved root canal with apical transportation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Bone Cements , Pharmacology , Calcium Hydroxide , Pharmacology , Dental Pulp Cavity , Disinfectants , Pharmacology , Root Canal Preparation , MethodsABSTRACT
Calcium hydroxide (CH) is applied to improve disinfection of root canals in most root canal retreatment. This study aimed to analyze the CH removal efficacy using 7 different root preparing files (K file, pre-curved K file, EndoActivator, Ultrasonic file, pre-curved ultrasonic file, F file and needle irrigation alone) with apical transportation. Standardized models of curved canal with such apical transportation or not were set up before applying CH to root canal for 7 days. Seven techniques described above were used for its removal. Then the roots were disassembled and digital photos were taken. The ratio of residual CH in the overall canal surface was calculated using the image analyzer image pro plus 6.0. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Results revealed that CH was effectively removed (P0.05). The percentage of residual CH in the canal with apical transportation was higher than that in the canal without apical transportation (P<0.05). In conclusion, CH can be hardly removed completely. Canal with apical transportation will result in insufficient CH removal. EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file are more effective in the curved root canal with apical transportation.