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Objective The traditional round incision or cross incision brain harvesting method can not meet the requirements of protecting the donor's remains. In this study, the method of brain removal through a posterior incision on the scalp of both ears was proposed, which effectively protected the donor's remains. Methods Adopting the incision 2. 0 cm above the external occipital protuberance to the most front edge of the auricle to obtain a complete brain. Results The incision did not involve the head and face skin, which was small and conducive to suture repair and reduce exudation. Conclusion The incision effectively protects the donor' s remains, and it will be conducive to the establishment and development of the brain bank.
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Objective To construct homozygous aquaporin 9(AQP-9)
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[Abstract] Objective To investigate the role of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in the treatment of ischemic stroke in rats, and to explore the effect of DHM on the expression of inflammasome. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was induced by endovascular suture method. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of DHM were investigated by Longa score, TTC staining, Nissl staining, immunohistochemical staining and Western bloting. Results After DHM treatment, the motor capacity of MCAO rats was significantly improved, the infarct volume was significantly reduced, the brain structure and neuron morphology were improved, and the expressions of nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-1(IL-1) decreased significantly. Conclusion DHM can down-regulate the expression of NLRP3 and thus reduces the cerebral infarction volume and improves neurobehavioral performance in MCAO rats.
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Bacterial surface glycans perform a diverse and important set of biological roles, and have been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. The majority of bacterial surface glycans are decorated with diverse rare functional groups, including amido, acetamidino, carboxamido and pyruvate groups. These functional groups are thought to be important constituents for the biological activities of glycans. Chemical synthesis of glycans bearing these functional groups or their variants is essential for the investigation of structure-activity relationships by a medicinal chemistry approach. To date, a broad choice of synthetic methods is available for targeting the different rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. This article reviews the structures of naturally occurring rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans, and the chemical methods used for installation of these groups.
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Humans , Bacterial Infections , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.
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Carbohydrates , Glycosides , Oligosaccharides , Oxidation-Reduction , Polysaccharides/chemistryABSTRACT
@#The aim of this paper was to investigate the absorption mechanism of silybin(SLB)in Caco-2 cells. Concentrations of samples in the study were determined by developing LC/MS/MS method of SLB, propranolol and atenolol in HBSS buffer to calculate apparent permeability coefficient(Papp). When Caco-2 cells were cultured to the 21st day, the TEER were above 350 Ω ·cm2. The Papp of Lucifer yellow was far less than 1 × 10-7 cm/s. As the positive control drugs, The Papp of atenolol and propranolol were similar to those reported in the literature, indicating that the Caco-2 monolayer model was successfully established in this experiment. The Papp(AP-BL) of SLB at 5, 20, and 50 μg/mL were all more than 2×10-6 cm/s, which showed that SLB was a moderately permeable drug. The efflux ratio was greater than 2 indicating the efflux transporter may be involved in the absorption process of SLB. The Papp of silybin-N-meglumine was similar to that of SLB, suggesting that salt formation did not alter the membrane permeability of SLB. In conclusion, the membrane permeability of SLB is good, and its solubility is low. SLB is a BCS class 2 drug. The release of SLB in the gastrointestinal tract is an important factor in its absorption process.
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U.rhynchophylla is an important herb in Chinese medical treasure with the functions of calming endogenous wind and arresting convulsion,clearing away heat and calming the liver,for the treatments of hypertension,epilepsy and convulsion,crying with fear in children.This paper retrieved and collated 3,304 items of application information in the invention patents over uncaria before July,2016.Data of the basic sciences were collected from Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) and those of situation analysis of patents from Patent Online Analysis System of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Year,region,patented technology,patentee and key technology were involved and analyzed in the system for profound investigation of the current situation and developing trend of invention patent application over uncaria.It was found that trace elements and chemical composition beneficial to human health were receiving favors from the market with rapt attention focusing on patent applications.However,there were still major limitations in the application and the patent quality needed improving.In conclusion,further development and the utilization of uncaria presented promising prospects.
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Background:A recent perspective European study has shown that Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium Organ Failure score(CLIF-C OFs)is an effective diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)in alcoholic or hepatitis C virus patients with acute decompensation(AD). Aims:To assess the efficacy of CLIF-C OFs for distinguishing ACLF in non-hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related chronic liver disease patients with AD. Methods:A total of 274 consecutive non-HBV-related chronic liver disease patients with AD from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2010 at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups:ACLF at admission,ACLF developed within 28-day and non-ACLF according to CLIF-C OFs criteria. Clinical and biochemistry characteristics,severity of the disease and 28-day and 90-day mortality data between ACLF and non-ACLF groups were analyzed. Results:Of the patients assessed,40 had ACLF at admission,27 had ACLF developed within 28-day,207 remained not having ACLF. Patients in ACLF group had higher TB,Cr,INR,ALT,AST,ALB,WBC,score of Child-Pugh,CTP,MELD,MELD-Na than non-ACLF patients(P 0. 05). TB level at admission and infection occurred within 28-day were the risk factors for developing ACLF(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:ACLF constitutes a more severe subgroup in non-HBV-related chronic liver disease patients with AD,and CLIF-C OFs could help to distinguish ACLF patients out from non-HBV-related chronic liver disease patients with AD.
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Objective To reveal the shear stress regulation mechanism on vWF-A1A2A3-mediated rolling of platelets in flows. Methods Platelets were perfused with various flow rates over 200 μg/mL vWF A1A2A3 in parallel-plate flow chamber. The rolling events of platelets near the bottom of chamber were observed and analyzed to obtain the rolling characteristics. Results The mean rolling velocity and time, stop frequency and fractional stop time of platelets were all found to be biphasic dependent on wall shear stress, with all the threshold/inflection points occurring under the fluid stress of 0.8 Pa. Increasing shear stress below the threshold would slow and stabilize cell rolling in flows. Conclusions Wall shear stress regulates velocity of A1A2A3-mediated cell rolling by adjusting the cell stop time, suggesting that a catch-to slip-bond transition serves as a mechanical regulation mechanism for platelet rolling through A1A2A3 GPIbα interaction in flows.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Shexiangbaoxin pills on the heart function of patients with chronic ischemia heart failure. Methods A total of 96 patients with documented stable chronic ischemia heart failure were evenly randomized into Shexiangbaoxin pill group (Shexiangbaoxin pill plus basic treatment) and placebo group (placebo plus basic treatment) for 24 weeks. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and 6 minute walk test (6 MWT) were compared before and after treatment in the two groups. Results In Shexiangbaoxin pill group, the LVEF was increased by 5.6% after 24 weeks of treatment (\[34.2±3.5\]% vs \[36.1±4.0\]%, P0.05). The above parameters were not significantly different in placebo group before and after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion Shexiangbaoxin pills plus basic treatment can effectively improve the left ventricular function in patients with chronic ischemia heart failure, and further study is needed to observe whether it can reverse left ventricular remodeling.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Familial left ventricular noncompaction(LVNC) is quite rare. We screened for the presence of LVNC and related clinical characteristics in a 5-generation Chinese family.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Comprehensive medical history was obtained from 40 members in a 5-generation Chinese family. Systemic clinical investigations including echocardiography (UCG), routine and ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG), X-rays were performed in 33 family members. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance image (MRI) was carried out in 2 family members.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sudden cardiac death (including 1 occurred while following-up) was reported in 7 family members (17.5%, 7/40). LVNC was diagnosed in 10 out of the 33 family members (30.3%) and heart enlargement was evidenced in 3, heart failure in 2, complete left branch conductive block in 3, serious sick sinus syndrome (SSS) treated with permanent pacemaker implantation in 1 and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia treated with radiofrequency ablation procedure in 1 out of these 10 LVNC patients. Primary pedigree analysis revealed that offspring from female patients were at the highest risk to be affected by LVNC (15/18, 83.3%) while LVNC was absent in offspring of male LVNC patients (0/8). Moreover, clinical heart failure symptoms and arrhythmias were more severe in female LVNC patients than in male LVNC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Primary familial investigation reveals the matrilineal inheritance of familial LVNC in this 5-generation Chinese family, further investigations are warranted to explore the potential mutations in the mitochondrial genome responsible for LVNC in this family.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People , Genetics , Cardiomyopathies , Epidemiology , Genetics , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Mutation , Pedigree , Ventricular Dysfunction, LeftABSTRACT
Obiective: To compare the tissue biocompatibility of domestically manufactured NiTi alloy before and after thermal surface oxidation under 3 different temperatures. Methods: Domestically manufactured NiTi alloy was oxidized in air (group A) and subjected to 30 min heat treatment at 400°C (group B),500°C, (group C),and 600°C (group D) to form different protective oxide surface layers in presence of argon (607.95 kPa). Wire samples from A, B, C and D groups were subcutaneously implanted in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs received 317L stainless steel transplantation(group E) and sham-operation group (F) were taken as control. The order of inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue hyperplasia around implanted materials were observed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. Results: The peak time of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were at the first and fourth week after implantation. The inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were both slight and all met the GB/T 16886. 6-1997 in vivo implantation standard. The order of inflammatory cell infiltration and thickness of capsule walls from low to high was F
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Objective: To investigate the endothelial function of chronic ischemia heart failure (CIHF) patients complicated with depression. Methods: The depression statuses were evaluated by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) in 56 patients with documented stable chronic ischemia heart failure. The patients were assigned to depression group (n = 20) or non-depression group(n = 36) based on their standard SDS scores. The flow-mediated dilation(FMD) of the brachial artery was assessed by ultrasound in the two groups, and the plasma ET-1 and NO levels were determined so as to evaluate the endothelial function. Results: The incidence of depression was 35.7% in the 56 patients. Patients in the depression group showed significantly lower FMD compared with the non-depression group([5.97±0.78]% vs [6.66±0.83]% , P<0.05). Plasma NO level ([48.90±9.82] μmol/L vs [55.13±10.32] μmol/L, P<0.05) was lower and ET-1 level ([83.35±13.39] ng/L vs [74.67±10.95] ng/L, P<0.05) was higher in the depression group than in the non-depression group. Conclusion: CIHF patients with depression have a more severe damage of endothelial function than those without depression.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical experience about surgical treatment of aortic dissection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 51 patients with aortic dissection admitted from December 2004 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 35 male and 16 female patients with a mean age of 55.7 years (ranged from 18 to 83-years-old). Twenty-seven patients of type I was performed under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selected cerebral perfusion with stent-graft which was implanted into the descending aorta through aorta arch. Five patients of type II was performed including Bentall operation in 3 patients, Wheat operation in 1 patient, ascending aorta replacement in 1 patient. Nineteen patients of type III was performed with stent-graft which was implanted into the descending aorta through aorta arch under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in type I patients was 250 to 290 min with an average of (274 +/- 53) min, and the arrest time was 40 to 59 min with an average of (53 +/- 14) min. CPB time of type II patients was 130 to 159 min with an average of (146 +/- 43) min, and the cross clamp time was 60 to 79 min with an average of (66 +/- 15) min. CPB time of type III patients was 240 to 280 min with an average of (260 +/- 28) min, and the arrest time was 20 to 27 min with an average of (24 +/- 3) min. The mean hemorrhage volume of the entire group was (500 +/- 250) ml. The mean ICU retention time was (5.0 +/- 1.5) d and the length of stay was (15.0 +/- 2.5) d. Three patients died during perioperative period. Two patients appeared cerebrovascular accident after operation. One patient appeared descending aorta dilation in the follow-up of 2 to 21 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different clinical manifestations and treatment should be selected according to the different condition of aortic dissection aneurysm.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Dissection , General Surgery , Aorta, Thoracic , General Surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic , General Surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , StentsABSTRACT
Topological description and matching are committed steps for three-dimensional reconstruction of vessel tree from two angiograms. Binary tree is proposed to describe the two-dimensional vessel tree. "Node Weight" and "Similar Node" are defined in order to get better description. Vessel segments in two images are matched by the preorder traversal of the binary trees, and the method is proved fast and accurate.
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Humans , Algorithms , Angiography , Methods , Computer Simulation , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Methods , Models, Biological , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Methods , Radiographic Image Enhancement , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the tissue biocompatibility of domestically manufactured NiTi alloy before and after thermal surface oxidation under 3 different temperatures.Methods:Domestically manufactured NiTi alloy was oxidized in air (group A)and subjected to 30 min heat treatment at 400℃(group B),500℃(group C),and 600℃(group D)to form different protective oxide surface layers in presence of argon(607.95 kPa).Wire samples from A,B,C and I3 groups were subcutaneously implanted in guinea pigs.Guinea pigs received 317L stainless steel transplantation(group E)and sham-operation group(F)were taken as control.The order of inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue hyperplasia around implanted materials were observed 1,2,4,and 8 weeks after implantation.Results:The peak time of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were at the first and fourth week after implantation.The inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were both slight and all met the GB/T 16886.6-1997 in vivo implantation standard.The order of inflammatory cell infiltration and thickness of capsule walls from low to high was F