ABSTRACT
Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes infection in domestic animal and humans,mainly parasitizing in cells and macrophages of hosts.Brucella can lead to abortion and sterility in animals.Meanwhile,it also causes arthralgia,weakness,undulat fever,hepatosplenomegaly and other symptoms in humans.Brucella relies on immune escape mechanism in the confrontation with the host.It can help Brucella "camouflage" to evade the identification of the immune system of the hosts and replicate within cells to persist to establish a long-term infection in the host.As a result of the existence of this mechanism,the treatment of Brucella infection is quite difficult.Type Ⅳ secretion system (T4SS) is a key virulence factor and it is essential for Brucella to survive in host cells.The effector proteins secreted by T4SS can help regulate the immune response against Brucella.In this article,we reviewed the studies on related proteins of the type Ⅳ secretion system of Brucella and its immune response,especially the relationship between the secretions of effector proteins mediated by VirB operon and immunity of the host.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A sample that comprised 652 6-year-old children from six different elementary schools (three represented the urban areas, and the other three represented the rural areas) were examined according to a baseline, with follow-up examinations at 1, 2, and 3 years. Eruption and caries experience were re- corded using World Health Organization criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rates of primary tooth caries of 6-year-old children in Sichuan Province for 3 years were 74.23% (484/652), 75.61% (493/652), and 81.90% (534/652). The filling rate of the primary teeth was 5.87% (145/2,471) in 2012, with significant differences (P < 0.01) between the urban areas [10.84% (133/ 1,227)] and rural areas [0.96% (12/1,244)]. The total pit and fissure rate of the first molar was 14.11% (92/652) in 2012, with significant differences between the two areas (P < 0.01) [rural: 0.66% (2/303); urban: 25.79% (90/349)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pre- valence of caries in the primary and permanent teeth of 6-year-old children was high. An increasing prevalence tendency was observed as the age increased. The prevalence of first molar caries indicated that prevention and control of dental caries should be performed as early as possible.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , China , DMF Index , Dental Caries , Dentition, Permanent , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Molar , Prevalence , Tooth Eruption , Tooth, DeciduousABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol ( Res ) on the expression of survivin, p27 protein in human renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells. Methods The cell cycle and apoptosis of 786-0 cells were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of survivin and p27 protein of 786-0 cells was detected by Western blotting at time point of 12, 24 and 48 h after human renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells were cultured with Res ( 25μmol·L-1 ) and blank medium, respectively. Results The ratio in G1 phase [(64.87±3.76)%] and G2 phase [(9.91±0.82)%] in the experimental group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the ratio of S phase [(25.05±3.12)%] increased significantly (P<0.05).The apoptosis rate of experimental group at 12, 24 and 48 h [(5.12±0.64)%, (5.71±0.49)%, (5.84±0.30)%] was significantly higher than that of the control group [ ( 0. 72 ± 0. 27 )%, ( 0. 93 ± 0. 25 )%, ( 1. 12 ± 0. 21 )%, P<0. 05 ] . The expression of survivin protein in experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0. 05 ) , and the expression was significantly increased with time prolonging (P<0.05).The expression of p27 protein in experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the expression level was significantly decreased in time-dependent manner (P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between the expression of survivin and p27 protein in the experimental group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Res could inhibit the expression of p27 protein and up-regulate survivin expression level, and promote the apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma 786-0 cells.
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Objective To implore the characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in human prostate cancer stem progenitor (S/P) cells isolated from LNCaP cell lines.Methods The S/P cells were obtained through florescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the S/P cells' EMT markers expression,such as E Cadherin,N Cadherin,Vimentin and Snail.Soft agar assay was used to detect the tumorigenesis ability of S/P cells.Cell migration assay was used to detect the migration ability of S/P cells.Results Compared with non S/P cells,the expressions of EMT markers,such as N Cadherin,Vimentin and Snail,were increased in S/P cells,while the expressions of epithelial marker and E Cadherin were decreased in S/P cells.After cultured for three weeks,S/P cells and non S/P cells both clonally grew.The colony numbers were (18.34±1.21) and (82.27±7.54),respectively (t =8.617,P =0.001).After cultured for 48 hours,the migration cells number was (25.33±5.13) in non S/P cells and (74.33±7.64) in S/P cells (t =7.953,P =O.001).Conclusions Human prostate cancer S/P cells isolated from LNCaP cell line have some characteristics of EMT,such as stronger tumorigenesis and migration ability,which could promote tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Objective To study the detection rate of early esophageal carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy,and to evaluate the relationship between the imaging patterns of microvasculature change and his- tological diagnosis.Methods Two hundred and fourteen patients with esophageal mucosa roughness,ero- sion,plaque,abnormal color and indentation in conventional endoscopy and 16 healthy volunteers were en- rolled.The magnifying endoscopy images were graded as four patterns by intraepithelial papillary capillary loop(IPCL)changes after iodine dyeing.The biopsies underwent pathologic evaluation.The comparison be- tween the imaging patterns of endoscopy and histological diagnosiswas was evaluated.Results 80.4%(90/ 112)esophagitis was type 2,and 85.7%(12/14)early esophageal carcinoma was type 3 and type 4.The difference was significant between early esophageal carcinoma and normal mueosa(?~2=27.32,P