A new pyrazine from Hypecoum erectum L / 药学学报

Four pyrazines were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Hypecoum erectum L. by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI gel, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as hyperectpyrazin A (1), 1′S-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-ethane-1′,2′-diol (2), 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrazin (3) and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.). The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by using the Mo2(OAc)4 induced CD analysis for the first time. Compound 1 was a new compound, compounds 2-4 were isolated from H. erectum for the first time. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their inhibition against acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide generation induced by lipopolysaccharide-RAW264.7 macrophage cells. At a concentration of 50 μmol·L-1, compounds 2 and 4 displayed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase with the inhibition rates of 44.40% and 43.99%, respectively.

Establishment of qRT-PCR for absolute quantitative detection of Chikungunya virus / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To develop a real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) method for qualitative and quantitative Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) analysis. Methods Based on the systematic analysis of the genomic sequences of Chikungunya and its related arboviruses, the specific nucleic acid sequences for Chikungunya virus were screened and identified, and then the primers and TaqMan probe were designed. Meanwhile, the human GAPDH gene was used as an internal reference. The reaction system for qRT-PCR was systematically optimized by L9(34) orthogonal design, and a rapid detection method for Chikungunya by qRT-PCR based on TaqMan probe methods was established. The sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and coverage of the established method were analyzed in detail. The standard curve was made, and the absolute quantitative method was established using the cloned nucleic acid fragments as positive samples. Results　A real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR assay was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Chikungunya virus. The reaction system included Chikungunya virus and reference internal gene specific primers and probe, RT/Taq enzyme mixture, reaction buffer, and negative and positive reference. The established method obtained positive results with the ROSS strain of ECSA subtype, LR2006 strain of IOL branch, 181/25 strain of Asian type and Dongguan 2010 epidemic strains of Chikungunya virus, but there was no cross-reaction with other 18 arboviruses belonging to Flaviviruses, Alphaviruses and Bunyavirus. The minimum detection limit of the established method was 5.80 copies/mL, and a linear relationship was observed between the amount of input plasmid DNA and fluorescence signal value over a range of 5.80×102 copies/mL to 5.80×1010 copies/mL, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 5. The qRT-PCR amplification efficiency was 91%, and the intra-assay variations and inter-assay variations were 0.01-0.07 and 0.03-0.11, respectively. Conclusions　The TaqMan qRT-PCR method developed in this study can qualitatively and quantitatively detect Chikungunya virus rapidly with specificity and sensitivity, providing a technical method for the prevention and control of this viral disease.

The correlation of sleep duration and insomnia with low muscle mass, strength and quality in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship of sleep duration and insomnia with muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in 2013-2014, logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of sleep duration, insomnia, and its duration with low muscle mass, handgrip strength, and muscle quality. Results: The average sleep duration of the study population was (7.4±1.5) hours. Morbidities of short sleep duration (<6 hours), long sleep duration (≥9 hours), and insomnia were 9.3%,17.4%,and 29.9%,respectively. Compared with those who slept for 7- hours, those who slept for ≥9 hours were more likely to have low muscle mass, low handgrip strength,and low arm muscle quality (AMQ), and the OR (95%CI) of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), low total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI), low grip strength and low AMQ were 1.32 (1.18-1.48),1.26 (1.13-1.41), 1.33 (1.18-1.49) and 1.16 (1.03-1.30), respectively. Compared with participants without insomnia, insomnia patients were more likely to have low muscle mass,and the longer the duration of insomnia,the higher the risk (P for trend <0.001). Participants who reported <6 hours sleep duration and insomnia had a higher proportion of low ASMI and low TSMI,compared with those who slept for 7- hours and without insomnia, the OR (95%CI) were 1.26 (1.08-1.47) and 1.25 (1.07-1.46), respectively. Conclusions: Participants who reported ≥9 hours sleep duration were more likely to have low muscle mass,low handgrip strength,and low AMQ. Participants with insomnia had lower muscle mass, and the longer the duration of insomnia, the higher the proportion of low ASMI and low TSMI.

Spicy food consumption and risk of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancers: a prospective cohort study of Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the association of spicy food consumption and risk of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (LOCPs) in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the baseline survey and long-term follow-up of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for associations between spicy food consumption and LOCPs incidence. Results: Of the 510 145 participants included at baseline, 30.1% reported daily spicy food consumption. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (2.0) years, we documented 767 LOCPs cases. Multivariate adjusted analyses showed that the risk of LOCPs incidence decreased with the frequency of spicy food intake (trend P=0.003), with HR of 0.69 (95%CI:0.54-0.88) for daily spicy food consumers, compared with never or occasional consumers. Participants who preferred moderate pungency degrees had the lowest risk of LOCPs, with a 33%[0.67(95%CI:0.52-0.87)] reduced risk compared to those who consumed spicy food less than once per week. The later the starting age, the lower the risk (trend P=0.004). Those who started eating spicy food after 18 years old had the lowest risk of LOCPs incidence, with adjusted HR (95%CI) of 0.70(0.54-0.92). Conclusions: Spicy food intake might be associated with a decreased risk of LOCPs incidence. Such association was independent of healthy lifestyles. Advocating moderate-pungency spicy food consumption and healthy lifestyles might help prevent LOCPs.

The correlation of physical activity and sedentary leisure time with low muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship of physical activity and sedentary leisure time with muscle mass, strength, and quality in Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the second resurvey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in 2013-2014, logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of physical activity and sedentary leisure time with low muscle mass, grip strength, and muscle quality. Results: A total of 24 245 participants were included in the analysis. The average daily physical activity level was (18.3±13.8) MET-h/d, and the sedentary leisure time was (4.4±1.9) hours. We took the lowest physical activity quartile as the reference and found that the participants' physical activity was negatively correlated to low muscle mass, strength, and quality. The ORs (95%CIs) of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), low total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI), low grip strength and low arm muscle quality (AMQ) were 0.68 (0.60-0.77), 0.66 (0.58-0.75), 0.82 (0.72-0.94) and 0.84 (0.74-0.95), respectively. The subtypes of physical activity, including those related to work, transportation, housework, and leisure, also showed negative correlations with low muscle mass, strength, and quality to varying degrees. Compared with participants with the shortest sedentary leisure time, those who had the longest were more likely to have low TSMI (OR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.99-1.30). Conclusions: Physical activity was negatively correlated with a lower risk of low muscle mass and strength, while longer sedentary leisure time positively correlated with low muscle mass.

Clinical research of plasma diafiltration in the treatment of severe liver failure / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To study the clinical effect of plasma diafiltration in severe liver failure.Methods:The clinical data of 64 patients with severe liver failure treated in Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The control group ( n=32) was treated with plasma exchange; The observation group ( n=32) was treated with plasma dialysis and filtration, and the clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. Results:The total effective rate of observation group was 96.88%(31/32), which was significantly higher than that of control group (78.13%, 25/32) ( P<0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in total bilirubin and direct bilirubin between the observation group and the control group (all P>0.05), but the alanine aminotransferase [(94.02±31.31)U/L] in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(160.79±53.55)U/L] ( P<0.05). After treatment, the serum creatinine [(87.80±10.7) μmol /L] and ammonia [(56.80±4.73)μmol/L] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(101.57±25.34)μmol/L, (101.87±10.34)μmol/L, all P<0.05]. The plasma consumption of observation group [(1 582.25±125.15)ml] was significantly less than that of control group [(2 262.50±208.29)ml] ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 3.13%(1/32), which was significantly lower than that in the control group [25.00%(8/32)], with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with plasma exchange, plasma dialysis and filtration in the treatment of severe liver failure can effectively improve the liver function of patients, with better clearance of small molecule toxins. Moreover, plasma dialysis and filtration has less amount of plasma use , higher safety, and better clinical application value.

A 3D hydrogel loaded with exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells promotes cartilage repair in rats by modulating immunological microenvironment / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy of GelMA hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes for repairing injured rat knee articular cartilage.@*METHODS@#The supernatant of cultured bone marrow stem cells was subjected to ultracentrifugation separate and extract the exosomes, which were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Western blotting of the surface markers. The changes in rheology and electron microscopic features of GelMA hydrogel were examined after loading the exosomes. We assessed exosome release from the hydrogel was detected by BCA protein detection method, and labeled the exosomes with PKH26 red fluorescent dye to observe their phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells. The effects of the exosomes alone, unloaded hydrogel, and exosome-loaded hydrogel on the polarization of RAW264.7 cells were detected by q-PCR and immunofluorescence assay. We further tested the effect of the exosome-loaded hydrogel on cartilage repair in a Transwell co-culture cell model of RAW264.7 cells and chondrocytes in a rat model of knee cartilage injury using q-PCR and immunofluorescence assay and HE and Masson staining.@*RESULTS@#GelMA hydrogel loaded with exosomes significantly promoted M2-type polarization of RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05). In the Transwell co-culture model, the exosome-loaded GelMA hydrogel significantly promoted the repair of injured chondrocytes by regulating RAW264.7 cell transformation from M1 to M2 (P < 0.05). HE and Masson staining showed that the exosome-loaded hydrogel obviously promoted cartilage repair in the rat models damage.@*CONCLUSION@#GelMA hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes can significantly promote the repair of cartilage damage in rats by improving the immune microenvironment.

Characteristics of Electroencephalogram Power Spectrum Network on Uninjured Side of Post-stroke Aphasia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To clarify the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum network of right hemisphere in patients with post-stroke aphasia (PSA) after left brain damaged. Methods:From December, 2018 to June, 2019, twelve PSA patients with left hemisphere injury were recruited and twelve healthy adults were matched as control group. China Rehabilitation Research Center aphasia examination (CRRCAE) was used to evaluated the linguistic function, and the EEG was collected. The functional connection characteristics of Alpha and Theta power spectrum were compared, and the correlation with language items was analyzed. Results:In PSA patients, the functional connection enhanced in Alpha and Theta frequency bands of central area, frontal, parietal and frontal-parietal joint areas, and decreased in Theta frequency bands of temporoparietal, parietal-occipital area, frontal, fronta-parietal and frontal central areas. The enhancement of alpha frequency functional connection from the right parietal occipital region to the central region was significantly correlated to the reduction of the expression ability (P < 0.05), while the weakening of theta frequency functional connection between the right parietal occipital region and the forehead and the center of the forehead was significantly correlated to the ability of speaking, reading, copying, dictation and calculation (r = -0.676~-0.717, P < 0.05). Conclusion:EEG power spectrum network can reflect the reorganization of right brain function network, and the change of right frontal parietal central network function connection may be closely related to PSA language injury and recovery.

Stimulation Mode and Model of Word-picture Language Task in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Test for Post-stroke Aphasia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

The cognitive neuroscience researches about post-stroke aphasia provide the interpretation of all aspects of linguistics. The word-picture research paradigm can be applied to assess different types of aphasia, in various ways of stimulation modes and models. It is more helpful combining functional magenetic resonance imaging to research the mechanism of brain damage and recovery objectively. The interactive application of language task and imaging has also become a new direction in the mechanism study of aphasia.

Functional Connectivities in Right Hemisphere for Post-stroke Aphasia: Based on Dual Stream Model / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the effect of right brain language network in post-stroke aphasia (PSA) patients with left hemisphere injury. Methods:From December, 2018 to June, 2019, twelve PSA patients with left hemisphere injury, and twelve matched healthy controls were recruited to accept rest-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (f-MRI) scan, and analyzed the characteristics of right brain function network with Dual Stream model. Results:There were two patients lost. Compared with the controls, for dorsolateral lingual pathway, the functional connections increased from superior marginal gyrus to middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus of trigone in the patients, while those decreased from posterior central gyrus to inferior frontal gyrus of insula. For ventral lingual pathway, the functional connection increased from angular gyrus to orbital inferior frontal gyrus. For ventral and dorsolateral double-pathway, the functional connections increased from temporal lobe to lenticular pallidum and angular gyrus, from caudate nucleus to inferior frontal gyrus of insula, from lenticular putamen nucleus to middle frontal gyrus and trigonometry, while it decreased from superior marginal gyrus and temporal lobe to inferior frontal gyrus of insula. There was a negative correlation between the functional connection from inferior frontal gyrus to lenticular putamen and repeating (r = -0.720, P < 0.05), between the functional connection from inferior frontal gyrus to the caudate nucleus to speaking and repeating (r < -0.696, P < 0.05). In terms of network index, there were significant differences between the patients and the controls in both local and global indexes for language key brain area in right brain (|t| > 2.143, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The functional network has reorganized in right hemisphere of PSA patients. However, the increase of connection between language critical cortex and subcortical nuclei may play a role in improvement of language function.

Research progress on the role and mechanism of Wnt signaling pathway in neuropathic pain / 药学学报

Neuropathic pain (NP), as a kind of chronic pain syndrome, seriously endangers the quality of life of patients, and the pathogenesis is complex, clinical treatment is limited, and it is easy to relapse. More and more reports have found that Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of neuropathic pain. Therefore, further study of the Wnt signaling pathway may provide useful ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of NP and discovering effective treatment methods. This article reviews the role and mechanism of Wnt signaling pathway in neuropathic pain.

Advance in Application of Electroencephalogram for Post-stroke Aphasia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Electroencephalogram (EEG) contains abundant physiological and pathological information. With the development of analysis, EEG can measure the neurodynamics at the sub-second level during impaired speech processing, providing a new perspective for revealing the occurrence, development and recovery mechanism of post-stroke aphasia. EEG plays an important role in the goal setting of rehabilitation for post-stroke aphasia, and serves as an evaluation of the efficacy for clinical rehabilitation.

Role of Working Memory in Lexical Access: An Event-related Potential Study Based on Word-picture Matchin Tasks / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the role of working memory in the process of language, and provide an objective evaluation for Chinese language rehabilitation.Methods From December, 2017 to June, 2018, 20 healthy subjects accepted word-picture matching tasks as the word and picture showed on the different (task 1) or same (task 2) screens, and their event-related potential of N400 were compared in matched and mismatched conditions.Results Forteen subjects were included finally. Task 1 induced N400 appeared earlier with higher amplitude and more activation in central parietal occipital region, followed larger N170 and P1 wave. There were significant differences in most cerebral regions between the two tasks in N400 amplitude difference of matched and mismatched conditions (t＞ 2.319, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Word-picture matching tasks may involve more language-related brain regions with the intervention of working memory, that might work better in process of vocabulary. The tasks simulating the scene of Chinese language rehabilitation can be used as an objective evaluation for clinical activities.

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol on postoperative analgesia and recovery in cesarean section / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol on postoperative an-algesia and recovery for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in parturients undergoing cesarean section. Methods Eighty-four parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly al-located into two groups. Control group: physiological saline infusion(0.5 μg/kg) after delivery and butorphanol (10 mg) in PCIA. Experimental group: dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) infusion after delivery and dexmedeto-midine (200 μg) with butorphanol (10 mg) in PCIA. Hemodynamic variables, the visual analogue score (VAS), the sedation score, side effects, the total pump-press number and additional analgesics cases were re-corded. The quality of recovery was evaluated by using a 40-item quality of recovery questionnaire(QoR-40) and a 9 questions fatigue score(FFS). Results Compared with control group,the VAS scores,the total pump-press number, the incidence of side effects and the FSS scores in experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition,the QoR-40 score at POD3 was significantly increased(P<0.05). Conclusions Dexmedeto-midine combined with butorphanol for PCIA after caesarean section decreases the consumption of butorphanol,pro-motes postoperative analgesia,alleviates fatigue,and improves postoperative recovery.

Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on Toll-like receptors of intesti-nal mucosa in mice / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Toll-like receptor in intestinal mucosal injury induced by Cryptospo-ridium parvum infection in mice.Methods Totally 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal control group,1-week infection group and 2-week infection group.The mice of the 1-week and 2-week infection groups were sacrificed 7 days and 14 days after the infection respectively,and the mice of the normal control group were sacrificed 14 days after the infection.The model of intestinal infection of C.parvum in mice was built by using the immunosuppressive method and oocyst intragastric ad-ministration.The pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa of mice were observed with a light microscope and the villus height,crypt depth and ratio of villus height/crypt depth were measured.The ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa of mice was observed by a transmission electron microscope(TEM).The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 in the intestinal mucosa were tested by qPCR and Western blotting.Results Under the light microscope,the intestinal villi were dropsical,obviously atrophied and shortened,and the submucosal structure was dropsical.The height of chorionic villi and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum of the 1-week and 2-week infection groups were significantly lower than those in the normal control group(all P<0.05),while the depth of the recess of the former two was significantly increased(all P<0.05).With the extension of the infection time,the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum of mice decreased significantly(both P<0.05),and the crypt depth increased significantly(P<0.01).The TEM observation showed that the structure of the oocyst of C.parvum in the jejunum of the infected mouse was intact,the villi around the oocyst were abscission seriously,and the oocyst wall was fused with the epithelial cell membrane.The qPCR observation showed that compared with the normal control group,the expressions of TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA in the intestinal mucosa of the 1-week and 2-week infection groups were significantly higher(all P<0.05).In addition,the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in the 2-week infection group were significantly higher than those in the 1-week infection group(both P<0.05).The Western blotting showed that the expres-sions of TLR2 protein and TLR4 protein in the intestinal mucosa of the 1-week and 2-week infection groups were significantly higher than those of the normal control group(all P<0.05).Furthermore,the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 protein in the 2-week infection group were significantly higher than those in the 1-week infection group(both P<0.05).Conclusions TLR2 and TLR4 are important receptors for intestinal mucosal recognition of C.parvum.The C.parvum infection may lead to intestinal mucosal damage possibly via the mechanisms associated with the up-regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expressions.

Effects of isoflurane on expression of GFAP and EAAT2 in neonatal rats brian / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of prolonged exposure to isoflurane on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT2) in cortex of frontal lobe and hippocampus of neonatal rats. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats at postnatal day 7 were randomly divided into isoflurane group and control group according to the random number table method (n=20). Isoflurane group were exposed to 1.1% isoflurane (equivalent to 0.5 MAC for neonatal rats) for 6 h, the others were exposed to the gas mixture of 30% of the oxygen and nitrogen for 6 h in the control group. Five neonatal rats were sacrificed 12, 24 h, 3 and 7 d after exposure in each group. The brain were frozen and sliced, brain sections were double-stained with GFAP and EAAT2 markers. The fluorescence intensity of GFAP and EAAT2 double-labeled immunofluorescence was quantified in cortex of frontal lobe and hippocampus at 12, 24 h, 3 and 7 d after exposure by the Image J programme. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the immunofluorescence intensity of GFAP in cortex of frontal lobe after exposure 12, 24 h in isoflurane group was significantly decreased(P < 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference after exposure 3, 7 d. The immunofluorescence intensity of GFAP in hippocampus after exposure 12, 24 h and 3 d in isoflurane group decreased compared with control group(P < 0.01), except 7 d after exposure. Double-labeled immunofluorescence showed lowered expression of GFAP and EAAT2 co-stained region in cortex of frontal lobe and hippocampus at 12, 24 h, 3 and 7 d after exposure in isoflurane group when compared with control group(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The 1.1% isoflurane prolonged exposure transiently reduces the expression of GFAP in the cortex and hippocampus, and delays the development of cytoskeleton. Whereas inhibiting the expression EAAT2 of astrocytes is prolonged, that may be one of the mechanisms for isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.

Progress in diagnosis and management of syncope in children / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Syncope is a common emergency of children and adolescents,which has serious influence on the quality of life.Neurally-mediated syncope,including postural tachycardia syndrome,vasovagal syncope,orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension,is the main cause of syncope in children and adolescents.The main manifestations of neurally-mediated syncope are diverse,such as dizziness,headache,chest tightness,chest pain,pale complexion,fatigue,pre-syncope and syncope.Although the clinical manifestations are similar,each subtype of syncope has its hemodynamic feature and optimal treatment option.The diagnosis rate of syncope in children has been greatly improved on account of the development of the diagnostic procedures and methods.In recent years,with the promotion of head-up tilt test and drug-provocated head-up tilt test,the hemodynamic classification of neurally-mediated syncope gets continually refined.In recent years,with the effort of clinicians,an appropriate diagnostic protocol for children with syncope has been established.The initial evaluation consists of history taking,physical examination,standing test and standard electrocardiography.After the initial evaluation,some patients could be diagnosed definitely,such as postural tachycardia syndrome,orthostatic hypotension,and situational syncope.Those with a specific entity causing syncope need selective clinical and laboratory investigations.Patients for whom the cause of syncope remained undetermined should undergo head-up tilt test.The precise pathogenesis of neurally-mediated syncope is not entirely clear.In recent years,studies have shown that neurally-mediated syncope may be related to several factors,including hypovolemia,high catecholamine status,abnormal local vascular tension,decreased skeletal muscle pump activity and abnormal neurohumoral factors.Currently based on the possible pathogenesis,the individualized treatment of neurally-mediated syncope has also been studied in-depth.Generally,the management of neurallymediated syncope includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.Patient education is the fundamental part above all.In addition to exercise training,the first-line treatments mainly include oral rehydration salts,beta adrenoreceptor blockers,and alpha adrenoreceptor agonists.By analyzing the patient's physiological indexes and biomarkers before treatment,the efficacy of medication could be well predicted.The individualized treatment will become the main direction in the future researches.

Studies on flavonoids from Cirsium setosum / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate from Cirsium setosum, fifteen flavonoids were obtained by column chromatography on silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified as 4',5,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone(1), 4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone(2), sorbifolin-6-O-β-glucopyranoside(3), kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside(4), kaempferol(5), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside(6), myricetin(7), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(8), 5,7- dihydroxy -3',4'- dimethoxyflavone(9), 3',4',5- trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone(10), 3',3,4',5-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone(11), 3'-hydroxy-4',5,7-trimethoxyflavone(12), 7-hydroxy-3',4',5-trimethoxyflavone(13), 4',5-dihydroxy-2',3',7,8-tetramethoxylflavone(14), and 5-hydroxy-2',3',7,8-tetramethoxylflavone(15) by spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds(1-15) were evaluated for their hypoglycemic activities by PTP1B enzyme model. Among them, compounds 2, 12, and 14 showed significant PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 2.54, 1.85, 2.11 μmol•L⁻¹, respectively.

A case of Legionella pneumonia with multiple organ failure / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Legionella pneumonia (LP) is a rare systemic infectious disease, which is often misdiagnosed by clinicians due to the atypical symptoms. A middle-aged man who suffered from fever and dyspnea was diagnosed as community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Changsha Central Hospital in March 2015. The treatment was unsatisfied firstly. The patients showed further symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, acute liver and renal failure, and impaired neural functions, who was diagnosed as LP with multiple organ failure based on a positive test for Legionella antibody. The patient was recovered after treated with moxifloxacin combined with azithromycin and continuous renal replacement therapy. LP should be paid attention when patient was diagnosed as CAP and failed to be treated. The satisfied outcome is achieved after application of macrolide, quinolones and comprehensive treatments.

Medical image segmentation based on guided filtering and multi-atlas / 南方医科大学学报

A novel medical automatic image segmentation strategy based on guided filtering and multi-atlas is proposed to achieve accurate, smooth, robust, and reliable segmentation. This framework consists of 4 elements: the multi-atlas registration, which uses the atlas prior information; the label fusion, in which the similarity measure of the registration is used as the weight to fuse the warped label; the guided filtering, which uses the local information of the target image to correct the registration errors; and the threshold approaches used to obtain the segment result. The experimental results showed part among the 15 brain MRI images used to segment the hippocampus region, the proposed method achieved a median Dice coefficient of 86% on the left hippocampus and 87.4% on the right hippocampus. Compared with the traditional label fusion algorithm, the proposed algorithm outperforms the common brain image segmentation methods with a good efficiency and accuracy.