Doublecortin-like kinase 1 activates Hippo pathway to promote migration, invasion and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in promoting cell migration, invasion and proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The correlation between DCLK1 and Hippo pathway was analyzed using TCGA and GTEx databases and confirmed by fluorescence staining of pancreatic cancer tissue microarrays. At the cellular level, immunofluorescence staining of cell crawls and western blot assays were performed to clarify whether DCLK1 regulates yes associated protein1 (YAP1), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the expressions of YAP1 binding transcription factor TEA-DNA binding proteins (TEAD) and downstream malignant behavior-promoting molecules CYR61, EDN1, AREG, and CTGF. Transwell test of the DCLK1-overexpressing cells treated with the Hippo pathway inhibitor Verteporfin was used to examine whether the malignant behavior-promoting ability was blocked. Analysis of changes in the proliferation index of experimental cells used real-time label-free cells. Results: TCGA combined with GTEx data analysis showed that the expressions of DCLK1 and YAP1 molecules in pancreatic cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, DCLK1was positively correlated with the expressions of many effectors in the Hippo pathway, including LATS1 (r=0.53, P<0.001), LATS2 (r=0.34, P<0.001), MOB1B (r=0.40, P<0.001). In addition, the tissue microarray of pancreatic cancer patients was stained with multicolor fluorescence, indicated that the high expression of DCLK1 in pancreatic cancer patients was accompanied by the up-regulated expression of YAP1. The expression of DCLK1 in pancreatic cancer cell lines was analyzed by the CCLE database. The results showed that the expression of DCLK1 in AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells was low. Thus, we overexpressed DCLK1 in AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cell lines and found that DCLK1 overexpression in pancreatic cancer cell lines promoted YAP1 expression and accessible to the nucleus. In addition, DCLK1 up-regulated the expression of YAP1 binding transcription factor TEAD and increased the mRNA expression levels of downstream malignant behavior-promoting molecules. Finally, Verteporfin, an inhibitor of the Hippo pathway, could antagonize the cell's malignant behavior-promoting ability mediated by high expression of DCLK1. We found that the number of migrated cells with DCLK1 overexpressing AsPC-1 group was 68.33±7.09, which was significantly higher than 22.00±4.58 of DCLK1 overexpressing cells treated with Verteporfin (P<0.05). Similarly, the migration number of PANC-1 cells overexpressing DCLK1 was 65.66±8.73, which was significantly higher than 37.00±6.00 of the control group and 32.33±9.61 of Hippo pathway inhibitor-treated group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the number of invasive cells in the DCLK1-overexpressed group was significantly higher than that in the DCLK1 wild-type group cells, while the Verteporfin-treated DCLK1-overexpressed cells showed a significant decrease. In addition, we monitored the cell proliferation index using the real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) assay, and the proliferation index of DCLK1-overexpressed AsPC-1 cells was 0.66±0.04, which was significantly higher than 0.38±0.01 of DCLK1 wild-type AsPC-1 cells (P<0.05) as well as 0.05±0.03 of DCLK1-overexpressed AsPC1 cells treated with Verteporfin (P<0.05). PANC-1 cells showed the same pattern, with a proliferation index of 0.77±0.04 for DCLK1-overexpressed PANC-1 cells, significantly higher than DCLK1-overexpressed PANC1 cells after Verteporfin treatment (0.14±0.05, P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of DCLK1 is remarkably associated with the Hippo pathway, it promotes the migration, invasion, and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by activating the Hippo pathway.

Progress in magnetic resonance imaging study of anhedonia and suicidal behavior in depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Many studies have found a correlation between suicidal behavior (SB) and anhedonia, the main symptom of depression, in terms of both psychological and neurophysiological findings. The purpose of this review is to find the relationship between the two neuroimaging mechanisms, and to provide help for the future study of how the brain imaging changes can promote the mechanism of SB in depression patients with anhedonia symptoms. This review also emphasizes the necessity of intervention for the symptoms of anhedonia when preventing depression from committing suicide. The latest research results were reviewed about anhedonia in depression and magnetic resonance imaging of SB.The results showed that the default network, insula, lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, ventral striatum gyrus, ventral lateral and dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus, thalamus and habenula nucleus were dysfunction in depression with state anhedonia symptoms, affecting SB in terms of mood, execution, reward and aversion processing, especially the low lethal SB.

An epidemiological investigation on vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus in a case with acute flaccid paralysis in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Abstract@#Vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus type Ⅲ was detected in an acute flaccid paralysis infant at age of 6 months in Zhejiang Province in June, 2021, and the isolated and incubated virus had six nucleotide variations in the VP1 region as compared to the poliovirus Sabin vaccine strain. The infant had a history of three-dose poliovirus vaccination, and grade 2 muscle strength of the left upper limb upon onset. He was clinically diagnosed with cellulitis of the left shoulder, and recovered to normal following treatment. No abnormality was detected in the nervous system, and the infant was cured and discharged from hospital. No vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus was detected in subsequent infant' clinical samples or in close contacts, and no similar cases were identified during the active case detection by county/district medical institutions and among community populations. Since the infant did not present poliomyelitis-related clinical symptoms caused by vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus, poliomyelitis was excluded. The vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus was not spread because of timely identification and effective responses, suggesting the urgent need to maintain the sensitivity of the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system and improve the coverage of poliovirus vaccination, so as to inhibit the transmission of poliovirus.

Willingness to receive measles-containing vaccine among healthcare workers / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the willingness to receive measles-containing vaccine (MCV) and its influencing factors among healthcare workers in the Yangtze River Delta region, so as to provide the evidence for improving the measles-containing vaccination rate@*Methods@#Healthcare workers were sampled from 19 medical institutions in each of Shanghai Municipality, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province for questionnaire surveys using a multi-stage stratified convenience sampling methods from July 2020 to March 2021. Participants' gender, age, educational level, professional title, measles-containing vaccination, awareness of MCV and willingness to receive MCV were collected, and the factors affecting the willingness to receive MCV were identified among healthcare workers using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 1 403 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 394 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.36%. The respondents included 327 men and 1 067 women, with a male to female ratio of 1∶3.26, and 64.35% (897) were at ages of 31 to 50 years. There were 1 005 respondents with a bachelor degree (72.09%), 765 with middle and senior professional titles (54.88%), 676 with a history of measles-containing vaccination (48.49%), 1 176 with willingness to receive MCV (84.36%) and 218 without willingness to receive MCV due to convenience of vaccination (30.73%) and cost (19.27%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that region (Zhejiang, OR=1.613, 95%CI: 1.054-2.470; Anhui, OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.259-3.363), and no history of measles (OR=2.219, 95%CI: 1.302-3.781) were factors improving the willingness to receive MCV among healthcare workers, and hospital level (secondary, OR=0.483, 95%CI: 0.306-0.763; tertiary, OR=0.251, 95%CI: 0.160-0.394), history of measles-containing vaccination (no, OR=0.262, 95%CI: 0.172-0.399; unknown, OR=0.386, 95%CI: 0.266-0.559), and unawareness of MCV knowledge (OR=0.208, 95%CI: 0.081-0.536) were factors inhibiting the willingness to receive MCV among healthcare workers.@*Conclusions@#The willingness to receive MCV correlates with region, history of measles, hospital level, history of measles-containing vaccination and awareness of MCV knowledge among healthcare workers in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Evaluating the real-world vaccine effectiveness using a regression discontinuity design / 中华流行病学杂志

Estimating the actual real-world effectiveness of the vaccine is an essential part of the post-marketing evaluation. This regression discontinuity design (RDD) using observational data is designed to quantify the effect of an intervention when eligibility for the intervention is based on a defined cutoff as age, making it suited to estimate vaccine effects. This approach can avoid the high cost and ethical issues; overcome difficulties in the organization and practice process in randomized controlled trials, which leads to a higher level of causal inference evidence and more realistic results. Here, we describe key features of RDD in general, and then specific scenarios, with examples, to illustrate that RDD are an essential tool for advancing our understanding of vaccine effects.

Advances in research of interchangeable immunization with live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccines and inactivated vaccines / 中华预防医学杂志

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in Asia and the Western Pacific, which mainly invades central nervous system. Vaccination is the most important strategy to prevent JE. Currently, both live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccines (JE-L) and inactivated vaccines (JE-I) are in use. Due to the supply of vaccines and the personal choice of recipients, there will be a demand for interchangeable immunization of these two vaccines. However, relevant research is limited. By reviewing domestic and foreign research evidence, this article summarizes the current situation of the interchangeable use of JE-L and JE-I, and makes recommendations when the interchangeable immunization is in urgent need, so as to provide reference for practical vaccination and policymaking in China.

Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019. Methods: The data of hepatitis A incidence in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the infectious disease surveillance system of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. ArcGIS 10.7 software was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis. SaTScan 9.6 software was used for spatiotemporal scanning analysis. SPSS 25.0 software was used for additional analysis. Results: Zhejiang Province has reported 5 465 cases of hepatitis A in 2010-2019 years, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.00/100 000, and periodicity and seasonality are not obvious. The incidence of male was higher than that of female (P=0.023), and the highest incidence rate was 50-59 years old. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a positive spatial correlation between the incidence of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2017, with the weakest correlation in 2010 (Moran's I =0.103, Z=1.769, P=0.049), and the strongest correlation in 2016 (Moran's I=0.328, Z=4.979, P=0.001). Spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that there was spatial aggregation of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2019, with a total of three aggregation areas identified. Among them, the mostly aggregation area was concentrated in Xiangshan county of Ningbo city, which covered 10 counties (cities and districts), including Ninghai county and Yinzhou district, and appeared from January 1 to June 30, 2012. Conclusion: The incidence level of hepatitis A in Zhejiang Province shows a stable fluctuation trend from 2010 to 2019, and the seasonal regularity is not obvious. The population group aged 50-59 years old is the key population. There is spatial aggregation in the epidemic situation of hepatitis A. Targeted prevention and control measures of hepatitis A should be done based on the law of spatiotemporal aggregation and local incidence.

The difference of gray matter volume and its correlation with clinical characteristics in patients with anxious depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the difference of gray matter volume between anxious depression(AD)and non anxious depression(NAD) patients, and its correlation with clinical characteristics.Methods:One hundred and fifty patients with depression were included from September 2014 to October 2018, meanwhile 62 healthy controls with matching demographic characteristic were recruited. The severity of the patients was assessed by Hamilton depression scale-17(HAMD-17). Patients were divided into anxious depression group(AD group, n=80)and non-anxious depression group (NAD group, n=70) according to whether anxiety/somatization factor scored 7. All subjects were scanned with 3.0 T underwent structural MRI scan. The structural magnetic resonance data were preprocessed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The rest toolkit was used to calculate the difference of gray matter volume among the three groups. By SPSS 19.0, post-hoc t test was used for pairwise comparison and Pearson correlation analysis was performed between gray matter volume and clinical factors in patients with anxious depression. Results:Compared to the NAD group, the gray matter volume of the right middle frontal gyrus(MNI: x=28.5, y=21.0, z=48.0, t=-4.83, Bonferroni multiple comparison adjustment, P<0.05/3) and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus(MNI: x=-18.0, y=27.0, z=43.5, t=-6.08, Bonferroni multiple comparison correction, P<0.05/3)were significantly decreased in AD group. Correlation analysis found that the gray matter volume of the right middle frontal gyrus in patients with anxious depression was negatively correlated with the insight of anxiety/somatization factor score ( r=-0.36, P=0.001). Conclusion:The volume of prefrontal lobe in patients with anxiety depression is lower than that in patients with non anxiety depression, which may be related to the serious clinical symptoms in patients with anxiety depression.The decrease of right middle frontal gyrus volume can be used as a potential biological marker for the severity of impaired insight.

The timed up and go test for fall risk prediction in older adults: the latest advances / 中华老年医学杂志

Balance impairment significantly correlates with falls in the elderly.The timed up and go test(TUGT)is a common and simple assessment tool to evaluate balance and gait function and widely used to screen for the risk of falls in the elderly.In this review, we explore the following issues on TUGT: the development, the association with computerized dynamic posturography, and the validity and reference value for fall risk prediction.This may further improve the applicability and prediction accuracy of the screening tool for falls in the elderly.

Experimental study of miR-26a regulating CTGF expression in radiation-induced heart disease / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-26a in radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) mice.Methods:C57/BL6 mice were used to establish RIHD models. The cardiac function, fibrosis, the expression levels of collagen 1 (COL1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and miR-26a were detected in RIHD mice. Whether CTGF was the target gene of miR-26a was verified by dual luciferase kit. Moreover, cardiac fibroblasts were transfected with miR-26a up and miR-26a down lentivirus vectors to construct the miR-26a overexpression and underexpression cell models. The expression of CTGF, proliferation, and apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts were detected.Results:In the RIHD mice, heart function was decreased, myocardial fibrosis was remodeled, the expression levels of COL1 and CTGF were up-regulated, and the expression level of miR-26a was down-regulated. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that CTGF was the target gene regulated by miR-26a. Overexpression of miR-26a could inhibit the expression of CTGF, suppress the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, promote cell apoptosis and secrete collagen. Underexpression of miR-26a yielded the opposite results.Conclusion:MiR-26a affects the function of cardiac fibroblasts by targeting CTGF and probably mediates the process of radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis, which may become a new regulatory target of RIHD.

Construction of a path for optimizing the health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women based on a Delphi method / 预防医学

Objective@#To establish an optimized path for health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women based on a Delphi method, so as to provide the evidence for intensifying the interruption of the mother-to-child transmission of HBV.@*Methods@#Based on literature review and previous studies, the preliminary framework and contents of the optimized path for health management of HBV infections were constructed. Experts from epidemiology, clinical medicine and maternal and children healthcare were invited to participate in two-round Delphi consultations, and the preliminarily designed indicators were screened and revised. The score for feasibility of each indicator was calculated, and the weight of each indicator was estimated using a proportional distribution method.@*Results@#Sixteen experts participated in the consultation, including 13 women. The participants had a mean age of (45.69±5.71) years, and a mean employment duration of (23.06±7.05) years. All participants had a degree of bachelor and above, and there were 14 experts with vice senior professional titles. The mean positive coefficient was 96.88% and the mean authority coefficient was 0.790 during the two-round expert consultations. There were significant differences in the coordination coefficient of importance, necessity and feasibility of indicators at all levels (P<0.05), and the coefficient of variation of the feasibility was all less than 0.250. The final optimized path for health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women included 6 primary indicators, 17 secondary indictors and 73 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, delivery management (0.173 4), screening and evaluation (0.172 8) and pregnancy management (0.172 7) had a high weight.@*Conclusion@#A scientific and reliable optimized path is created for health management of HBV infections among pregnant and lying-in women, which has a potential value for improving the interruption of mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Serum anti-measles antibody levels among residents in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the serum levels of anti-measles antibody among residents in Zhejiang Province in 2018, so as to provide insights into measles control.@*Methods@#Permanent residents aged 0 to 59 years were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method in Zhejiang Province in 2018, and subjects' demographic features, medical history of measles and history of immunization with measles-containing vaccine (MCV) were collected using a questionnaire survey. The serum level of anti-measles IgG antibody was detected, and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-measles IgG antibody was estimated. The seroprevalence, protective rate and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody were compared among residents at different age groups and regions.@*Results@#A total of 4 189 residents were enrolled, including 1 939 males and 2 250 females, with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.16. There were 3 858 residents positive for anti-measles IgG antibody, with seroprevalence of 92.10%, and there were 2 072 residents with protective antibodies against measles, with a protective rate of 49.46%. The median GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody was 798.33 (interquartile range, 1 024.06) mIU/mL, and the protective rate of anti-measles IgG antibody appeared a tendency towards a decline with age ( χ2trend=18.067, P<0.001 ). There were significant differences in the seroprevalence ( χ2=45.090, P<0.001 ), protective rate ( χ2=57.432, P<0.001 ) and GMC of anti-measles IgG antibody (χ2=88.624, P<0.001 ) among residents at different regions, with the lowest seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG antibody in Ningbo City ( 85.19% ), the lowest antibody-protective rate (38.98%) and the lowest GMC [632.89 ( 909.04 ) mIU/mL] in Zhoushan City, the highest seroprevalence ( 95.16% ), antibody-protective rate (58.48%) and GMC [1 035.84 ( 1 301.77 ) mIU/mL] in Huzhou City.@*Conclusions@# The protective rate of anti-measles antibody was low and appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents in Zhejiang Province in 2018. There was a region-specific serum level of anti-measles antibody in Zhejiang Province in 2018.

Systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging of non-suicidal self-injury / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Non-suicidal self-injury is common in adolescents. At present, the pathological mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury is still unclear, and there is a lack of objective biological markers in diagnosis and treatment, which is an urgent problem to be solved in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The magnetic resonance imaging is an important technique to explore the imaging mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury. The purpose of this review is to systematic evaluation of the latest research results of magnetic resonance imaging of non-suicidal self-injury. It was found that non-suicidal self-injury in people without other mental disorders showed abnormal damage in the orbitofrontal, the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, the medial prefrontal lobe, the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe, the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the insular, the corpus callosum, the thalamus, the putamen, the dorsal striatum, the cuneate prefrontal lobe and the right temporal lobe. These areas are the core areas related to emotional processing, decision-making, cognition and movement. Non-suicidal self-injury with other mental disorders such as borderline personality disorder and depression may be affected by underlying diseases and exhibit different damage patterns, which showing abnormal brain regions related to emotional network, decision-making, social cognition and exercise.The results of this review can be helpful for the future study of the magnetic resonance imaging mechanism of non-suicidal self-injury.

Role of miR-133a in radiation-induced cardiac injury in mice / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the regulatory role of microRNA in radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) in mice and provide a new strategy for its treatment.Methods:Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE147241), which includes normal heart tissue and irradiation heart tissue, we conducted bioinformatics research and analysis to determine the differentially-expressed genes. Then, thirty male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, irradiation group and miR-133a overexpression intervention group. The heart received single dose of X-ray 20 Gy in the irradiation group and miR-133a overexpression intervention group, but not in the control group, and then fed for 16 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson staining. The expression levels of miR-133a, CTGF, COL-1 and COL-3 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of CTGF, COL-1 and COL-3 proteins were detected by western blot.Results:miR-133a was the differentially-expressed gene between the irradiation and control groups. Overexpression of miR-133a could mitigate the decrease in cardiac function and increase in myocardial collagen content ( P<0.01). Meantime, overexpression of miR-133a could down-regulate the expression levels of CTGF, COL-1, COL-3 mRNA and protein ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Radiation increases the synthesis of collagen and leads to myocardial fibrosis remodeling. Overexpression of miR-133a can alleviate the radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis.

Clinical features of patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting de Winter pattern on electrocardiogram / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To analysis the clinical features of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presenting de Winter pattern on electrocardiogram.Methods:A total of 1 287 patients with AMI admitted to Beijing Luhe Hospital between June 2017 and January 2019 were enrolled in the study. Electrocardiogram and clinical features of 13 patients with AMI presenting de Winter pattern on electrocardiogram were analyzed and compared with anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI, n=206). Results:Among the 13 patients, 12 were males, aged (52.23±12.55) years old. Compared to patients with anterior wall STEMI, the age in the de Winter group was younger [(52.23±12.55)years vs. (59.79±12.46)years; t=-2.12, P=0.03], and the time from onset to appearing a typical ECG was shorter [109.0 (71.5, 152.0)min vs. 200.5 (120.0, 397.5)min; Z=-3.38, P<0.01]. Three cases showed a shifting between de Winter pattern and typical STEMI ECG: the de Winter ECG pattern progressed to STEMI in 2 cases, 1 case changed from STEMI to de Winter,then converted to STEMI again. The emergency angiography was performed in all 13 patients, angiography showed that proximal left anterior descending branch (LAD) was involved in 11 cases, mid LAD was involved in 1 case, and diffuse spasm occurred in all vessels in 1 case. The de Winter ECG pattern vanished in all patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention or emergency angiography. Conclusions:The de Winter ECG pattern suggests an acute proximal or mid LAD artery occlusion, and the de Winter ECG pattern can be alternated with STEMI. The de Winter pattern should be recognized and revascularization should be given early.

Mechanism of mental dependence of propofol in rats: adenosine A2A receptor-neurotransmitter-ERK pathway / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the mechanism of mental dependence of propofol and adenosine A2A receptor-neurotransmitter-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in rats.Methods:Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged about 7 weeks, weighing 200-300 g, were used in this study.The model of propofol dependence was established by intraperitoneal injection of propofol 40 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days.The rats were divided into 6 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: central control group (group c-C), central agonist group (group c-CGS), central antagonist group (group c-DMPX), peripheral control group (group p-C), peripheral agonist group (group p-CGS) and peripheral antagonist group (group p-DMPX). Adenosine A2A agonist CGS-21680 2.5 ng/0.5 μl was intracranially injected immediately after establishing the model in group c-CGS, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in c-C group.CGS-21680 0.1 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group p-CGS, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group p-C.Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist DMPX 50 ng/0.5 μl was intracranially injected at 20 min before each propofol injection in group c-DMPX, and DMPX 0.25 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group p-DMPX.The position preference value (CPP value) was determined before establishing the model, immediately after establishing the model, and after administration of agonist or normal saline (after intervention). The animals were sacrificed at 1 day after establishing the model, and blood samples and brain tissues were obtained for determination of the levels of dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) in plasma and hippocampus and content of serotonin (5-HT) in cerebral cortex (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in cerebral cortex (by Western blot). Results:Compared with the baseline before establishing the model, CPP value was increased immediately after establishing the model in c-C, c-CGS, p-C and p-CGS groups ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in CPP value immediately after establishing the model in c-DMPX and p-DMPX groups ( P>0.05). Compared with the value immediately after establishing the model, no significant change was found in CPP value after intervention in c-C and p-C groups ( P>0.05), and CPP value was increased after intervention in c-CGS and p-CGS groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group c-C, the contents of hippocampal DA and Glu were significantly increased in group c-CGS, and the contents of hippocampal Glu were decreased, the content of 5-HT in cerebral cortex was increased, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in group c-DMPX ( P<0.05). Compared with group p-C, no significant change was found in levels of DA and glutamate (Glu) in plasma and hippocampus and 5-HT and p-ERK1/2 in cerebral cortex in group p-CGS ( P>0.05), and the contents of hippocampal DA and Glu were significantly decreased, the content of 5-HT in cerebral cortex was increased, and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was down-regulated in group p-DMPX ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism underlying the development of propofol mental dependence may be related to activating adenosine A2A receptors, increasing excitatory neurotransmitters in brain, and thus up-regulating ERK activity in rats.

Analysis on the old and new Administrative Measures for the Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Diseases / 中国职业医学

As occupational health work enters a new era, the diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases, that are closely related to the protection of workers′ health rights, require higher and newer standards. In 2021, the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China revised and issued the Administrative Measures for the Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Diseases to improve and perfect the original diagnosis and verification system of occupational diseases. These measures clarify the time limit for diagnosis of occupational diseases and shorten the time limit for identification of occupational diseases; and strengthen the main responsibility of the employer. This new system design is more operable. It embodies the management idea of Streamline administration, delegate power, combine decentralization, and optimize services. The language expression is more accurate and standardized. The revision of the Administrative Measures for Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Disease is conducive to improving the efficiency of occupational disease diagnosis and protecting the rights and interests of workers. It is conducive to strengthening the supervision and management of occupational disease diagnosis institutions and occupational disease verification offices by administrative supervision and management departments. It is conducive to strengthening the responsibilities of employers. However, there are some problems: Article No. 28 sets up obstacles to the realization of legal value, which does not clearly stipulate the concept of new evidence. The effective time of this regulation has caused difficulties for occupational disease diagnosis institutions and occupational disease verification offices. It is recommended that this regulation can be further improved in the future revisions.

Main non-state actors and progress of actions in global malaria elimination programme: a review / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

With the joint efforts of countries and global non-state actors, great achievements have been made in the global malaria control programme; however, malaria remains a serious threat to human health. As the global leader for combating malaria, WHO formulated The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030, and the Global Malaria Programme, under the leadership of WHO, is responsible for implementing 5 key projects to achieve the goal proposed in The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030. In addition, the Global Fund, the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation also play an important role in global malaria elimination programme. This review describes the currently main non-state actors participating in the global malaria elimination programme, and calls for the enhanced inter-actor coordination and close collaboration with state governments to achieve the great goal of malaria elimination in the world.

Experimental study of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and cardiac MRI in diagnosis of radiation-induced myocardial injury in Beagle dogs / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging and cardiac MRI (CMR) in the diagnosis of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) in Beagle models.Methods Twenty-four normal male Beagle dogs (1-year old) were randomly divided into control group and irradiated groups (3-month,6-month and 12-month after radiation).The left anterior myocardium of Beagle dogs in irradiated groups was irradiated locally with a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray.Cardiac 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and CMR were performed on all dogs,and the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and the area of lesions with increased 18F-FDG uptake were obtained.After imaging examinations were finished,dogs were sacrificed and their hearts were taken out to perform Masson staining and electron microcopy.Oneway analysis of variance was used for data analysis.Results There was basically no uptake in myocardium in control group.The myocardium showed increased uptake of 18F-FDG in the irradiated groups.The SUV of myocardium in 3-month,6-month and 12-month after radiation groups and control group were 5.90± 1.31,4.66±2.21,3.21±0.82 and 1.13±0.21,respectively (F=11.81,P＜0.05).The area with increased 18F-FDG uptake in the irradiated groups decreased progressively with the prolongation of irradiation time (F =195.74,P＜0.01).The reduction in myocardial perfusion and myocardial fibrosis were observed by CMR early at 6-month after irradiation.Compared with the control group,the 6-month and 12-month after radiation groups had increased end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV;F =15.479 and 16.908,both P＜0.01),and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF;F=63.715,P＜0.01).The progressive aggravation of myocardial fibrosis was displayed in irradiated groups by Masson staining.The mitochondria degeneration,swelling and the count reduction in irradiated groups were observed by electron microscopy.Conclusions The increased 18F-FDG uptake in the irradiated myocardium may predict the risk of RIHD.18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can detect RIHD earlier than CMR.

Establishment of C57BL/6 mouse models with radiation-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To establish the C57BL/6 mouse models of radiation-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction.Methods:Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control and irradiation groups. Mice in the irradiation group were irradiated with 20 Gy electron beam and bred for 6 months after irradiation. Cardiac function was assessed using ultrasonography. The partial pressure of oxygen was detected by blood gas analysis. Cell apoptosis was observed by Tunel assay. Myocardial and pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining.Results:The LVEF in the irradiation group was (68.60±10.92)%, significantly less compared with (81.75±8.79)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). The apoptotic index of heart in the irraiation group was (23.90±6.60)%, considerably higher than (3.25±3.38)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). The CVF of heart in the irradiation group was (15.42±5.72)%, significantly higher than (1.45±0.64)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). The PaO 2 level in the irradiation group was (86.10±7.60) mmHg, significantly lower compared with (107.16±9.01) mmHg in the control group ( P< 0.01). The apoptotic index of lung in the irradiation group was (27.90±8.94)%, significantly higher than (2.50±3.55)% in the control group ( P<0.01). The CVF of lung in the irradiation group was (17.76±5.77)%, remarkably higher than (2.50±3.55)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). Conclusion:Radiation can induce cardiopulmonary apotosis and fibrosis remodeling, which leads to cardiopulmonary dysfunction, suggesting the successful establishment of C57BL/6 mouse model of radiation-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction.