ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>During craniotomies using the transpetrosal-presigmoid approach, exposure of the sigmoid sinus remains an essential but hazardous step. In such procedures, accurate localization of the anterosuperior point of the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (ASTS) is very important for reducing surgical morbidity. This study aimed to create an accurate and practical method for identifying the ASTS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the lateral surfaces of 40 adult skulls (19 male skulls and 21 female skulls), a rectangular coordinate system was defined to measure the x and y coordinates of two points: the ASTS and the squamosal-parietomastoid suture junction (SP). With the coordinate system, the distribution characteristics of the ASTS were statistically analyzed and the differences between the ASTS and SP were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For ASTS-x, significant differences were found in different sides (P = 0.020); the ASTS-x in male skulls was significantly higher on the right side (P = 0.017); there was no significant difference between the sides in female skulls. There were no significant differences in gender or interaction of gender and side for ASTS-x, and for ASTS-y, there were no significant differences in side, gender, or interaction of gender and side. For both sides combined, the mean ASTS-x was significantly higher than the mean SP-x (P = 0.003) and the mean ASTS-y was significantly higher than the mean SP-y (P = 0.011).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This reference coordinate system may be an accurate and practical method for identifying the ASTS during presigmoid craniotomy. The SP might be difficult to find during presigmoid craniotomy and, therefore, it is not always a reliable landmark for defining the ASTS.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cranial Sinuses , Craniotomy , Skull , Transverse SinusesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of co-culture with vascular endothelial cells on growth and apoptosis of C6 glioma cells under hypoxic condition.Methods C6 glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were co-cultured with Transwell devices in 24-well plates;hypoxic condition was simulated by CoC12.C6 cells were divided into 4 groups:C6 cells and vascular endothelial cells were co-cultured under hypoxia as experimental group,while groups of co-culture of C6 cells and vascular endothelial cells under normoxia,monoculture of C6 cells under hypoxia,and monoculture of C6 cells under normoxia were used as controls.Apoptosis of C6 cells was detected by Annexin-V-FITC/PI double fluorescence staining and cell cycle of C6 cells was detected by flow cytometer 24 h after culture; the number of C6 cells was counted for 6 days and each growth curve was drew,respectively.Results After 24 h co-culture,apoptosis rate of C6 cells in the experimental group was obviously lower than that in control groups (P＜0.05); apoptosis rate of C6 cells in the group of co-culture of C6 cells and vascular endothelial cells under normoxia was significantly lower than that in group ofmonoculture of C6 cells under normoxia (P＜0.05).As compared with that in the other groups,the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells in the experimental group decreased apparently,but that of S phase cells was increased significantly in the experimental group (P＜0.05); percentage of G0/G1 phase cells in the group of co-culture of C6 cells and vascular endothelial cells under normoxia was significantly lower than that in group ofmonoculture of C6 cells under normoxia,but that of S phase cells was significantly higher in group of co-culture of C6 cells and vascular endothelial cells under normoxia (P＜0.05).After 6 d co-culture,C6 cells of each group grew fast in the first two days,reaching a peak during the following two days; in addition,C6 cells in experimental group grew fastest among the four groups,and its peak cell count was also the highest.Conclusion Co-culture with vascular endothelial cells under hypoxia can not only prevent glioma cells from apoptosis but also promote its growth.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and the microsurgical treatment of intramedullary hemangioblastoma in cervical spinal cord.Methods The signs of MRI,and the results of operations were analysed in 26 patients with the tumors.Rusults The tumors can be classified into two types:Solid type (14 cases)and cystic type(12 eases).All the tumors underwent total removal and were all hemangioblastoma confirmed by histopathologic examinations.Postoperatively,neurological status were improved in 17 patients, remained in 7 cases and worse in 2 cases.Conclusion For intrameduUary hemangioblastoma of cervical spinal cord MRI is of significant importance in the diagnosis of localization and the nature of the tumors which is conductive to selecting appropriate operative methods.There is high risk in operating at cervical section,but microsurgical total resection is the optimal method to stop the development of the clinical presentation.Opera- tive methods varied with the different typer of the tumor.It is the most important principal that dissection is performed along the correct interface and the tumor should be removed en bloc after it is devascularized.