ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The determination of skeletal maturity has an important role in pediatric clinical practice, especially in relation to endocrinological problems and growth disorders, and it is frequently useful in diagnosis and monitoring treatment. It has been suggested that the difference between radius, ulna and short bonse (RUS) and carpal may be of differential diagnostic significance. However, no data on comparison among bone ages of Chinese children are available. The differences between TW3-Chinese RUS (TW3-C RUS) and TW3-Chinese Carpal (TW3-C Carpal) bone age of Chinese children were observed in this study to provide references for skeletal development estimation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 9408 Han healthy children (5066 boys, 4302 girls) aged 1.5 - 13.5 years from 5 cities of China were enrolled in this study. The bone ages of the children were estimated by TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal. The Z score curves of the differences between them were fitted by BCPE distribution and the goodness-of-fit of Box-Cox power exponential distribution (BCPE) models were assessed by Q-test and percents of cases of sample below the fitted percentile curves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The means of the differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal were -0.19 - 0.17 over the age 2.0 - 13.5 years in boys and -0.12 - 0.13 from age 1.5 - 11.5 years in girls. The standard deviations were respectively 0.47 - 1.01 years for boys and 0.49 - 0.82 years for girls. The degrees of freedom, with respect to the parameter curves from BCPE distribution, were selected and the percentile curves were fitted by BCPE. The differences between percents of cases below the fitted percentile curves and expected values were all under 0.66%, exception of difference for 90th percentile in girls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal varied with age, the standard deviations increased gradually before 4.5 years of age in boys and 4 years of age in girls, and afterwards the variations decreased steadily until the TW3-C Carpal has reached full maturity. However, there was sex diversity in the extent of the variations. The differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal for boys were evidently greater than that for girls. The sex difference decreased progressively after 10 years. The proposed Z scores curves charts should provide reference for clinical practice.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Age Determination by Skeleton , Asian People , Bone Development , Carpal Bones , China , Radius , Reference Values , Ulna , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
To establish reference values of various immunophenotypic markers in B lymphocyte population in healthy Chinese adults and build background information for accurate interpretation of B cell immunophenotyping data in clinical practice, peripheral blood from 41 healthy adults were collected separately into test tubes containing EDTA-K(2) and stored in room temperature no more than 24 hours before analysis. Whole blood lysis technique and multiparameter flow cytometry were applied to immunophenotype B cells gated on CD19/SSC dot-plot. The results showed that CD22, CD20, CD62L, CD40, CD24, CD79b, CD79a, and FMC-7 were almost positive in the circulating B cell population, whereas CD11a, CD80, CD103, CD10, CD40L, CD54, CD95L, CD86, and CD95 were almost negative in the peripheral blood B lymphocytes. CD18, CD44, CD23, CD5, CD11c and CD43 were positive in different B cell subpopulations. 78% of B cells were IgD positive and ratio kappa/lambda was 1.26. The significance of all these markers in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases was discussed. The conclusion is that it is necessary to consider the qualitative and quantitative levels of expression of various markers in normal B cell population in order to accurately interpret the pathological immunophenotypic data in clinical practice. It is also important to note the immunotypic differences of B cells between Chinese and Western populations.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , B-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , CD5 Antigens , Flow Cytometry , Methods , Immunophenotyping , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Allergy and Immunology , Lymphoma , Allergy and Immunology , Receptors, IgEABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the phenotypes and genotypes of a hereditary protein C(PC) deficiency pedigree.Methods Imrnunoassay(ELISA)was used for PC antigen and PS antigen; Immunoturbidimetry assay was used for measuring AT antigen;Chromogenic substrate assay was used for measuring the activity of PC,PS and AT in Sysmex 1500 automatic Blood Coagulation Analyzer.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)for amplification of the fragment of each exon and side sequences of PC gene in 10 members of the 3 generations;Direct DNA sequencing was used to examine the mutation site.Results Among 10 members of the 3 generation pedigree,8 of them had a PC:Ag level of 1.06-1.92 mg/L(normal references 3.00-6.00 rag/L),the activity of PC was between 41% and 67%(normal references 70%- 140%),which was significantly lower than the normal references while the levels of PS:Ag,PS:A,AT:Ag and AT:A were all within normal range.DNA sequencing analysis showed that there was a G to T mutation in exon IX of the PC gene at 12 918 position in 8 members.This mutation resulted in the substitution of terminator TGA for TGG which encoding tryptophan at 372 amino acid.There was a polymorphism in 2 405C/ T,2 418A/G,2 583A/T in the promotor area.Conclusions This pedigree is a type I hereditary protein C deficiency.There is a G12 918T mutation in exon IX of PC gene.This mutation is reported for the first time and there is a polymorphism in 2 405C/T,2 418A/G,2 583A/T in the promotor area.