ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies in many parts of the world and also the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide.At present,the commonly used clinical screening methods for prostate cancer are serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA)and transrectal ultrasound guided puncture biopsy.However,the above two diagnostic methods have some related problems such as over-diagnosis caused by false negative and false positive.Metabolomics is an important component of systems biol-ogy,which recognizes minor changes in certain molecular metabolites during tumorigenesis and development.This article reviewed how to use the method of metabolomics to find the metabolites of the three major sub-stances in the patients with prostate cancer and the changes of related metabolic pathways to provide the new ideas for the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the diagnostic techniques of acute anuria caused by upper urinary tract obstruction. Methods Fifty-eight patients with acute anuria caused by upper urinary tract obstruction were analyzed on clinical manifestations,etiology of obstruction and imageologic findings. Results The main clinical manifestations consisted of anuria in 58 cases,pain in renal region in 41,percussion tenderness over kidney region in 33,hypertension in 20,high levels of BUN and creatinine in 57 and hyperkaliemia in 8.The main adjuvant examinations included MRU,B-ultrasound,X-ray (KUB,IVU and retrograde pyelography),CT and MRI.The detection rates of upper urinary tract obstruction by above-mentioned examinations were as follows:100% (25/25) with MRU,88% (50/57) with B-ultrasound,60% (6/10) with CT/MRI,49% (19/39) with X-ray. The detection rates of MRU and B-ultrasound were significantly higher than those of X-ray and CT/MRI (P