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Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.
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Objective:To understand the application status of rectal drip therapy, so as to make recommendations for its rational application.Methods:In order to analyze the actual situation of rectal drip therapy and the cognition status of the safety, absorption degree and convenience of rectal drip therapy, a questionnaire survey was conducted from 947 different medical institutions in 22 provinces, 4 direct-controlled municipalities and 4 autonomous regions from July 4 to July 15, 2019.Results:(1) A total of 1 505 valid questionnaires were collected from 947 medical institutions in China, 95 medical institutions indicated that 156 drugs were administered by rectal drip, including 35 drugs in tertiary medical institutions, 50 drugs in secondary medical institutions, 67 drugs in primary medical institutions, and 4 drugs in profit medical institutions.(2) The proportion of oral preparations that was used in rectal drip, and in tertiary and secondary medical institutions were 68.57%(24 cases) and 62.00%(31 cases), respectively, both of which was higher than that proportion in primary medical institutions (13 cases, 19.40%). The proportion of injections in primary medical institutions was 80.60%(54 cases) that was higher than that of tertiary medical institutions (11 cases, 31.43%) and secon-dary medical institutions (19 cases, 38.00%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). (3) The proportion of digestive system medication rectal dripping in tertiary medical institutions (13 cases, 37.14%) and secondary medical institutions (20 cases, 38.46%) was higher than that in primary medical institutions (3 cases, 4.41%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The proportion of rectal dripping of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) injections in primary medical institutions (47 cases, 69.12%) was higher than that in tertiary medical institutions (1 cases, 2.86%) and secondary medical institutions (0, 0), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). (4) Among the results of 1 505 questionnaires, 18.61%(280 questionnaire) of doctors thought that rectal drip therapy was safe, 39.34%(592 questionnaire) agreed it was easy to absorb, and 37.34%(562 questionnaire) hold the view that it was convenient.(5) The number of questionnaires in the two groups of used (group A) and not used (group B) was 100 and 1 405, respectively.The cognitive differences in the safety, absorption degree and convenience of rectal drip therapy between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusion:There are various drugs used in rectal drip therapy, so it should be strengthened in the management and standardized in pediatrics.
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OBJECTIVE：To provi de reference for standardizing pediatric clinical trials and promoting the development and application of pediatric medication in China. METHODS ：Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （Chi CTR ）database were searched to collect all clinical trials related to pediatric population under 18 years old from the inception to Oct. 1st，2019. Those clinical trials were analyzed statistically in respect of name of registered project ，involved disease/system ，research stage ，registration time ， registration status ，regional distribution of research institutions ，source of funds ，research type ，whether data management committee was set up ，situation of recruited research objects ，ethics committee approval status ，whether blind method was adopted ， whether to collect human specimens and whereabouts of human specimens. RESULTS ：A total of 231 pediatric drug clinical trials were included. The clinical trials involved 21 kinds of diseases/systems ，mainly were tumors and tumor-like lesions ，ophthalmic diseases and allergic disease. The research stage has the most items （85 trials，36.80％）in post-marketing drug clinical trials ；there were 77 items of phase Ⅰ-Ⅳ clinical trials （33.33％）. The number of pediatric drug clinical trials was increased year by year ，and among which 179 trials were pre-registered （77.49％），52 trials were supplementary registration （22.51％）. Beijing ，Shanghai， Guangdong，Chongqing and Zhejiang were the major regions where pediatric drug clinical trials were carried out ，and the clinical trial projects of which accounted for 66.23％（153/231）of the total number of included projects. The funding sources were mainly self-financing（57.85％），hospital finance （20.18％），and local government finance （10.31％）. The main type of research was intervention study and observational study ，accounting for 88.31％ in total. Totally 145 trials（62.77％）had not yet determined whether to set up a data management committee ；201 trials（87.01％）had passed the review of the ethics committee of the relevant institution；168 trials（72.73％）did not clarify whether the blind method was used ；133 trials（57.58％）had collected 001-001） human specimens ，and the collected human specimens were 3360875。E-mail：794446155@qq.com mainly destroyed after use. CONCLUSIONS ：The number of pediatric drug clinical trials registered in Chi CTR is increasing but there i s regional imbalance. Researchers have gradually established the concept of pediatric clinical trial registration ，and have realized the importance of data management to research quality ，and the management of collected trial specimens is relatively standardized. It is suggested that relevant departments increase the publicity of clinical trial registration and improve the clinical trial registration management system ； relevant researchers should increase the awareness of clinical trial registration ，standardize registration application and trial project management.
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OBJECTIVE:To promote the safe use of Heparin sodium injection for children. METHODS:According to litera-ture retrieve,questionnaire survey and field investigation,Health care failure mode and effect analysis method(HFMEA)was ad-opted to search for the failure modes of Heparin sodium injection for children,and preventive strategies were established and imple-mented based on these failure modes. Its effects were evaluated by comparing the error rate and risk priority number rating (RPN value)before and after the implementation. RESULTS:Totally 5 risk points of Heparin sodium injection requiring immediate inter-vention were obtained from RPN value,including wrong dose of Heparin sodium injection in prescribing,pharmacists'unclearness for the calculation method of the dose of Heparin sodium injection in dispensing,and nurses'no performing of double check sys-tem before infusion in administration,etc. After implementing related countermeasures,related error of Heparin sodium injection was decreased from 8 cases to 1 case,and error rate was declined from 3.76% to 0.51%(P<0.01). The RPN values of 5 failure modes were decreased from 112.08,91.56,115.78,94.52,99.23 to 28.02,23.91,27.71,23.63,20.55,respectively. CONCLU-SIONS:HFMEA can prospectively conduct systematical analysis for Heparin sodium injection for children. Implementing related countermeasures based on the current situation of our hospital can reduce the related error of Heparin sodium injection and promote the medication safety of children.
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Ribavirin is a kind of synthetic nuclear nucleoside antiviral drugs. It can inhibit the growth of respiratory syncytial virus,influenza virus,hepatitis a virus,adenovirus and other virus,but its mechanism is not fully clear.To understand the current situ?ation of drug information and clinical application of ribavirin,we accessed to literature in the literature database of Wanfang med on?line,CNKI,yz365,CFDA,FDA,DailyMed and Chinese Marketed Drugs Database. Based on the present situation of pediatrics clinical application of our hospital and the drug information of ribavirin and clinical application in children at home and abroad ,we evaluated the safety of ribavirin to promote its reasonable application and make suggestions to the standardization management of ribavirin.
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OBJECTIVE:To reduce dispensing errors in Pharmacy intravenous admixture service(PIVAS),improve compound-ing quality of transfusion and guarantee the safety and rationality of clinic transfusion. METHODS:The case tracking method was applied to analyze each link of the work in PIVAS to find the reasons of configuration errors and control risk;and then the system tracking method was applied to analyze the hidden safety risk and the crack of quality from the inside of the system and work flow. Countermeasures and supporting continuous improvement were established to evaluate the effect of management before and after 6 months. RESULTS:Tracer methodology(TM)was adopted to find out the weakness in the key link and work flow of the cause of the configuration errors,the relative work pattern and work environment was improved,the relative system was formulated and completed,strength of rewards and punishment was increased. Through the implementation of the countermeasures,the number of dispensing errors was reduced from 81 to 38,and the error rate was reduced from 0.035% to 0.011%(P<0.01). CONCLU-SIONS:TM can be adopted in the key link and work flow of the cause of the configuration errors,aim at formulate and strictly carry out relative countermeasures to reduce errors in PIVAS,and promote the safety of drug use.
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OBJECTIVE To discuss the status and function of pharmacy in hospital infection management.METHODS The responsibility which the pharmacy should do in hospital infection management was analyzed.RESULTS Pharmacy was closely related with hospital infection management in the field of disinfection drug preparation and supply,the reasonable using of antibiotics,the providing medicinal information for clinics,etc.CONCLUSIONS To strengthen management and improve service function and level so as to advance the hospital infection management work.
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Objective To estimate deployment of field medical equipment, which is aim at the manifold differences between field medical equipment in wartime or emergencies and common hospital equipment. Methods Based on a good many factors, the system of comprehensive evaluation index on field medical equipment deployment were built up. The model of comprehensive evaluation index was established in applicant of a grey system theory. By discriminating model parameters, the order of comprehensive evaluation is involved in various medical equipment deployments. Results The examples of the evaluation show that is simple and convenient, lesser relevance in indicators and the evaluative results and actual position are conformity. Conclusion The evaluated results of field medical equipment deployment are important for the selection of field medical equipment, which can meet all deployable conditions in wartime or various emergencies. At the same time, the theoretic method has also settled the foundation in evaluation of other military equipment deployment.
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Objective To explore the effects of the total number of medical staff working in the room and their different activities on the colony population of air bacteria in NICU. Methods To count the colony population of air bacteria under different conditions and analyze the influenced factors . Results The colony population of room air bacteria was well correlated and statistically significant with the number of medical staff working in the room(r=0.78,P